maritime economics
DESCRIPTION
Maritim ØkonomiTRANSCRIPT
MARITIME ECONOMICS
Shipping Cycles and Transport Patterns
This presentation will show the basic principles and processes of maritime economics, including strategy and development
Maritime Economics
Contents
Shipping Trends since WWII Financing Ships Trade Patterns The 4 Shipping Markets The Shipping Market Today
Regulations Strategy The Tanker Market The Liner Market Piracy
Shipping since WWII
Shipping since WWII
Shipping since WWII
Shipping since WWII
The Container
First seen in coal mining in England
Seatrain Lines The Australian
Army Malcolm McLean
and the modern container
ISO 6346 – The intermodal Container
Financing Ships
SavingsInvest? Lend?
Trade Patterns
The Westline Theory
Pacific Intertrad
e
Seaborne Trade of 1991
The 4 Shipping Patterns
The 4 Shipping Markets
The Freight Market
Freight Contract Time charter ”Fixing a ship” Voyage charter Bare-boat charter Contract of Affreightment
The Sale & Purchase Market
1000 deep sea merchant ships are sold p.a.
Shipowner Purchaser Shipbrokers Norwegian Sales Form way of
determining price Freight Rates have great influence
Putting the ship on
the market
Negotiation of price
and conditions
Memorandum of
Agreement
Inspections Closing
The Sale & Purchase Market
The Newbuilding Market
When do I need a new Ship? Specifications from buyer Offers
Local suppliers Steel price Labour price Freight Rates
Negotiations Design, price, quality
The Newbuilding Market
Supply/Demand
Where are we now?
Supply/Demand
We are about here
The Demolition Market
Scrapyards = Customers Shipbrokers can act as intermediate Strong, if freight market is weak Mostly in development countries
Low productivity because of low automisation
Selling steal and equipment Some things are sold locally
The Demolition Market
The Shipping Market Today
The World FleetNote
increase in Dry Bulk
The World Fleet
The World Fleet
Regulations
The Law of the Seas Classification Societies Flag States Coastal States
PSC The International Convention on Arrest of
Ships 1999 MARPOL ISPS
What to do in order to compete on todays market in perspective of future developments
How to React on Todays Market
Best Strategy?
Find a Niche! Find the Money Lowest possible Operation Cost Value at Risk Strategic Alliances
The Liner Market
The Liner Market
The Liner Market
The Liner Market
The Tanker Market
Crude oil and petroleum products Approx. 1/3 of world seaborne trade Currently pressed by rates
2009 was a particularly bad year Peaks during north European winter
Growing trade between Africa and China Is expected to divert to the closer European
market because of disruptions from the Mediterranean
The Tanker Market
The Tanker Market
Piracy
All-time high Threatening
supply chain Binding Naval
Forces Private Security
Cape Hope