marc 21 - melissa k. desemo · marc 21 emporia state university li804xr ... • and illustrated by...
TRANSCRIPT
MARC 21
Emporia State University
LI804XR
Group CMegan Bannen Melissa Beck Nicole Chapman Denise Hartley
Sharon Markey Colleen Olinger Farris Sanders Katherine Wagner
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
History
Beginning
Library of Congress and the British
National Bibliography
Henriette Avram
MARC 21
Beginning
Card catalogs to computers
Library of Congress
MARC 1
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
History
Beginning
Library of Congress and the British
National Bibliography
Henriette Avram
MARC 21
Beginning
Card catalogs to computers
Library of Congress
MARC 1
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
History
Beginning
Library of Congress and the British
National Bibliography
Henriette Avram
MARC 21
Beginning
Card catalogs to computers
Library of Congress
MARC 1
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
History
Beginning
Library of Congress and the British
National Bibliography
Henriette Avram
MARC 21
Beginning
Card catalogs to computers
Library of Congress
MARC 1
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Beginning
Card catalogs to computers
Library of Congress
MARC 1
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Library of Congress and the
British National BibliographyNew version
International exchange
Versions
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Henriette Avram
Background
Pilot
System refinements
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21 National standardization
Harmonization
Current
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
On what is MARC based
Traditional card catalogue record
Idea of ldquoshared cataloging informationrdquo or
ldquoshared bibliographic recordsrdquo
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Before MARC
librarians used
Catalog cards from Library of Congress
Typed their own cards using CIP data from the
title page of books
Adapted records printed in library journals and
bibliographies
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC format is now standard
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC format is now standard
MARC 21 merged US and Canadarsquos national
MARC formats based on ANSI standard Z392
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
UNIMARC = Universal MARC
Developed in 1977 as a way for national
bibliographic agencies to communicate through
MARC records
Has several differences in coding than MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
How it is constructed
Field
Signposts
Tags
Indicators
Subfield codes
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
FieldIndividual components of
catalog record
Headings author title subject call number
Cross references
Notes
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Signposts
Content designators
Encoded metadata = particular pieces of
information in the record (Para Taylor A p 131)
Example
English main entry personal name with a
single surname the name
MARC 100 1$a
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Signposts
ldquoallows for records with an unlimited number of
fields and unlimited field lengthsrdquo (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
One of Those Hideous Books Where the
Mother Dies by Sonya Sones
Push by Sapphire
Some materials may contain more fields than
others
Tags indicators and subfield codes
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Tags
Designate a field
Comprised of a 3 digit number
Common tags (httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Common Tags
bull 010 Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
bull 020 International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
bull 100 personal name main entry (author)
bull 245 title information (states title other information statement of responsibility)
bull 250 edition
bull 260 publication information
bull 300 marks the physical description
bull 490 series statement
bull 520 annotation or summary note
bull 650 topical subject heading
bull 700 personal name added entry (joint author editor or illustrator)
(httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06html)
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
IndicatorsFurther define a field
Two character positions following a tag
Each digit is read separately
First character 0 through 9
Second character ldquothe number of characters at the
beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by
the computer in the sorting and filing processrdquo
Example
bull245 14 $a The emperorrsquos new clothes
bull $c adapted from Hans Christian Anderson
bull and illustrated by Janet Stevens
Undefined (blank) indicators
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Subfield Codes
Indicate data within a field
Consists of a delimiter (a character such as
or $) and a lowercase letter
Example (for a bookrsquos physical description)
bull 300 $a 675 p $b ill $c24 cm
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Whatrsquos all that junk at the
beginning of a MARC
record
Leader primarily for computer use
Directory contains the tags and tells the
computer where each field begins within the
record
008 Field (Fixed-Length Data Elements or
Fixed Field Codes) contains handy
information ldquoused to identify and retrieve
records matching specific criteriardquo
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Example of traditional
catalog cardGV943
Brenner Richard J 1941-
25
Make the team Soccer a heads up guide to super
B74
soccer Richard J Brenner -- 1st ed -- Boston
1990
Little Brown c1990
127 p ill 19 cm
A Sports illustrated for kids book
Summary Instructions for improving soccer skills Discusses dribbling heading
playmaking defense conditioning mental attitude how to handle problems with
coaches parents and other players and the history of soccer
ISBN 0316107514 $1295
1 Soccer -- Juvenile literature 2 Soccer II Title Heads up
guide to super soccer II Title
Dewey Class no 7963342 -- dc 20
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Example of MARC record
Leader00-23 nam22a4500
001 ltcontrol numbergt
003 ltcontrol number identifiergt
005 199203310922127
00700- ta
01
00800- 820305s1991nyu0010eng
39
020 $a0845348116 $c$2995 (pound1950 UK)
020 $a0845348205 (pbk)
040 $a[organization code]$c[organization code]
050 14$aPN19928S4$bT47 1991
082 04$a79145750973$219
100 1$aTerrace Vincent$d1948-
