marine macroalgae
DESCRIPTION
Marine Macroalgae. Primary Producers. Prokaryotes (photosynthetic & chemosynthetic) Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Eukaryotes (photosynthetic) Kingdom Protista Unicellular algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids) Multicellular algae (green, brown, red) Kingdom Plantae - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Marine Macroalgae
Primary Producers Prokaryotes (photosynthetic & chemosynthetic)
Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea
Eukaryotes (photosynthetic) Kingdom Protista
Unicellular algae (diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids)
Multicellular algae (green, brown, red) Kingdom Plantae
Seagrasses Salt marsh plants Mangroves
Macroalgae
Are not plants (are in Kingdom Protista)
http://atlasveg.ib.usp.br/English/focara.html
Macroalgae
Bull kelp, Washington
Macroalgae
Three kinds: Chlorophyta (green) Phaeophyta (brown) Rhodophyta (red)
http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mex/background/seaweeds/seaweeds.html
Chlorophytes
Mostly freshwater (only 10% species are marine) Chlorophyll a & b
← Sea lettuce (Ulva)
Gutweed (Enteromorpha)
Dead Man’s Fingers (Codium)
Long Islandtypes
http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu:8080/FlaxPondDigitalLibrary/2004/images/FPDL20040094.jpg
Bubble green algae
Chlorophytes
http://ocean.si.edu/sites/default/files/imagecache/750xX/photos/Ventricaria-ventricosaFS_1.jpg
http://www.wetwebmedia.com/Algae%20and%20Plt%20Pix/Green%20Algae/Dictyospheria/dicty.jpg
Calcareous green algae: Acetabularia,Penicillus, Halimeda
http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~scharler/mangnets/SppListMAcroAlgae.htm
http://coexploration.org/bbsr/coral/assets/images/acetabularia.jpg
Chlorophytes
Calcareous green algae plates become large part of sediment
Chlorophytes
http://coralreefsystems.org/sites/coralreefsystems.org/files/u8/halimeda_sand_350.jpg
http://coralreefsystems.org/sites/coralreefsystems.org/files/u8/halimeda-opuntia2_350.jpg
Chlorophyll a & c, fucoxanthin (yellow-brown pigment) Almost all species are marine Most live in temperate to cold water
Phaeophytes
Rockweed (Fucus) Knotted wrack (Ascophyllum)http://www.biolib.cz/IMG/GAL/41979.jpg
Phaeophytes
Gulfweed (Sargassum) and Sargasso Sea
http://www.bigelow.org/bacteria/teach/images/open_orgs/sargassum.jpghttp://www.nhm.ac.uk/resources-rx/images/1008/wireweed-close-up-490_35195_1.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/31124758@N00/37043533/lightbox/ http://floridasportfishing.com/magazine/images/stories/tips-tales/weedline-wonders3.jpg
Phaeophytes
Gulfweed (Sargassum) inhabitants
http://ocean.si.edu/slideshow/world-adrift-life-sargassum
Kelp Communities
North Atlantic kelps:
Blades up to 40 ft long in deeper water Found in lower intertidal and subtidal zones
Kelp Communities
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Galleries/weedgallery.htm
Kelp Communities
US West Coast and elsewhere – giant kelp (Macrocystis)
gas sacs – pneumatocysts
Kelp Communities
Stipes to up to 100 m length (330 ft) Grow fast, up to 50 cm/day (=20 in/day) Blades, stipes form canopy when reach the surface – blocks light below
Kelp Communities
Kelp Communities
http://blackcormorant.blogs.com/photos/uncategorized/kelpurchins_415_030.jpghttp://www.otterproject.org/atf/cf/%7B1032ABCB-19F9-4CB6-8364-2F74F73B3013%7D/Otter_image4.jpg
Kelp Communities
http://sbc.lternet.edu/sites/biome_kelpforest.html
When otter populations decline, urchins increase Urchins overgraze, cut through holdfasts, stipes Kelp sent adrift, strand on beach Bottom left barren
More species than green and brown algae combined Almost all species are marine More in subtropics and tropics Chlorophyll a & d, phycobilins (red pigment)
Rhodophytes
http://www.freakinfucus.co.uk/primers/thumbs/chon_2.jpg
Irish moss (Chondrus)
(Gracilaria)
Shallow to deep (200m)
Rhodophytes
75m (225 ft) 100m (300 ft)
NOAA
Coralline/calcareous (CaCO3) – erect and encrusting forms
Rhodophytes
http://www.saltwater-aquarium-online-guide.com/image-files/coralline.jpg
NOAA
Coralline/calcareous (CaCO3) – Goniolithon shoals
Rhodophytes
http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5068/5645284780_27bf5a99f6_b.jpg
Food – raw, cooked, dry Laver (Porphyra) – nori in sushi Dulse (Palmaria) - dried Wakame – seaweed salad, miso soup
Important Algae
http://www.algaebase.org
http://landsofwisdom.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/dulse.jpg
http://www.seaweedsalad.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/10/files/2012/01/japanese-seaweed-salad.jpg
Commercial uses - stabilize, emulsify, thicken
Algin, alginate from giant kelp Carrageenan from Irish moss Agar from various red algae
Important Algae
http://www.functionalps.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/b.jpghttp://site.innovationestore.com/images/image-310.php?id=70200748229