marathi itihas

8/13/2019 Marathi Itihas

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Shahaji and Randullakhan tried in vain to help the Nizamshahi forces trapped inside

the fort. Finally, Fatehkhan agreed to hand over the fort if the safety of Nizamshahi

family was assured. In return, Mahabatkhan agreed to give safe passage to the

Nizamshahi family and also to provide ten lakh rupees for their expenses. On 17th

June 1633 AD Fatehkhan and Nizamshah handed over the fort to the Mughal army.

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If however anybody committed an offence, he was punishedwith surprising promptitude. He [Shivaji] used to say, no

sovereign who rules should excuse excesses, much less of thoseof his grandees, for such an oversight when rightly construed

must be regarded as a consent where by the kings participate inthe crimes of their subjects.

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The amount of fifty Hons received as offering for the festival of

Ram has been sent along with Bhanji Gosavi. You will receive it.I had been to Shivaji Raje with a request for money. He asked"Where do you come from ?". I replied that we are disciples ofRamdas and we stay at Chaphal. He then asked "Where is heoriginally from ?". I said that Ramdas Swami is originally from

Jamb village on the banks of Godavari river and he now stays inthe math [monastary] near the Ram temple at Chaphal. He hasstarted the Ram festival and instructed us to collect donationsto celebrate the same. So we are visiting different villages as

per his instructions.On this note, Shivaji asked Dattajipant to annually donate two

hundred Hons for the expenses of this festival.

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By his people he was exceedingly loved; both in matters of


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reward and punishment; he was so impartial that while he lived,he made no exception for any person, no merit was left

unrewarded, no offence went unpunished, and this he did withso much care and attention that he specially charged his

governers to inform him in writing of the conduct of his soilders

intimating in particular those who had distinguished themselvesand he would at once order their promotion either in rank or pay

according to their merit.

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Then Shivaji moved in to Prabhavali. Suryarao had fled from the town before Shivaji

reached there. Shivaji appointed Trymbak Bhaskar as the Subhedar of Prabhavali and

began his return journey to Rajgad. Shringarpur was taken on 29th April 1661 and

Prabhavali couple of days later.

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And even Sextagan [Shahistekhan] was surprised that Sevagynever suffered any loss, and this was due to the execution of theorder, that they [Shivaji's soilders] should never [permit

themselves to] be caught, but should do what they could,without risk and, having done so, should immediately leave with

all the booty, for Sevagy said that he prized the lives of hissoilders above all the interests of the world.

.

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These kind of superstitions actually helped Shivaji because they indirectly worked against hisenemy's morale. One such example is given below.

Sewagy often sent expeditions to different places at the sametime and in all of them he was convoked and he was in

command. The question is still unsolved whether he substitutedothers for himself or whether he was a magician or devil actedin his place. Much has been said about it in India and there is

much divergence of opinion as usual. If I had to give any opinion,I would say that as he sent expeditions to two, three or fourplaces, at the same time and as with every regiment went a

captain whom all obeyed and called Sewagy Raja (name that hehad assumed after his rebellion), this mistake was caused by


88/211

some people who came everyday (that is fresh recruits) and didnot know him well as yet. Hence arose the belief that he used to

be in different places (at the same time).

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.

. ...

A few days after my arrival, Shivaji gave himself up and cameinto our camp. Since I went at night to converse and play (cards)

with the Raja (Jaisingh), whenever he so desired, it happenedone night during this period, that we were having a game, theRaja, his brahmin and I, when in came Shivaji. We all rose up,

and Shivaji, seeing me, a youth well-favoured of body, whom hehad not beheld on other occasions, asked Raja Jaisingh of what

country I was the Raja. Jaisingh replied that I was a firangi Raja.He wondered at such an answer, and said that he also had in his

service many firangis but they were not of this style ...

This was the opening which afforded me occasion many times toconverse with Shivaji, since I possesed like any one else in the

camp, the Persian and Hindustani languages. I gave himinformation about the greatness of European Kings, he being of

the opinion that there was not in Europe any other King than theking of Portugal. I also talked to him about our religion.

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The main pillar of government is to be well informed about one's

kingdom. Negligence for a single moment can cause disgrace formany years. The escape of the wretched Shiva took place

through [my] carelessness, and I have to labour hard [againstMarathas] to the end of my life [because of it].

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[]

[] ., FACT

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You have been formerly advised what unsufferable tyranny theBannians [traders] endured in Surat by the force exercised by

these Lordly Moors [muslims] on account of their religion thesweetness of which the Cozzy [Qazi] and other officers, findingby the large incomes paid by the Bannians to redeeme [protect]the places of Idolatrous worship from being defaced and their

persons from mallice, did prosecute their covetous avenges withthat frequency and furious zeale that the Generall body of theBannians began to groan under their affliction and to take up

serious resolves of flying the countrey.

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There are not enough men on the fort. Arms and ammunition tooare not sufficient. The enemy is numerous. And yet I defended

the fort with my utmost strength. To defend it further is beyondmy power. I resign from my post. I have defended my honour.

