marijuana legalization risks and strategies
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Marijuana Legalization:Risks and Strategies
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Trends in drug useCurrent use among persons 12 and older: 2012
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
52.10%
26.70%
7.30%
Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana
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Legalization Timeline2008
Michigan Medical Marijuana Act Passes
2012 2013
Decriminalizationin Lansing, Ferndale, Jackson
2014
Decriminalization in Ann Arbor
1972 2004
Ann Arbor Medical Marijuana Initiative
Decriminalization in Flint, Detroit, Grand Rapids, Ypsilanti
Decriminal-ization in Oak Park, Hazel Park, Berkley, H.W., P.R., Mt. Pleasant, Saginaw, Port Huron
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Marijuana Use: Past 30 DaysOakland County (MiPHY) – 7th Grade
2008 2010 2012 20140123456789
10
1.4
2.9
1.7 2.1
Past 30 Day Marijuana Use
Year
Perc
ent
• After the legalization of Marijuana (2010), 7th grade Oakland county students were 2 times more likely to have used marijuana in the past 30 days than before the legalization of medical marijuana (2008).
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Perception of Harm for MarijuanaOakland County (MiPHY) – 7th Grade
2008 2010 2012 20140
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
83.2 79.2 79.473.4
Marijuana Use Moderate or Great Risk
Year
Perc
ent
• 7th grade students in Oakland County were 1.8 times more likely to report regular marijuana use as a moderate or great risk in 2008 than in 2014.
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Marijuana Use: Past 30 Days (MiPHY) 9th and 11th Grade
2008 2010 2012 20140
5
10
15
20
25
30
15.1
19.2 19.716.6
Past 30 Day Marijuana Use
Year
Perc
ent
• The percent of 9th and 11th grade Oakland County students in 2014 who report having used marijuana in the past 30 days is not statistically different from the percent reported having used before medical marijuana was legalized (2008).
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Perception of Harm for MarijuanaOakland County (MiPHY) – Grades 9 & 11
2008 2010 2012 20140
102030405060708090
100
7264.3
58.749.5
Regular Marijuana UseModerate or Great Risk
Year
Perc
ent
• 9th and 11th grade students in Oakland County in 2014 were 2.5 times less likely to report regular marijuana use to be a moderate or great risk than before the legalization of medical marijuana in Michigan (2008).
* The regular marijuana use question is asked slightly different in 2014 than previous years (regular use versus once or twice a week).
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‘Big Marijuana’
Can we trust companies and big Corporations not to target
youth and the vulnerable?
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Big Tobacco = Big Business- Rely on addiction for profit- Prey on disadvantaged
communities
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Long-time MarijuanaActivists and Investors
Steve DeAngelo owns the Harborside Health Center in California with annual sales over $30 million. He is also the President of the Arcview Group.
Troy Dayton is the CEO of the Arcview group, which is a venture capital group focused on legal marijuana business investments.
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So What’s Happeningin Colorado?
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Track, track, track!
www.legalizationviolations.com
Reporting car crashes, youth use, advertising, workplace and other costs
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Nussbaum et al., Am J Psychiatry 168:778-781
2008
1st stores
2009
700 stores3.5% adults have MMJ license
2012
Legalized
2014
Stores open
Medical Marijuana passes
2001 2005
Denver legalizes
Colorado Legalization
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Traffic Fatalities + for Marijuana
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U.S. Postal Inspection Service- parcel packages intercepted
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Marijuana Taxes
Projected Jan '14 -June '14 Actual Jan. '14 - June '140
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
33,500,000
12,000,000
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• Legislative economists in 2012 estimated the sales and excise taxes on retail pot would bring in $67 million in the 2014-15 fiscal year, and in March, they dropped that estimate to $54 million. Now they have dropped that estimate even further – to $30.6 million. (Colorado Fiscal Institute)
• Money is mainly going to help prevent harms of increased use under the new policy - $103.5 million of proposed tax revenue earmarked for prevention/treatment/education over 2-year period.
