march 30, 2017...atmosphere.notebook 4 march 30, 2017 may 1 1:15 pm section 3global winds and local...

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Atmosphere.notebook 1 March 30, 2017 May 19:14 AM Chapter 15 Atmosphere Section 1 Objectives Describe the composition of Earth's atmosphere. Explain why air pressure changes with altitude. Explain how air temperature changes with atmospheric composition. Describe the layers of the atmosphere. www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tz8oyuT4E0 How is the atmosphere different from outer space? The Composition of the Atmosphere Atmosphere a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth consists of 78.08% Nitrogen 20.95% Oxygen 0.93% Argon 0.03% CO2 and traces of water vapor Scientists theorize that 95% of the O2 in the atmosphere was formed from photosynthesis. fluid any material that can flow and takes the shape of its container Atmospheric Pressure and Temperature has mass so gravity pulls on the particles and it is held around the Earth air pressure the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface strongest at the Earth's surface temperatures vary in atmosphere due to how the solar energy is absorbed Review What is the most common gas in the atmosphere? Nitrogen Does the air contain anything other than gases? solids dust liquids water Layers of the Atmosphere Divided into 4 layers based on temperature changes Troposphere tropo = turning closest to the surface 90% of atmosphere's mass densest temperature differences lifeforms, weather, clouds, etc Stratosphere strato = layer gases layered and do not mix temps increase as altitude increases ozone layer protects by absorbing UV radiation Mesosphere meso = middle coldest layer temps decrease as altitude increases Thermosphere thermo = heat temps increase due to concentrations of N2 and O2 are high which absorb solar radiation Ionosphere part of the thermosphere that has electrically charged particles auroras when the electrically charged particles radiate energy Exosphere outer layer of thermosphere www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaikvaAw2nk Assignment Draw and color a diagram of all Layers of the Earth. Include the temperature changes.

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  • Atmosphere.notebook

    1

    March 30, 2017

    May 19:14 AM

    Chapter 15 Atmosphere

    Section 1

    ObjectivesDescribe the composition of Earth's atmosphere.Explain why air pressure changes with altitude.Explain how air temperature changes with atmospheric 

    composition.Describe the layers of the atmosphere.

    www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tz8oyuT4E0

    How is the atmosphere different from outer space?

    The Composition of the AtmosphereAtmosphere

    a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth

    consists of 78.08% Nitrogen20.95% Oxygen  0.93% Argon  0.03% CO2 and traces of water vapor

    Scientists theorize that 95% of the O2 in the atmospherewas formed from photosynthesis.

    fluid  any material that can flow and takes the shape     of its container

    Atmospheric Pressure and Temperaturehas mass so gravity pulls on the particles and it is heldaround the Earth

    air pressure  the measure of the force with which air         molecules push on a surface

    strongest at the Earth's surface

    temperatures vary in atmosphere due to how thesolar energy is absorbed

    ReviewWhat is the most common gas in the atmosphere?

    Nitrogen

    Does the air contain anything other than gases?

    solids  dustliquids  water

    Layers of the AtmosphereDivided into 4 layers based on temperature changes

    Tropospheretropo = turningclosest to the surface90% of atmosphere's mass  densesttemperature differenceslifeforms, weather, clouds, etc

    Stratospherestrato = layergases layered and do not mixtemps increase as altitude increasesozone layer  protects by absorbing UV radiation

    Mesospheremeso = middlecoldest layertemps decrease as altitude increases

    Thermospherethermo = heattemps increase due to concentrations of N2 

    and O2 are high which absorb solar radiation

    Ionospherepart of the thermosphere that has electrically charged particles

    auroras  when the electrically charged particles radiate energy

    Exosphereouter layer of thermosphere

    www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaikvaAw2nk

    AssignmentDraw and color a diagram of all Layers of the Earth.Include the temperature changes.

  • Atmosphere.notebook

    2

    March 30, 2017

    May 112:31 PM

    Class Assignment

    Groups will be assigned a type of atmospheric heating.

    Create a visual.whowhatwherewhyhowwhen.

    2 days.

  • Atmosphere.notebook

    3

    March 30, 2017

    Mar 1610:20 AM

    Section 2  Atmospheric Heating

    ObjectivesDescribe what happens to solar energy that reaches Earth.Summarize the process of radiation, conduction, and

    convection.Explain the relationship between the greenhouse effect

    and global warming.

    It takes 8 minutes for the energy from the sun to reach Earth.

    So what happens when it gets here...

