Maritime Spatial Planning in the

Non-EU Black Sea

1- Where do we stand? 2- Towards and a new, shared strategy for

the entire basin

Mustafa Yücel, Devrim Tezcan and Barış Salihoğlu

METU Institute of Marine Sciences

2018-03-22

XIX International Environmental Forum "Baltic Sea Day”, St. Petersburg, Russia

Blue Growth in Baltic and Black Seas: A Grand Challenge: How to facilitate BG in a marine ecosystem

under multiple pressures and shared by many nations?

New Sectors where growth

will be important

More ‘mature’ blue

economy sectors

Knowledge, Observation, Innovation

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400

De

pth

, m

O2, H2S, µM

Anoxic-sulfidic H2S

Oxic - O2

Baltic - Black Sea - Common Challenges: Hypoxia, eutrophication, pollution, shared marine space

Tugrul et al. 2014 Yücel et al. 2017

Maritime Spatial Planning in the

Non-EU Black Sea

1- Where do we stand?

2- Towards and a new, shared strategy for the entire basin

Black Sea

Vessel Traffic in 2016 Gas Pipelines

Tourism

Black Sea MSP-Related Projects

• PlanCoast

• PEGASO

• COCONET

• MARSPLAN-BS

• ECOAST (COFASP)

• SymNet/CBC-Black Sea

• ICZM/CBC-Black Sea

• SRCSSMBSF

• CREAM

• MARSEA

• OPEC

• MISIS

Cross Border Maritime Spatial Plan for the Black Sea Romania and Bulgaria (2015-2018)

Cross Border Maritime Spatial Plan for the Black Sea Romania and Bulgaria (2015-2018)

The MARSPLAN BS Project main objectives are: • To support the implementation of the EU Directive, starting with its

Member States, Romania and Bulgaria

• To create an MSP institutional framework for Romania-Bulgaria cross-border

• To develop the cooperation with all Black Sea countries • To consolidate the cross-border cooperation and the information

exchange between Romania and Bulgaria • To set out the vision and strategic goals for Black Sea area on MSP,

taking into account the land sea interaction • To elaborate MSP Plan for the Romania – Bulgaria cross-border area • To contribute to a wider dissemination of all gathered information

concerning MSP field, Black Sea area, best practices and stakeholders.

Cross Border Maritime Spatial Plan for the Black Sea Romania and Bulgaria (2015-2018)

The MARSPLAN project has planned • to elaborate MPS Methodology, MSP indicators, MSP legislation

support, plans; • to elaborate a complete analysis of the Romanian and Bulgarian

marine areas • to design a MSP Plan for Romania-Bulgaria cross-border area • to develop MSP strategies, vision

The project included five pilot case areas: • Eforie area - Romania • Sfantul Gheorghe – Romania • Bourgas Port – Bulgaria • New ship routing system in territorial seas of Bulgaria and Romania • Aquaculture and fisheries

COCONET

• COCONET identifies groups of putatively interconnected MPAs in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas, shifting from local (single MPA) to regional (Networks of MPAs) and basin (network of networks) scales.

• The project is meant to enhance policies of effective environmental management, also to ascertain if the existing MPAs are sufficient for ecological networking and to suggest how to design further protection schemes based on effective exchanges between protected areas.

• The coastal focus is widened to off shore and deep sea habitats, comprising them in MPAs Networks. These activities will also individuate areas where Offshore Wind Farms might become established, avoiding too sensitive habitats but acting as stepping stones through MPAs.

COCONET OFFSHORE WIND FARM

• The most promising locations are extending across the Romanian and Ukrainian coasts and at the entrance of the Sea of Azov.

• The southwestern part of Crimea and the area extending across the Turkish and Bulgarian coasts are characterized as “good”.

• The entire eastern part of the Black Sea seems to be not promising for OWF development.

MISIS - MSFD Guiding Improvements in the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring System

Monitoring sites included in MISIS project

MISIS - MSFD Guiding Improvements in the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring System

The overall goal of MISIS is to support efforts to protect and restore the environmental quality and sustainability of the Black Sea.

Additional specific objectives are:

• to improve availability and quality of chemical and biological data to provide for integrated assessments of the Black Sea state of environment, including pressures and impacts (in line with Annex I and III of the MSFD) ;

• to increase number and size of protected areas in the Black Sea as well as to improve their degree of protection;

• to enhance stakeholders participation and public awareness on environmental issues.

Model cases included:

• Black Sea (Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey)

• Intercalibration exercises for the chemistry (nutrients and contaminants) and biological parameters (phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos)

• Pilot study in the proposed transboundary marine protected area Strandza – Igneada (Bulgaria – Turkey)

Maritime Spatial Planning in Turkey

• No Maritime Spatial Planning Legislation in Turkey

• Good will for the implementation of MSP in Turkey, no formal commitment yet

• Difficulties:

• > 8300 km coastline

• > 10 different Governmental Offices directly linked to MSP

Vessel Traffic in 2016

Marine Spatial Planning in Turkey

• METU Blue Growth Center objectives for MSP: • A Pilot Site for MSP: Mersin Bay (Çukurova Region) • Enhancement of marine management in line with the

ecosystem-based approach • Help the authorities to prepare MSP Legislation in

Turkey • Integration among public, private, and civil sectors • Increase the knowledge of CSOs for sustainable

environment • Convert the marine knowledge to products for a better

MSP

• Why Mersin Bay?

