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Markus Breier Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna 30.08.2013

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Page 1: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Markus Breier

Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna

30.08.2013

Page 2: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Markus Breier 220/09/2013

Page 3: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Where could the historical road have been?

MODELLING HISTORICAL ROADS

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Page 4: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Algorithms to find most cost‐efficient path from start  point to end point across a surface

METHOD: LEAST COST PATHS

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Page 5: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

CASE STUDY I: BYZANTINE ROAD

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Page 6: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Late Byzantine Era (12th

– 14th

Century)

Written sources (documents)

1152: basilikos dromos (Greek): „emperor‘s road“

1336: veliki put (Old Slavonic): „big road“

1371: basilike hodos (Greek): „emperor‘s road“

1375/1376: veliki carski put (Old Slavonic): „the big road of the  emperor”

Connection between Roman roads

Via egnatia

Via militaris (Via diagonalis)

THE ROAD IN THE STRUMICA VALLEY

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Page 7: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Historical geodata hardly available

River regulation

Confidential data

DATA SITUATION

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Page 8: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Physical Landscape

Rivers

Used data: Vector Map level 0, adjusted to DHM

Modelled as barriers

Relief

Used data: SRTM (90m resolution) ASTERDEM (30m resolution)

Height above sea level

Effective slope

INCLUDED COST FACTORS

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Page 9: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

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Page 10: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

CASE STUDY II

Rinchen Zangpo (956 –

1055 CE)

Tibetan monk, translator

Travelled from Tibet to Kashmir and 

back

Brought with him artisans

Started the “later propagation of 

Buddhism in Tibet”

No exact travel route is known

Historical travel routes in the Western Himalayas

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Page 11: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

WESTERN HIMALAYAS

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Page 12: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

PRELIMINARY CALCULATIONS

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Page 13: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Integration of social landscape

Trade routes, trade centers, sacred sites (temples, 

monasteries,..)

Data situation

Historical geodata

Evaluation

Visualization

MAIN ISSUES

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Page 14: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Promising method

Only approximation

Framework for other cases

Advocates the use of GIS and cartography in historical  research

CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

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Page 15: Markus Breier Department Geography Regional …...Initiativkolleg “Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands” (University of Vienna) Austrian Academy

Initiativkolleg

“Cultural Transfers and Cross‐Contacts in the Himalayan Borderlands”

(University of Vienna)

Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine 

Research, especially Dr. Mihailo

Popović

University of Vienna, Department of Geography and Regional Research

The Center

for Interdisciplinary Research and Documentation of Inner and South Asian 

Cultural History (CIRDIS)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

[email protected]