    Energy in the AtmosphereRadiation

    transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves

    Earth does not receive all energy of the sun

    When it hits Earth25% is scattered20% absorbed by ozone, clouds, atmospheric gases50% absorbed by Earth's surface5% is reflected by Earth's surface

    Conductionenergy transfer through contact

    Thermal Conductiontransfer of energy as heat through a materialwhen energy from the sun has direct contact with

    the Earth's suface, heat is transferred to theatmosphere

    transfer from warm to cold

    Convectiontransfer of thermal energy by the circulation or 

    movement of a liquid or gasconvection current  circulating substances due to 

    temperature differences

    Greenhouse Effectwarming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth

    that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, andother gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy

    Global Warming/Climate Changea gradual increase in average global temperature

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBeJPpeeYJQ

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBeJPpeeYJQ

  • Atmosphere.notebook

    4

    March 30, 2017

    May 11:15 PM

    Section 3 Global Winds and Local Winds

    ObjectivesExplain the relationship between air pressure and wind direction.Describe global wind patterns.Explain the causes of local wind patterns.

    Why Air Moves?Wind

    movement of air caused by air pressure differences

    the greater pressure difference the greater the wind

    air rises at the equator and sinks at the polesair at the equator is warm and less dense  low pressureair at poles is cool and more dense  high pressure

    warm air moves towards the polescold air moves towards the equator

    pressure belts every 30oconvection cells  circular patternspressure belts  bands of high and low pressure that 

    separate convection cells

    So...wind is air circulating because of temperature differences  that cause pressure differences in the atmosphere

    Convection cells

    Coriollis Effectapparent curving of the path of winds and ocean currents due

    to the Earth's rotation

    Global WindsPolar Easterlies

    prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60oand 90o latitude in both hemispheres

    Westerliesprevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30o 

    and 60o latitude in both hemispheres 

    Trade Windsprevailing winds that blow northeast from 30o North 

    latitude to the equator and that blow southeast from30o  south latitude to the equator

    sailors used the trade winds to sail between Europe andAmerica

    Doldrumsat the equator

    very little wind

    means = dull or sluggish

    The Horse Latitudes30o North and 30o South latitude

    winds are weak

    when sailors would sail these waters and the winds wereweak, they would throw the horses overboard to save drinking water for the sailors

    Jet Streamsnarrow belt of strong winds that blow in the upper

    troposphere

    do not follow regular paths

    Local Windsblow short distances

    local geographic features can cause local winds

    Sea Breezedaytime air over the ocean is cooler and forms an area of 

    high pressure. The cool air flows to the land. 

    describes the air coming from the sea to land

    occurs during the Spring and Summer

    Land Breezenight

    opposite of Sea Breeze

    air over ocean is warmer, than the air over the landand the cool air moves towards the ocean

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWU    Bill Nye Wind

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI&index=12&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8

    Video  Coriollis Effect = 3:05

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI&index=12&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8

  • Atmosphere.notebook

    5

    March 30, 2017

    Jan 49:53 AM

    Section 4 Air Pollution

    ObjectivesCompare primary and secondary air pollutants.Identify the major sources of air pollution.Explain the effects of an ozone hole.List five effects of air pollution on the human body.Identify ways to reduce air pollution.

    Air Pollutioncontamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources

    Primary Pollutantspollutants put directly into the atmosphere by human ornatural activity

    examples  dust, smoke from forest fires, pollen    CO, chemicals from paint, vehicle exhaust

    Secondary Pollutantspollutants that form when primary pollutants react withother primary pollutants or with naturally occurring substances

    examples  ozone: produced when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust and air

         smog: produced when ozone and vehicle exhaust react with sunlight

    Examples  Primary or Secondary????smog, house dust, acid rain, pollen, soot, groundlevel ozone, volcanic ash

    Primary Secondaryhouse dust groundlevel ozonepollen smogvolcanic ash acid rainsoot

    Sources of HumanCaused Air PollutionIndustrial Air Pollution

    burning of fossil fuels causes large amount of airpollutants that do not have pollution controls

    Indoor Air PollutionLook at Figure 4  Sources of indoor pollution

    Ventilation mixing of indoor with outdoor air to reduceair pollution

    Plants that are effective at removing indoor air pollutants include:

    philodendrons, spider planzts,chrysanthemums,

    Acid Precipitationrain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentrationof acids

    when fossil fuels are burned without pollution controls, theyrelease sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide into the water in the atmosphere and create nitric acid and sulfuric acid

    Acid Precipitation on PlantsAcidification

    increase in acidity of soil due to acid rain

    causes nutrients to be dissolved

    Acid Precipitation on Forestsmost noticeable in Eastern Europe

    leaves do not develop

    Acid Precipitation on Aquatic Ecosystemsincreases acidity of lakes, streams, riversplants, animals, aquatic organisms may dieworse in spring due to snow melting

    Just a fact:The smell that you notice after a thunderstorm is probablythe smell of ozone from the lightning supplying energy tochange O2 to O3.

    Ozone Holehole over the Antarctic regionsCFC's destroying ozone by changing it into oxygen

    CFC's = Chlorofluorocarbon

    Air Pollution and HealthLook at chart on page 469.

    Clean Air Actpassed in 1970a law that give the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

    the authority to control the amount of air pollutants that can be released from any source

    scrubber  used to remove pollutants from a smokestack         before they are released into the atmosphere

  • Atmosphere.notebook

    6

    March 30, 2017

    Apr 811:41 AM

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    March 30, 2017

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