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Marvell’s Motion For Judgment As A
Matter Of Law, New Trial And/Or
Remittitur With Respect to Damages
[Dkt. 807]
May 1, 2013
United States District Court
Western District of Pennsylvania
Civ. No. 2:09-cv-00290-NBF
Marvell Technology Group, Ltd. Marvell Semiconductor, Inc.
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 1 of 65
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Chips Undisputably
Only Used Abroad
Chips Used in the U.S.
in CMU’s Lower Estimate
Additional Chips Used in
the U.S. in CMU’s Conclusory,
Higher Estimate
Royalty Base
Marvell Chips in Royalty Base
556,812,091
1,781,468,451
329,297,798
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 2 of 65
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Damages
Damages Undisputably
Based on Extraterritorial Use
Damages Based on Chips Used
in the U.S. in CMU’s Lower Estimate
Additional Damages Based on Chips
Used in the U.S. in CMU’s
Conclusory, Higher Estimate
Royalty Base
$278,406,045
$890,734,226
$164,648,899
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 3 of 65
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CMU’s Royalty Base: Legally Foreclosed and Unsupported
• Patent damages based on sales of chips only used abroad are
legally foreclosed.
• Even if not legally foreclosed, CMU failed to offer evidence that
would satisfy any required causal nexus between domestic use and
foreign use.
– Evidence fails to show that any customer purchased any chip from Marvell “only”
because of the patented method.
– Evidence fails to show that the patented method drove consumer demand.
– Evidence does not support even but-for causation.
• CMU’s theory is not supported by substantial evidence that sales
took place in the U.S.
• The jury instructions failed to restrict the royalty base to chips with a
causal nexus to U.S.-based infringing activity.
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 4 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 36-37 CMU Opp. 4
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 5 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 37 CMU Opp. 4
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 6 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 37
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 7 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 38
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 8 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 38
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 9 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 38
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 10 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 38
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 11 of 65
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Power Integrations: Damages Based on Foreign Chips Are Legally Foreclosed
Slip Op. 39
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 12 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Prohibition Against Inclusion of Foreign Chips Applies A Fortiori Here
• Sales are non-infringing and do not provide a measure of U.S. use of
the patented method.
• Assuming sales are the right proxy, the same extraterritorial limits
must govern as would if a device patent were at issue.
• Thus, the reasonable royalty base would be limited to U.S. chips.
• Otherwise, CMU would recover in excess of what it could recover if
the device itself infringed simply because it made a more attenuated
leap from U.S. infringement to everything that follows abroad.
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 13 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Prohibition Against Inclusion of Foreign Chips Applies A Fortiori Here
Device Patent Sales Infringe
Method Patent Use Infringes
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 14 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Prohibition Against Inclusion of Foreign Chips Applies A Fortiori Here
Device Patent Sales Infringe
Method Patent Use Infringes
Limited to U.S. Sales
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 15 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Prohibition Against Inclusion of Foreign Chips Applies A Fortiori Here
Device Patent Sales Infringe
Method Patent Use Infringes
Limited to U.S. Sales
If Sales Used as Measure of Use,
Must Also Be Limited to U.S. Sales
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 16 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Prohibition Against Inclusion of Foreign Chips Applies A Fortiori Here
Device Patent Sales Infringe
Method Patent Use Infringes
Limited to U.S. Sales
A Fortiori Limited to U.S. Sales When
Sales Used as a Mere Proxy for Use
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 17 of 65
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Power Integrations: Tight Causal Nexus Required
Slip Op. 36 CMU Opp. 4, 7
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 18 of 65
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Power Integrations: Tight Causal Nexus Required
Slip Op. 36 CMU Opp. 8
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 19 of 65
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Power Integrations: Tight Causal Nexus Required
Slip Op. 38
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 20 of 65
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Required Causal Nexus? Customers Purchased Chips “Only” Because Of Patented Method
Dkt. 672, at 5-6
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 21 of 65
Required Causal Nexus? Injunction Analogy—Patented Method Drives Consumer Demand
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“Sales lost to an infringing product cannot
irreparably harm a patentee if consumers buy that
product for reasons other than the patented
feature. If the patented feature does not drive
the demand for the product, sales would be
lost even if the offending feature were absent
from the accused product. Thus, a likelihood of
irreparable harm cannot be shown if sales would be
lost regardless of the infringing conduct.”
Apple Inc. v. Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd., 678 F.3d 1314, 1324 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 22 of 65
Required Causal Nexus? Injunction Analogy—Patented Method Drives Consumer Demand
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“The causal nexus requirement is not satisfied simply
because removing an allegedly infringing component
would leave a particular feature, application, or device
less valued or inoperable. A laptop computer, for example,
will not work (or work long enough) without a battery, cooling
fan, or even the screws that may hold its frame together, and
its value would be accordingly depreciated should those
components be removed. That does not mean, however,
that every such component is ‘core’ to the operation of
the machine, let alone that each component is the
driver of consumer demand.”
Apple Inc. v. Samsung Elecs. Co., Ltd., 695 F.3d 1370, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 23 of 65
Required Causal Nexus? EMVR Analogy—Patented Method Drives Consumer Demand
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“LaserDynamics failed to present evidence
showing that the patented disc discrimination
method drove demand for the laptop computers.
It is not enough to merely show that the disc
discrimination method is viewed as valuable,
important, or even essential to the use of the
laptop computer. . . . [P]roof that consumers
would not want a laptop computer without
[its many] features is not tantamount to proof
that any one of those features alone drives the
market for laptop computers.”