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Early Indications in Colorado
• When asked, 10% of non-using youth said they would use, according to 10,000-student survey by an NYU researcher, published in peer-reviewed journal (Palamar et al, International Journal of Drug Policy)
• “Students Find Way to Sneak Marijuana Into Class”• “Colorado students who ingested marijuana edibles
treated at hospital”• “Marijuana candy at Colorado middle school”• “Marijuana superstore proposed in Eagle, Colorado”
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Increased teen use
Marijuana use among Colorado teens is currently:• fifth highest in the nation
• 50% above national average
10.7%
7.6%Colorado
National averageNSDUH, 2013
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Distribution to minors
2007-2009 2010-2012
Chart TitleDrug-related referrals for high school students testing positive for marijuana increased
Average of 17.3% per year between 2010 to 2012
Average 5.6% of students per year between 2007 and 2009
Rose by over 150%
Rocky Mountain HIDTA, 2013
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Distribution to minors
In 2007, tests positive for marijuana made up 33% of the total drug
screenings, by 2012 that number increased to 57%
Rocky Mountain HIDTA, 2013
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Long-term, regular use of marijuana—starting in the teen years—may impair brain development and lower IQ, meaning the brain may not reach its full potential.
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Harmful effects onmental health
Increased risk of mental illness• Schizophrenia (6 fold)• Psychosis• Depression• Anxiety
Andréasson S, Allebeck P, Engström A, Rydberg U. , 1987; Arseneault, L., 2002
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Increased Potency
Today’s marijuana is not the marijuana of the 1960s.
In the past 15 years, marijuana potency has tripled and since 1960
it has grown 5 times stronger.
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Medical marijuana is easily diverted to youth
• Teens who know somebody with a medical marijuana license are more like than those who don’t to report ‘fairly’ or ‘very’ easy access to marijuana
• 74% of Denver-area teens in treatment said they used somebody else’s medical marijuana an average of 50 times
Thurstone, 2013; Salomonsen-Sautel et al., 2012
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While the total number of car crashes declined from 2007 to 2011, the number of fatal car crashes with drivers testing positive for marijuana rose sharply.
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850Total car crashes
2007 2008 2009 2010 201115
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Crashes with high drivers
Colorado Dept. of Transportation
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Increased ER admissionsRise in marijuana-related ER visits from 2006 and 2012:
Under 5 6 to 12 13 to 14
200%
60%
92%
Chart Title
• 200% for kids under 5
• 60% for kids 6-12
• 92% for kids 13-14
Rocky Mountain HIDTA, 2013
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According to a special report by
NBC News, the Animal Poison Control Center
has reported a 30 percent jump in the number
of calls reporting house pets suffering from
marijuana poisoning. The center said that
since 2009 these phone calls have risen from
213 to 320.Rocky Mountain HIDTA Vol. 2/August 2014
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Colorado in 2014
• Colorado allowed retail sales to begin on January 1st
• Several stores opened for business
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How did the first week go?
• Colorado marijuana store owner declares that the “high school senior” is his ideal target customer.
• State of Colorado is supposed to be IDing/tagging marijuana plants – but they weren’t ready on Day 1; sales went on anyway.
• Colorado marijuana already going to neighbor states as documented by users on Reddit.com
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Tackling the issue- Both Alcohol and Marijuana have risks
associated with use- Liver Problems? Alcohol- Violence? Alcohol- Lung issues? Marijuana- IQ, school performance? Marijuana - Driving? Both
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What is the point?
Alcohol policy is broken; but if your right arm is broken, Do you break your left one in
order to be consistent?
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CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE?
NEITHER CAN YOUR KIDS.
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“We don’t want another Big Tobacco.”
“Colorado is not going well.”
“Legalization brings with it marijuana candies and sodas that target kids.”
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