Vessel Traffic in 2016

Mersin Bay (Çukurova Region): • High Vessel Traffic • Maritime Traffic • Petrol and Natural Gas Pipelines

• Oil Tankers • Tourism • Sustainable Energy Potential (Sun, Wind) • Fisheries - Aquaculture • Agriculture • Industry

Solar Energy Map

Tourism

Vessel Traffic in 2016

Çukurova Investment Map

Pipelines

Maritime Spatial Planning in the

Non-EU Black Sea

1- Where do we stand?

2- Towards and a new, shared strategy for the entire basin

June 2018 – Burgas EMD – Vision Paper for SRIA

June 2019 - Romania – Launch of SRIA

Four Workshops: Brussels June 2017, Batumi Sept 2017,

Brussels Dec 2017 and (upcoming) Istanbul March 2018

DG Research and Innovation & DG Mare

Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA)

Black Sea SRIA Working Group

Biodiversity

Biological Invasions

Blue Biotechnology

Catchment-Sea Interaction Climate Change & Impacts

Cultural Heritage

Deep Sea Ecosystems

Deep sea mining, Oil and Gas Sustainable

Exploitation

Ecosystem Multiple Stressors

Eutrophication and Deoxygenation

Interconnections of Basins

Living Marine Resources (fishery, aquaculture, etc.)

Marine and Coastal Hazards

Marine Ecosystem Services

Marine Pollution and Litter

Marine Renewable Energy

Maritime Transport

MSP, ICZM Operational Oceanography/Observing Systems and

Monitoring

Other/Multiple areas (specify in column B)

Seas and Human Health

Socioeconomic & Policy Research

Tourism and Surrounding Economy

Training & Technology Transfer

Defined Main R&I Areas

Identified Gaps

Justification R&I Needs/Opportunities

Justification

Matrixes; Blue Growth Initiative for Research and Innovation in the Black Sea

Matrix A

Matrix B

R&I Needs/Opportunities

Availability of Suitable Public and Private

R&I Partnerships Availability of Regional and National

Supporting R&I Policies (Incentives,

Regulatory Frameworks, Etc)

Availability of Regional and National

Infrastructures

Availability of Regional and National Raw

Materials / Resources to Exploit

Blue Economy in the Black Sea: Growth, Jobs and a Basin that is sustainably managed

OCEAN FOOD TOURISM TRANSPORTATION

BLUE ENERGY MARINE

BIOTECHNOLOGY SUBMARINE MINERAL

AND ENERGY

Mature, Established Sectors

Potential Sectors for Growth

SYNERGY BETWEEN SECTORS

MANAGEMENT AND

SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION

MARITIME SPATIAL

PLANNING - MSP

Supplementary Slides

The primary goal of OPEC is

to improve the quality of operational services for biogeochemical and ecological parameters and hence our ability to project the future status of European marine ecosystems by delivering a suite of error quantified indicators which describe changes in ecosystem function suitable for implementation in operational centres.

2015 1990 2011 Reanalysis Hindcast REA Seasonal Forecast

Why OpEc?

• Coastal and shelf seas provide many beneficial

goods and services but also posing a risk to

coastal populations.

• Marine environments are being disrupted by

climate change and human activities.

• OpEc will develop and evaluate tools to help

assess and manage the risks posed by mans

activities to the marine environment.

Uncertainty and Marine Policy

Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) (MSFD)

requires member states to develop strategies to achieve a healthy marine

environment and make ecosystems more resilient to climate change in all

European marine waters by 2020 at the latest. The strategies must contain

a detailed assessment of the state of the environment, a definition of

"Good Environmental Status" (GES) at regional level and the establishment

of clear environmental targets and monitoring programmes.

Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)

The Marine Service delivers high quality indicators of the state of the

physical environment.

Targeted applications in four mains areas:

Marine safety (e.g. marine operations, oil spill combat, ship routing, search &

rescue).

Marine resource management (e.g. fish stock management).

Climate and seasonal forecasting (e.g. climate change monitoring, ice seasonal

forecasting).

Marine and coastal environment (e.g. ice sheet surveys, water quality, coastal

activities).

Biodiversity Invasive

Species

Commercial

Fisheries

Foodwebs Eutrophi-

cation

ECV Contami

Physio chemical Temperature X (x) x Salinity X x (x) Nutrient

Nitrate

Phosphate

Silicate

X X X x

pH /pCO2 X (x) x (x) Biological

Features

Phytoplankton

Small

Large

X (x) x X x X

Zooplankton

Small

Large

X (x) x X X

Fish X (X) x x Chlorophyll X x Net Primary

Production (X) X X (X)

Community

production (x) X

Bottom fauna* X (x) X x X

*ERSEM NW European Shelf Only

Mapping Model Outputs (Characteristics) to Descriptors