245 10$aFifty years of television $ba guide to series and pilots 1937-1988
$cVincent Terrace
246 1$a50 years of television
260 $aNew York $bCornwall Books$cc1991
300 $a864 p $c24 cm
500 $aIncludes index
650 0$aTelevision pilot programs$zUnited States$vCatalogs
650 0$aTelevision serials$zUnited States$vCatalogs
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Why MARC 21 matters to
everyone in library
Catalogers
ILL staff
Circulation staff
Reference
Acquisitions
Systems
Administrative
Patrons
Vendors
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Metadata
Crosswalks
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARCrsquos got potential
Catalog the web
XML and MARC 21
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
MARC 21
History
How it is constructed
How it works
Uses
Evaluation
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Evaluating MARC 21
a tool for bibliographic information
or
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Everybody may love
Raymond but NOT
everybody loves Marc (21)
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Sally McCallum Chief
Network Development and
MARC Standards
Library of Congress
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
ldquoexplorations will take place with or
without the participation - or leadership - of
librarians but they should not Librarians
need to have prominent roles in all
explorations so that their cumulated
knowledge and understanding of document
control and discovery are built upon not
slowly rediscovered and reinventedrdquo
- Sally McCallum2000
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
- with these tools the bibliographic
community will not have a revolution
in its resource investment but an
evolution
- Sally McCallum 2000
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Roy
Tennant
Senior Program Officer for OCLC
Research
Written five books including XML
for Libraries
wwwroytennantcom
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
ldquoMARC
Must
Dierdquo
httpwwwlibraryjournalcomarticleCA250046html
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Building
new
Adding
on
Vs
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Points to ponder
if MARC is discarded
How stable is XML
Who will be the infrastructure architects
Will the rest of the world want to convert
Do we have the expertise (personnel)
necessary to make the conversion
How much will it cost
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
So
show me the money
ldquoFrom October 2000 to September 2001 LC cataloged
270801 bibliographic volumes at an average cost of
$12260 per volume
From October 2001 through September 2002 LC
cataloged 310235 bibliographic volumes at an
average cost of $9458 per volumerdquo
httplocgovfaqcatfaqhtml11
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
The win-win scenario and
how to achieve it
ldquoXML seems to have the potential for fostering a
commercial marketplace much broader than the library
market and as such will in time have considerable
financial resources devoted to it to create the ldquouser
friendlyrdquo data creation tools and other related
management and retrieval software that will ensure its
acceptancerdquo
Johnson 2001 p8
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Ten years later
where are we
MARC 21 is still the standard for dealing with
bibliographic data
Metadata crosswalks have been developed for
using other schema to enrich records
The MARC office is developing a framework
that is flexible enough for XML to be adapted
by users for their specific needs
Roy Tenannt has mellowed out
ldquoWhat Irsquove Changed My Mind Aboutrdquo 2008
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
Other things you might like
to know about MARC
MARBI (Machine-Readable Bibliographic
Information Committee) meets twice a year
Changes to MARC go into effect in October
each year
Anyone who uses MARC can suggest
changes by filling out a form
but were afraid to ask
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
ldquoNos esse quasi nanos gigantium
humeris insidentes ut possimus plura
eis et remotiora videre non utique proprii
visus acumine aut eminentia corporis
sed quia in altum subvenimur et
extollimur magnitudine giganterdquo
- Bernard of Chartres
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
ldquoWe are like dwarfs on the shoulders of
giants so that we can see more than
they and things at a greater distance
not by virtue of any sharpness of sight on
our part or any physical distinction but
because we are carried high and raised
up by their giant sizerdquo
-Bernard of Chartres
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
References
Blumenstein L (2006) Avram MARC pioneer dies at 86 Library Journal (1976) 131(10) 18 20
Cassell KA amp Hiremath U (2009) Reference and information services in the 21st century New York NY Neal-Schuman
Publishers Inc
Fritz D amp Fritz R (2003) MARC 21 for everyone A practical guide Chicago IL American Library Association
Hopkinson A (2003) Marc developments in United Kingdom Infotheca Retrieved February 6 2010 from
httpwwwunilibbgacyuene-sourcesinfotheca1-2003hopkinson2php
Intner S (2007) The passing of an era Technicalities 27(2) 1 13-14
Johnson B (2001) SML and MARC Which is ldquorightrdquo Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 32(1) 81-90
Jones W Ahronheim J R amp Crawford J (2002) Cataloging the web Metadata AACR and MARC 21 Lanham
MD Scarecrow Press
Library of Congress (2004) Understanding MARC bibliographic (Part I-VI) Retrieved January 26 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumb
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181
References
Library of Congress (2009) What is a MARC record and why is it important Retrieved January 31 2010 from
httpwwwlocgovmarcumbum01to06htmltop
McCallum S (2000) Extending MARC for bibliographic control in the web environment Challenges and
alternatives Retrieved February 3 2010 from Httpwwwlocgovcatdirbibcontrolmccallumpaperhtml
Reitz J M (2007) Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science Retrieved February 11 2010 from
httplucomodlisodlis
Schudel M (2006) Henriette Avram Mother of MARC dies Library of Congress Information Bulletin 65(5) 130 132
Taylor A amp Joudrey D (2009) The organization of information Connecticut Libraries Unlimited
Tennant R (2002) A bibliographic metadata infrastructure for the 21st century Library Hi Tech 22(2) 175-181