1. TeHurihanga Youth Offending Pilot Programme: A Preliminary Look at Progress Indicators Maria LudbrookClinical Leader, Te Hurihanga Dr Richard Etheredge Programme Psychologist, Te Hurihanga Dave Robertson Clinical Director, Youth Horizons Trust

2. What is it? Therapeutic and Bicultural Pilot Youth Horizons Provider Ministry of Justice Funder Raukura Waikato Iwi Partner 3.

Pilot Objectives:

• To provide specialist therapeutic intervention for young people and their families in order to:

• To Reduce Re-offending

• • • Frequency

• • • Severity

• To hold young people accountable for their

• offending

What is it? 4. Te Hurihanga Models

Risk-Needs-Responsivity (Andrews & Bonta)

RISK Match intensive intervention to those at high risk for re-offending

NEED - Target criminogenic needs (individual and systemic factors directly linked to crime)

RESPONSIVITY Deliver interventions in the style and mode that promotes engagement (matches learning styles, culture, and ability of participants).

Good Lives Model (Ward)

A more strengths based derivative of the RNR Model

Greater focus on the human needs that offender is attempting to achieve

5. Adaptation of the Good Lives Model Harakeke Model Self control Spirituality Rangatahi Relationships Whanau Wellbeing WairuatangaWhanaungatanga ArohaManaakitangaCommunity Mastery 6.

Target Group:

Males aged 14 to 17 years

Matters in the Youth or District Courts

Assessed as posing a high risk estimate for recidivism

Cognitive ability and psychiatric stability to benefit from programme

Family live within 60 minutes of residence and are willing and able to

participate for the duration of programme

Exclusion Criteria:

Charges forsexual offences, murder, or manslaughter

Excessive risk to other youth, staff, or the community

Co-offenders on programme

Who is it for? 7.

Provides stability and structure:

• Residential living, then supported community, then supported home

Builds motivation for life-style change:

• Youth experience a loss of freedom and weight of Justice System

• Youth experience an abundance of opportunity and assistance

Addresses risks for reoffending:

• Education and employment

• Leisure and recreation options

• Family systems (e.g., supervision, parenting practices)

• Peer systems

• Substance use

• Behavioural factors (e.g., self-regulation, attentional difficulties)

• Attitudes and orientation to crime

How does it work? 8. How does it work?Phase 1

Live in Residence

Engagement & motivation

Structure & Routines

Behaviour Mgmt System

On site School, Therapy, &

Cultural Classes

Self regulation skill acquisition

Family Work

Residence 3 - 6 MONTHS 9. How does it work?Phase 1 Phase 2

Live in Residence

Engagement & motivation

Structure & Routines

Behaviour Mgmt System

On site School, Therapy, &

Cultural Classes

Self regulation skill acquisition

Family Work

Live in Residence

Transition into School, Course,

Employment, Recreation in

the Community

Increasing Home Leave

Progressive handover to

family/whaanau

Family Work

Residence 3 - 6 MONTHS Transition 3 - 6 MONTHS 10. How does it work?Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

Live in Residence

Engagement & motivation

Structure & Routines

Behaviour Mgmt System

On site School, Therapy, &

Cultural Classes

Self regulation skill acquisition

Family Work

Live in Residence

Transition into School, Course,

Employment, Recreation in

the Community

Increasing Home Leave

Progressive handover to

family/whaanau

Family Work

Return to live at Home

Intensive 24/7

interventions with

family & wider systems

Multi-Systemic Therapy

(MST)(Now: FFT)

Residence 3 - 6 MONTHS Transition 3 - 6 MONTHS Community 3 - 6 MONTHS 11. Te Hurihanga: Therapeutic Home Non-secure, 8-bed,residence: Hamilton. 12. Who has entered to date? Ethnicity 17 6% 6% 6% 6% 24% 41% 88% 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 Aust. Tahitian Chinese Samoan Cook Is. M. NZ Euro. NZ Maaori YOUTH 13. Who has entered to date? 20 youth: Data from first 17 *7 of 8 youth tested from youths number 10 to 17; the 8 thyouth is predicted to marginally lift statistics.Testing all youth from number 10 onwards. SeriousnessRating Cum. av. adult sentence length 1412 days 291 to 4505 days Verbal Comprehension 8:6 - 12:10 years age equiv. (7:10 - 8:10) to (13:10 - >16:10) Verbal Comprehension 75 63 to 102 Borderline Ext. low to Av. FSIQ 73 68 to 98 Borderline Ext. low to Av. Cog. Func: N=7* Median: Range: Qual. Median: Qual. Range: Versatility(charged) Moderate Low to High Seriousness Rating Maximum 218 days 92 to 1119 days Max Seriousness Moderate Low to High Prior Offences 22 6 to 48 Offending: N=17Median: Range: 14. Who has entered to date? Table:Pre-Intake Mental Health or Health-related ConcernN=17 12 % Anxiety Symptoms6 % Other Mental Health Symptoms 12 % Physical Illness or Disability24 % Trauma Symptoms 12 % Other Non-Accidental Self Injury (No Suicide Intent)41 % Suicide Ideation, Intent, or Attempt12 % Depression88 % Drug and/or Alcohol Misuse41 % Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 100 % Conduct Disorder 15. Who has entered to date? Table: Pre-Intake Family Circumstances N= 17 53 % Youth Residential (Bail or Sentence) 65 % Youth Out of home placement 59 % Family A & D 70 % Family Convictions (parent/elder sibling) 100 % Inconsistent Parenting 100 % Inadequate Parental Supervision 88 % Notification to CYF 100 % Domestic Violence 16. Preliminary Progress Indicators: End of Year 2 of Pilot

