marine cartography as a management tool

MARINE CARTOGRAPHYMARINE CARTOGRAPHY

MARINE CARTOGRAPHY MARINE CARTOGRAPHY AS A MANAGEMENT TOOLAS A MANAGEMENT TOOLAS A MANAGEMENT TOOLAS A MANAGEMENT TOOL


OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OF THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF THE SEA

OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS OF THE GENERAL SECRETARIAT OF THE SEA


VIZCONDE DE EZA

Characteristics

Overall Length 53 meters

Breadth 13 meters

7,55 metersfreeboard deck pillar

7,55 meters

Power1.800

horsepower

Moulded draught 4,5 meters

Tonnage 1.400 GT ’s

Speed at 100% power 13 knots


EMMA BARDÁNEMMA BARDÁNCharacteristics


Breadth 7,5 meters

freeboard deck pillar 3,9 metersfreeboard deck pillar 3,9 meters

Power900

horsepower


Tonnage 200 GT ’s



MIGUEL OLIVER

Characteristics


Breadth 14,4 meters

freeboard deck pillar 5,8 metersfreeboard deck pillar 5,8 meters

Power2720

horsepower


Tonnage 2495 GT ’s



PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT:

The aim of the project for the study of the Spanish

Slope and the Continental Shelf is the detailed

mapping, along with combined seismic studies and

the sampling of the seabed, in order to acquire

systematic and detailed information about

bathymetry, bottom quality, morphology and

bionomics of the continental shelf and slope.


The systematic investigation of the characteristics of the seabed

requires the use of indirect methods of data acquisition, such as

Multibeam Echosounder and Parametric Sub Bottom Profiler, as

well as sampling survey and direct observations of the bottom

of the sea.

METHODOLOGY:METHODOLOGY:


INDIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION

This kind of echosounder provides information about bathymetry (depth) and reflectivity of the bottom, which will allow to identify the different composition of the bottom. This is a high-

resolution system that calculates the depth by transmitting acoustic pulses.

The multibeam echosounder emits multiple beams of acoustic pulses that enables to scan the bottom of the sea in the navigation direction, ensuring 100% coverage of the survey area. The swept area increases with depth.

MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER MULTIBEAM ECHOSOUNDER


INDIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION

PARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILER PARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILER

The Parametric Sub Bottom Profiler makes possible to see the subsurface structure andto know the composition and distribution of the different materials of the seabed.


Since the parametric acoustic signal is transmitted with low frequency, is able topenetrate the bottom, and outline with high resolution the surface structure, givinginformation about the distribution of geologic features existing in the seabed.

ANCINET REEFS GENERATED BY SILICA SPONGES IN ICE

PARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILERPARAMETRIC SUB BOTTOM PROFILER

BY SILICA SPONGES IN ICE AGE

submarine channel

TRACES OF GAS LEAK


ROV (Remote Operated Vehicle)

The ROV is an underwater robot connected to the vessel by a cable that transmites energy and orders.

Through the cable are also transmitted

DIRECT METHODS OF DATA ACQUISITION

Up to 450 m depth

Through the cable are also transmitted images from the ROV camera.


Underwater Camera

Gorgonians, sponges and brittle stars


Up to 2.000 m depth


Underwater video transects with towed underwater video camera are used for the biological characterization. The images are displayed instantly on board and are videotaped. Posidonia Oceanica meadows. Underwater

Towed video camera


Posidonia Oceanica meadows. Underwater video image. Region of Murcia


Dredges


The use of dredges enables to obtain bottom samples, which allows to obtain data of the seabed through physical contact with it. Depending on the kind of bottom, a different dredge is used. The sample is representative of the environment surrounding the sampling point.

soft and semiconsolidated sediments

Rock samplessediment column


These dredges are formed by a rectangularmetal frame attached to a net. While navigatingby dragging on the seabed, the metal mouthshatters rock fragments that are deposited insidethe net and then collected on the surface to raisethe dredge.


The Box Corer is used to take samples of soft or semiconsolidated sediments andis activated by collision with the bottom in a fast fall. At the moment of theimpact, a lid is pulled in a way that locks the box so it collects the sediment thatis trapped under the dredge.


The dredger Shipeck, is a heavy rigid object activated by collision with the bottom in a fast fall. At the moment of the impact, a cup is placed upside down on the surface, with the open side directed to the bottom, and suddenly turning in a way that collects the sediment that is under the dredge.


After the treatment and processing of all the information collected onthe oceanographic research surveys, the data are incorporated into aGeographic Information System (GIS), which integrates, stores, edits, analyzesand displays all the geographically referenced information.

Information layers are generated from the information stored in GIS:

Geomorfología

information stored in GIS: bathymetry, reflectivity, terrain shading, slope, geomorphology, seabed kind and bionomics.

PendientesSombreado del terrenoReflectividadGeomorfologíaBatimetría


With this information is possible to generate digital terra in models andthematic maps of the seabed kind, bathymetry, seagrass dist ribution anduses of the marine environment, providing valuable informa tion forapplication both in research and in engineering works.


The information obtained is vital for the sustainable management of the

resources:

Protected areas of lay and nursery

Delimitation of Marine Reserves

Beach regeneration

Identification of marine habitats


ESRI TechnologyESRI Technology• The ESRI technology help us to make the most of the results of our work in an efficiently way.

• When we organize a new oceanographic´s work, we use the ArcGIS tools to evaluate the number of days that we will work and to determinate which areas will be studied. For this work we use some ArcGIS online base maps, like the Oceans map or Imagery map. These base maps are very important to fix a geographic context to our work.

• We can store our data in a geodatabase with their own georeferencing systems and then work with them on ArcMap.

• With ArcMap we can create cartographic map series, thematic cartography and with the 3D Analyst and Spatial Analyst extensions we can elaborate digital elevation models, hillshades and slope models. We can also create and edit new feature classes that include new elaborated data.

• With ArcGlobe we can build 3D scenes to show the resulting information in a spectacular way.

• The ArcGIS data formats are almost a standard, so we can share our scientific knowledge with different entities and agencies.


Posidonia Oceanica meadows

Posidonia oceanica

BionomicsRESULTS

Cymodocea nodosa Anthropic: dredgings


Fault

RESULTADOS

Interpretation of the morphology of the seabed

Seabed mapRed:Shallow (140 m)Blue: Deep (1500)

underwater channel meander


RESULTADOSInterpretación de la morfología del fondo

Submarine canyonsSubmarine canyonsSubmarine canyonsSubmarine canyons

location of wreckslocation of wrecks


CartographyRESULTS

Banco de la Concepción Digital Terrain Model


Cartography

Mussel Raft

RESULTS

Islas Atlánticas

Ría de Vigo

Mussel Raft

Pontevedra

Mussel Raft


Cartography

Continuous digital model of the Mediterranean SoutheastContinuous digital model of the Mediterranean Southeast

RESULTS

the Mediterranean Southeastthe Mediterranean Southeast


UNDERWATER FLYINGUNDERWATER FLYING

marine cartography as a management tool

Technology

marine cartographyvizconde

marine cartographyafter

marine cartographypurpose

marine cartography methodology

seabed kind

referenced information

information layers

bathymetry depth