International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2009 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

November | December 2011

Feature title: Marine based protein hydrolysate improve the performance of feeds containing a low level of fish meal

The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

During the last 20 years, fishmeal and fish oil replacement has become a major concern for the

aquafeed industry to anticipate the exceptional aquaculture growth and the lack of marine raw materials availability forecasted for the coming years.

The dietary level of fishmeal remains a key driver of the feed performance, affect-ing feed palatability and feed utilization.

Year after year, the level of fishmeal in feeds designed for carnivorous species tends to decrease and is closed to reach a critical level for growth and feed utilisation. Plant and land-based feedstuffs are now commonly used in aquafeed formulations with success as an alternative to fishmeal but many studies have shown that balancing the dietary amino acid profile of plant rich diets to meet the fish amino acid requirements is not enough efficient to get satisfying fish and feed performances.

Fish are highly responsive to the low molecular weight nitrogen compounds coming from marine raw materials. They stimulate feed intake, growth and immune system.

Plant-based and land-based raw materi-als are poor in these highly soluble com-pounds which could explain their lack of performance when used at a high level of incorporation in diets. A solution to balance the level of soluble compounds and the feed protein molecular weight profile would be the incorporation of an adequate level of marine based protein hydrolysate.

Aquativ is specialised in the production of protein hydrolysate from raw materials from different origin through controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. The core expertise of Aquativ makes possible to closely control the size of peptides generated during the process to reach the highest performance.

Many studies have been conducted by Aquativ to demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of hydrolysate at graded dietary level of fish meal. Some results are presented below.

Materials and methodsThree diets have been formulated

to contain a graded level of fish meal (five percent, 10 percent and 20 percent, corresponding to diets FM5, FM10 and FM20 respectively) while meeting all the dietary requirements for European seabass (see Table 1). A fourth diet (FM5 + 5%MH) was formu-lated from the diet FM10, five percent powder marine hydrolysate replacing five percent fishmeal, both raw materi-als having the same nutritional profile (CP: 65 percent protein; crude fat: 12 percent). All the feeds had the following specifications: crude protein: 46±0.5 percent, crude fat: 16±0.5 percent, crude energy: 4900±50kcal/kg.

The trial was conducted in the experimental flow-through facilities of IFREMER, centre de Brest, France. Seawater (salinity: 35g/l) was filtered (high pressure sand filter) and ther-moregulated (water temperature: 20 ± 1°C). Triplicate groups of 40 juvenile European seabass (initial mean body weight: 7.6±0.1g) were reared in 24 tanks of 80 one capacity (flow rate: three litres per minute; photoperiod: 12 hours light: 12 hours dark).

Three tanks were allotted at ran-dom to each diet.

The diets were distributed in excess to the fish, by automatic feeder (Arvotech, Finland), 10 times a day, for 56 days.

Uneaten feed were collected every day by home-made feed waste collectors, pooled and kept frozen till the end of the trial. Fish were counted and weighted at the beginning of the trial, every four weeks and at the end of the trial. Before every weighing, fish were fasted for 24 hours. Survival was daily checked. Dead fish were counted and weighed.

Over the growth period, the fol-lowing parameters were followed and calculated: survival, specific growth rate, voluntary feed intake and feed efficiency.

All data were analyzed by one-way analy-sis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher

test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.

Results and discussionNo significant difference in fish survival

was noticed at the end of the trial. Feed

Marine based protein hydrolysateimprove the performance of feeds containing a low level of fish meal

by V Fournier, M Herault, M Hervy, Aquativ, ZA du Gohélis56250 Elven, France, Email: vfournier@diana-aqua.com

Figure 1: Feed intake in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

Figure 2: Growth performance in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

Figure 3: Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in European seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days

Figure 4: Level of soluble protein and protein molecular weight profile (MW, % of soluble protein) of fishmeal and marine hydrolysate

20 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011 november-December 2011 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 21

F: Protein hydrolysate

IAF11.06.indd 20 04/11/2011 08:41

intake was not significantly influenced by the feed treatments (see Figure1).

After 56 days of trial, the growth per-formance was significantly decreased (see Figure 2) in fish fed the feed containing the lowest level of fishmeal (FM5).

This result is mainly explained by a signifi-cant deterioration of the feed utilisation while the dietary fishmeal decreased (see Figure 3). Interestingly, the application of five percent marine hydrolysate allowed restoration of the growth performance at the same level than

the feed containing the highest level of fish meal (FM20).

This gain is explained by an improvement of the feed utilisation compared to the treatments with no hydrolysate (FM5). In the same way, the substitution of five percent fishmeal by five percent of hydro-lysate in the treatment FM10 resulted in a better feed utilisation but not significant.

If the marine hydro-lysate and fishmeal have

very closed amino acid profiles (see Figure 3), the analysis of the protein quality of both raw materials showed that the soluble protein and peptide contribution are higher for the marine hydrolysate (see Figure 4).