Number of Offences (Pre, During, Post Programme)

Rates of Offending (Pre, During, Post Programme)

Severity of Offending (Pre, During, Post Programme)

Estimates of Risk for Re-Offending using YLS/CMI (Entry and Exit Results)

17. Number of Offences(Pre, During, Post)Figure: The number of offences committed by each youth pre-, during-, and post programme. 18. Rates of Offending(Pre, During, Post) Figure: The rate of offending, given as an average number of offences per month,foreach youth pre-, during-, and post programme. 19. Rate of Charged Offending: End of Year 2 of Pilot Rate of Offending: Average Number of Offences per Month 0 0 N = 5 0.4 0 1.6 N = 5 0.1 0 0.5 N = 5 0 0 0 N = 5 2.3 0.6 4.2 N = 5 Av. offences / month: Range: Did Complete Programme: 0.5 0 1.9 N = 5 0.7 0.7 N = 1 0.3 0 1.1 N = 4 0.5 0 1.7 N = 5 1.0 0.25 1.9 N = 5 Av. offences / month: Range: Did Not Complete Prog: Post-Prog Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 Pre-Prog 20. Severity Offending (Pre, During, Post) Figure: The highest severity category for offending for each youth pre-, during-, and post programme. NB: Severity ratings are based on Dept of Corrections Scale. 21.

A method of estimating risk for reoffending

Youth assessed 1. at intake, 2. return to home, 3. exit from prog.

Identifies 42 risk factors for reoffending, grouped as follows:

• Prior and current offences/dispositions 5 factors

• Family circumstances/parenting 6 factors

• Education/employment 7 factors

• Peer relations 4 factors

• Substance abuse 5 factors

• Leisure/recreation 3 factors

• Personality/behaviour 7 factors

• Attitudes/orientation 5 factors

Youth Level of Service / Case Management Inventory 22. Youth Level of Service / Case Management Inventory 20% 0% Risk Estimate Unchanged 40% 0% Risk Estimate Increased 40% 100% Risk Estimate Reduced Programme Early Exit Programme Completers Percentage of Youth Whose YLS/CMI Total Score Reduced Versus Increased; Differentiated by Completion of the Programme. 3% reduction in risk factors endorsed 24% reduction in risk factors endorsed Average Change: Programme Early Exit Programme Completers Average Change in YLS/CMI Total Score as a Percentage of The Maximum Score. 23. Youth Level of Service / Case Management Inventory 70%of risk factors endorsed 50 to 86% 46%of risk factors endorsed 33 to 62% Exit: Average:Range: 64%of risk factors endorsed 64 to 64% (Only one youth) 49%of risk factors endorsed 40 to 71% End of Phase 2: Average:Range: 73%of risk factors endorsed 60 to 81% 70%of risk factors endorsed 64 to 74% Intake: Average:Range: Programme Early Exit Programme Completers Average and Range of YLS/CMI Total Scores, as a Percentage of The Maximum Risk Rating, at Intake, End of Phase 2, and Exit. 24. Risk for Re-offending Estimate Using YLS/CMIfor Completers and Current Participants Figure: Plot of YLS/CMI Total Scores expressed as a percentage of maximum score possible. Scoresat intake, end of Phase 2, and completion for youth who had completed programme NB: YLS/CMI = Youth Level of Service /Case Management Inventory. 25. Risk for Re-offending Estimate Using YLS/CMIfor Early Exits Figure: Plot of YLS/CMI Total Scores expressed as a percentage of maximum score possible. Scoresat intake, end of Phase 2, and at exit for youth who had prematurely exited programme NB: YLS/CMI = Youth Level of Service /Case Management Inventory. 26. NB: Youth Level of Service / Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) Reduction in Risk Estimate as aPercentage of Maximum Risk Using YLS/CMI 27. YLS/CMI:Figure: Programme completers: Proportional contributions to total YLS/CMI change by risk area.Total change was a reduction in endorsed risk factors by 24% of available factors. 28. YLS/CMI:Figure: Programme Early Exiters: Proportional contributions to total YLS/CMI change by risk area.Total change was a reduction in endorsed risk factors by 3% of available factors. 29. Te Hurihanga Turning Point 30. Appendices 31. Completers: Single Case Offending Per Month 32. Completers: Single Case Offending Per Month 33. Completers: Single Case Offending Per Month 34. Current Participants: Offending Per Month 35. Current Participants: Offending Per Month 36. Current Participants: Offending Per Month 37. Current Participants: Offending Per Month 38. Early Exits: Offending Per Month 39. Early Exits: Offending Per Month 40. Early Exits: Offending Per Month 41. Te Hurihanga Turning Point