This is my greatest asset.

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I demand for the third time, which I declare shall be the last,the chauth or quarter part of the king's revenue under your

government. As your emperor has forced me to keep an army forthe defence of my people and country, that army must be paidby his subjects. If you do not send me the money speedily, then

make ready a large house for me, for I shall go and sit downthere and receive the revenue and custom duties, as there is

none now to stop my passage.

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Shivaji is at Mahad, a place not above fifty miles off of Chaul,gathering together his army from all parts, even as far as fromKudal, Vengurla etc. the reason whereof, as it is reported, isthat, Dilerkhan, with a flying army has taken Puna [Pune],

Chanckna [Chakan], a place the Deputy Governer sayeth, ofgreat concern and in a very large plain, in the heart of all

Shivaji's upper country. He spared none above nine years of age.

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Why didn't you get killed in the battle at Salher ? Shivaransacked imperial region while you were just sitting and doingnothing about it. Other kingships of Deccan have started sendinggifts to Shivaji - what does this mean ? Why don't you get alongwith these other Kingships and capture Shiva's regions ? Once

you win his regions what will he do sitting on his forts ? Surroundhim from all sides.

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158/211

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Your order deserves highest respect. But please remember howShiva escaped when he was in your captivity at Agra. Probably

that will help you understand that we are doing our best tocontain his activities.

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June the sixth, about seven or eight of the clock went to courtand found the Raja seated in a magnificent throne and all thenobles waiting on him very rich attire, his son Sambhaji Raja,

Peshwa Moro Pandit and a Brahmin of great eminence seated on

an ascent under the Throne, the rest as well as officers of thearmy as others, standing with great respect. I made my

obeisance at a distance and Narain Senoy help up the diamondring which was to be presented to him. He presently took noticeof us and ordered out coming nearer, even to the foots of theThrone, where being vested, we were desired to retire, whichwe did, but not so soon but that I took notice on each side of

the Throne there hung on heads of cilded lances many emblemsof Government and dominion, as on the right hand were twogreat fishes, heads of gold with very large teeth; on the lefthand several horses' tails, a pair of gold scales on a very rich

lance head poised equally, an emblem of justice and as wereturned at the palace gates there was standing two small

elephants on each side, and two fair horses with gold bridles andrich furniture, which made us admire which way they broughtthem up the hill, the passage being so difficult and hazardous.

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The President having received advice from Shivaji that if weadmit the Siddi's fleets to tarry any longer in our port, he will,notwithstanding the peace between him and us, fall upon hisenemy in our harbour and declare war against us, inserting

[inferring] that we show more favour to the Siddi than to him,

which being seriously considered, ordered that the secretary andcaptain Thomas Niccolls be immediately sent to the Siddi to givehim notice of the message Shivaji sent to the President and todeclare unto him that himself and fleet must leave the port.

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Under the rule of the Muhamadens you had unrestricted

permission to sell and purchase men and women as slaves. Butnow in my territory you will not have permission for the sale andpurchase of men and women as slaves. Were you to try you will

be prohibited from doing so by my men. This clause must bescruplously observed.

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Shivaji's forces under the command of his half-brother Santaji

appeared before Vellore which was being beseiged for overfourteen months and whose captain Abdullakhan, held it veryresolutely in spite of great difficulties and the sickness that

reduced so much the number of his men that he had tosurrender the fortress on condition of receiving thirty thousand

pagodas with a small fort and country for himself.

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As all the aims of the religious Emperor were directed to thespreading of the law of Islam and the overthrow of the practicesof the infidels, he issued orders to the high Diwani officers that

from Wednesday, the 2nd April 1679, the obediance to thequranic injunction 'Till they pay commutation money (Jazia)

with the hand in humility' and in agreement with the canonicaltraditions, jazia should be collected from the infidels (zimmis)of the capital and the provinces. Many of the honest scholars of

the time were appointed to discharge the work. May Godactuate him to do that which he loves and is pleased with and

make his future life better than the present.

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We have received certain intelligence that Shivaji Raja intends

to fortify the island of Hendry Kendry [Underi, Khanderi] lying at
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203/211

the mouth of this bay and always supposed to belong to us, andwe humbly perceive it little policy to suffer so potent and

voracious a prince to possess himself of so considerable a postwithout disputing his title thereunto. His designs herein cannot

be otherwise than to have check on the whole trade of this

island and adjacent parts by keeping there always a fleet ofsmall brigantines to cruise up and down.

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We do not believe that we can face Shivaji for any length oftime. If he lands on the Bombay island, we are doubtful if we

can protect it against him. The Bombay office should try to getout of this as early as possible. If this is not possible, they shouldmake use of the good offices of the Portuguese. If this does notwork, they should make what use they can of the ships of the

Siddi which are leaving Surat shortly.


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We could heartily wish Hendry Kendry business had never been.The latter (Khanderi) is that Shivaji's people are gone on and

hold out to admiration of all.

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