The dietary inclusion of a high level of peptide had a clear positive effect on the feed utilization by the animal, demonstrat-ing the importance of the protein molecu-lar weight profile in the performance of raw materials and finished feeds

ConclusionsProtein hydrolysates represent key

ingredients to sustain the development of highly substituted fish meal feeds. It could enhance significantly the feed nutri-tional value, providing a high level of essential small soluble compounds not found in most of the non marine origin raw materials.

Amino acids profile of a Marine hydrolysate and a Fishmeal LT (% of product)

20 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011 november-December 2011 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 21

F: Protein hydrolysateTable 1: Feed formulations

Raw materials FM5 FM10 FM20 FM5 + 5%MH

Fish meal LT 5.00 10.00 20.00 5.00

Marine hydrolysate 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00

Corn gluten meal 17.00 15.00 12.00 15.00

Wheat gluten meal 19.71 18.92 13.00 18.92

Rapeseed meal 11.15 9.00 7.00 9.00

Soyben meal (48 CP) 17.00 15.00 13.00 15.00

Wheat meal 10.00 12.83 17.68 12.83

DL methionine 0.57 0.53 0.47 0.53

Lysine HCL 1.58 1.44 1.09 1.44

Monocalcium phosphate 2.48 2.08 1.19 2.08

Fish oil 13.20 12.88 12.26 12.88

Premix 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31

Improvementby nature

Natural (hydrolyzed) proteins for aqua feed

Whether you’re looking for a natural EU and USDA approved pellet binder for your

production of stable pellets or nature’s best alternatives for fi sh meal, you can contact Sonac.

Sonac produces valuable and essential ingredients for the production of aqua feed.

• Pro-Bind Plus a nutritional, gelatin based pellet binder, especially for pelleted (shrimp) feed.

• Gelko an ideal combination of hydrolyzed proteins and fat (68% protein, 18% fat).

• MucoPro high content of hydrolyzed proteins, amino acids and peptides (>70% protein).

• Hemoglobin Powder high protein content and good digestibility, for better feed conversion.

IAF11.06.indd 21 04/11/2011 08:41

18 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011

HeadquartersEvonik Industries AGHealth & Nutritionfeed additives Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germanyphone +49 6181 59-2256 fax +49 6181 59-6734

Europe & Middle East Africa +49 6181 59-6766Latin America +49 6181 59-6761North America +1 678 797-4300Asia North +86 10 85 27-6400Asia South +65 6890-6861

Amino AcidsChoosing the right nutrients for your Aquafeed

Our amino acids help to•  replace costly and scarce raw materials •  improve protein balance and production efficiency •  reduce environmental pollution

feed-additives@evonik.com | www.evonik.com/feed-additives

11-01-377 vND AZ Aquaculture A4 us.indd 1 27.10.11 16:58IAF11.06.indd 19 04/11/2011 08:41

EDITOR’S DESK

WELC

OM

E TO

INTE

RN

ATIO

NA

L AQ

UA

FEED

MA

GA

ZIN

E

2 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011

in Molde, NorwayWelcome to ISFNF 2012

Key areas:

■ Sustainable resources

■ Health, welfare and ethics

■ New methods and working-tools

■ Feed technology and feeding regime

■ Nutrigenomics

■ ‘omics’ data and system biology models

■ Nutritoxicology

■ Nutrition in whole life cycle

Please submit your abstract at www.isfnf.org by 20th January 2012

Welcome to Molde in 2012 for the 15th consecutive International Symposium of Fish Nutrition and Feeding 4-7. June 2012

Some conference ingredients:

■ Get updated on the latest research on fi sh nutrition and feeding

■ Mingle with the 500 leading fi sh nutritionists in the world

■ Pre symposium tour to visit industry

■ 4 post symposium sight seeing tours in the beautiful coastal fjords

Phot

ogra

ph ©

Fre

d Jo

nny

Ham

mer

oePh

otog

raph

© T

erje

Rak

ke

Nofi ma will host the event along with the Aquaculture Protein Centre (APC), the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science (NVH) and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB).

AD_Nofima_210x297+3.indd 1 01/11/2011 09:19IAF11.06.indd 3 04/11/2011 08:40

www.aquafeed.co.uk

LINKS• Seethefullissue• VisittheInternationalAquafeedwebsite

• ContacttheInternationalAquafeedTeam

• SubscribetoInternationalAquafeed

VOLUME 14 I S SUE 6 2 011

THE INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED INDUSTRY

BioMarine Business Convention

Ecobiol Aqua– A unique and highly effective single strain probiotic

Evaluation of probiotic bacteria in tilapia production

Marine based protein hydrolysate- Improve the performance of feeds containing

a low level of fish meal

IAF11.06.indd 1 04/11/2011 08:40

Thisdigitalre-printispartoftheNovember|December2011editionofInternationalAquafeedmagazine.Contentfromthemagazineisavailabletoviewfree-of-charge,bothasafullonlinemagazineonourwebsite,andasanarchiveofindividualfeaturesonthedocstocwebsite.Pleaseclickheretoviewourotherpublicationsonwww.docstoc.com.

Topurchaseapapercopyofthemagazine,ortosubscribetothepapereditionpleasecontactourCirculationandSubscriptionsManageronthelinkabove.

INFORMATIONFORADVERTISERS-CLICKHERE