LaserDynamics Inc. v. Quanta Comp., Inc., 694 F.3d 51, 68 (Fed. Cir. 2012).
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 24 of 65
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12/4/12 Tr. at 123:4-14
Testimony of Dr. Bajorek CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 25 of 65
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12/13/12 Tr. at 156:7-21
Testimony of Mr. Baqai CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 26 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Baqai CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/13/12 Tr. at 159:3-8
12/13/12 Tr. at 164:21-25
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 27 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Baqai CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/13/12 Tr. at 160:3-13
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 28 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Baqai CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/13/12 Tr. at 173:23-174:3
12/13/12 Tr. at 176:18-25
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 29 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Baqai CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/13/12 Tr. at 177:9-22
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 30 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. O’Dell CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/17/12 Tr. at 228:17, 228:2121
12/17/12 Tr. at 225:13-16
12/17/12 Tr. at 225:7-8
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 31 of 65
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Testimony of Dr. Bajorek CMU Failed to Satisfy Causal-Nexus
12/4/12 Tr. at 178:21-24
12/4/12 Tr. at 9-12
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 32 of 65
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Jury Instructions No Evidence or Finding of Sales in the U.S.
12/21/12 Tr. at 63:1-6
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 33 of 65
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Verdict Form No Evidence or Finding of Sales in the U.S. For Chips Used Abroad
Dkt. 762, at 4
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 34 of 65
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Jury Instructions Failed to Enforce Causal-Nexus Requirement
12/21/12 Tr. at 63:1-6
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 35 of 65
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Number of Chips Used in the U.S. According to CMU
Disputed Royalty Rate JMOL/Remittitur
556,812,091 $0.50 $278,406,045
329,297,798 $0.50 $164,648,899
Royalty Base: Remittitur Based on CMU’s Estimates of Chips Used in the U.S. Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 36 of 65
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12/10/12 Tr. at 164:25-165:5
Testimony of Ms. Lawton Base of 556,812,091 U.S. Chips is Unsupported
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 37 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Base of 556,812,091 U.S. Chips is Unsupported
Slip Op. 43
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 38 of 65
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Power Integrations:
Base of 556,812,091 U.S. Chips is Unsupported
Slip Op. 47
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 39 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton Base of 329,297,798 U.S. Chips is Also Unsupported
12/10/12 Tr. at 208:1-7
12/10/12 Tr. at 208:12-17
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 40 of 65
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Royalty Rate: $.50 Speculative and Unsupported
• “Excess profits” analysis fails to value the patented method.
• “Operating profit premium” analysis based on unrepresentative data
set and fails to value the patented method.
• Non-infringing alternatives not taken into account.
• No evidence supports a running royalty.
• Royalty rate of $.50 plainly excessive in light of the uncontroverted
evidence at trial.
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 41 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Excess Profits” Analysis Fails to Value the Patented Method
12/10/12 Tr. at 242:7-11
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 42 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Excess Profits” Analysis Fails to Value the Patented Method
12/10/12 Tr. at 240:19-25
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 43 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Excess Profits” Analysis Fails to Value the Patented Method
12/10/12 Tr. at 242:12-17
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 44 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Excess Profits” Analysis Fails to Value the Patented Method
12/10/12 Tr. at 259:12-24
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 45 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
12/10/12 Tr. at 105:1-2
12/10/12 Tr. at 246:25-247:7
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 46 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
12/10/12 Tr. at 244:19-245:5
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 47 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
12/10/12 Tr. at 245:7-13
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 48 of 65
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D-Demo 11 (CL-11) “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 49 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
12/10/12 Tr. at 244:19-245:5
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 50 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
12/10/12 Tr. at 88:6-15
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 51 of 65
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P-Demo 16 (Table 13) “Operating Profits” Analysis Based on Unrepresentative Data Set
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 52 of 65
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Testimony of Ms. Lawton Non-infringing Alternatives Not Taken into Account
12/10/12 Tr. at 15-25
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 53 of 65
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DX-17 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 54 of 65
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DX-39 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 55 of 65
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DX-40 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 56 of 65
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DX-255 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 57 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Wooldridge Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
12/5/12 Tr. at 184:2-9
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 58 of 65
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DX-263 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 59 of 65
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DX-263 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 60 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Wooldridge Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
12/5/12 Tr. at 169 at 10-16
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 61 of 65
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Testimony of Mr. Wooldridge Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
12/5/12 Tr. at 132 at 6-12
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 62 of 65
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DX-272 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 63 of 65
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DX-299 Running Royalty of $.50 Against the Weight of the Evidence
Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 64 of 65
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Potential Bases for Remittitur Calculation JMOL/Remittitur
Lump sum: Intel subscription agreement $200,000 x 2 patents $400,000
Lump sum: “Best-case” licensing projection $2,000,000 x 10 years $20,000,000
Running Royalty: Pricing to representative customers with lower estimate of U.S. chips
$.03/chip x 329,297,798 chips $9,878,934
Running Royalty: Pricing to representative customers with higher estimate of U.S.
chips $.03/chip x 556,812,091 chips $16,704,363
Running Royalty: Pricing to representative customers with U.S. and foreign chips
$.03/chip x 2,338,280,542 chips
$70,148,416
Remittitur to Avoid Excessive and Unsupported Running Royalty Rate Case 2:09-cv-00290-NBF Document 876-1 Filed 05/03/13 Page 65 of 65