marine mammals: part 4
DESCRIPTION
Marine Mammals: Part 4. Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 10. Order Cetacea Suborder Odontoceti. Teeth Simple teeth Single roots conical crowns Increase # of teeth (some) Some with highly derived teeth or secondary loss of teeth Example: sperm whales. Scrimshaw ; Robert Schoen. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Marine Mammals:Part 4
Marine Vertebrates: Lecture 10
![Page 2: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Order CetaceaSuborder Odontoceti
• Teeth Simple teeth
• Single roots • conical crowns
Increase # of teeth (some)
Some with highly derived teeth or secondary loss of teeth • Example: sperm
whales
Scrimshaw; Robert Schoen
Pygmy sperm jaw; Arizona dry bones
![Page 3: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Physeteridae, sperm whales
Sperm WhaleArtist unknown
• Distribution
• Physical characteristics
Head Fins Body size
• Spermaceti organ
• Feeding ecology
• Conservation Most hunted whale
• Why so valuable?
![Page 4: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Kogiidae, pygmy sperm whale
Pygmy Sperm WhaleT. Komakko
• Similar head and oil as sperm whale• Not as large, and also not as elongate• Similar diet as sperm whales
Use of bioluminescent squid ink as defense!
![Page 5: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Order Cetacea, Suborder OdontocetiFamily Monodontidae, narwhals and belugas
NarwhalA. Martin
BelugaU.S. Navy
![Page 6: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Order Cetacea, Suborder OdontocetiFamily Monodontidae, narwhals and belugas• Distribution
Circumpolar, arctic only Migrations linked to advance and retreat
of the pack ice.
• Physical characteristics Small whales, up to ~5m Blunt head, small mouth, no dorsal fin,
small pectorals Narwhal’s tusk (♂) is a modified tooth; ♂ -
♂ competion
• Feeding ecology The two species have complementary
distributions and feeding behaviors
![Page 7: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae: dophins
Bottlenose dolphinPhotographer unknown
• Most diverse group of Cetacea
33 species
• Primarily fish and squid eaters, but…
• Teeth• Fins• Pointed beak (in
some)• Elaborate social
systems
![Page 8: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae: bottlenose dolphin
Bottlenose dolphinPhotographer unknown
• Distribution Range: Worldwide, Often in warm,
shallow inshore waters
Associate in schools from 10-500
May travel long distiances• No distinct migratory
patterns
• Speeds up to 19 mph.
![Page 9: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae: bottlenose dolphin
Bottlenose dolphinPhotographer unknown
• Feeding ecology How do they find food? What do they eat?
• Other distinctive behaviors
Hold young and injured at surface to breathe• May increase deaths in
nets
• Conservation status Classified as
“threatened” by IUCN
![Page 10: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae: Pacific white-sided dolphin
Pacific white-sided dolphin Photo: Peggy Stap
• North Pacific• Nocturnal feeders: squid and fish• Large pods (100 or more)
![Page 11: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spinner dolphin Photo: Andre Seale
Photographer unknown
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily DelphinidaeSpinner dolphin• Worldwide, tropical
and subtropical local “races”
• Found among schools of yellowfin tuna
• Spinning behavior Communication to
help aggregate? Parasite or remora
removal?
![Page 12: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Tuna-dolphin issue
•Dolphin-safe?
![Page 13: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae
OrcaPhoto: NOAA
![Page 14: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Delphinidae
OrcaPhoto: NOAA
• Distribution: Worldwide
• Pods/group size
• Physical characteristics
Teeth Dorsal fin
• Feeding ecology
• Conservation status Local Puget Sound pod
= endangered Captivity issue
![Page 15: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Phocoenidae: porpoises
Harbor porpoisePhoto: Riverhead Foundation
• Compare w/Delphinidae
Spade-shaped teeth Triangular dorsal fin No pointed beak Small compared to
delphinids
• Focus: harbor porpoise Distribution: Northern
Hemisphere, temperate to subarctic waters
Common, but rarely seen on surface
Diet• A variety of fishes• calves will eat…krill!
![Page 16: Marine Mammals: Part 4](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022081503/5681440f550346895db0ac5b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Order Cetacea: Suborder OdontocetiFamily Zephiidae: Beaked whales
Beaked whalePhoto: Nan Hauser
• Overview Teeth reduced
or absent• Examples…
• Feeding ecology Squid!
• Conservation status
Most species are rare• Strapped whales
known only from strandings