maryland coastal hazards managment

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Introduction to Marylands

COASTAL HAZARDS


COASTAL HAZARDS


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Presentation Overview

What are coastalhazards?

How do coastalhazards impact peopleliving or working in

Marylands CoastalZone?


COASTAL HAZARDS


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PRESENTATION GOAL:To assist you with understandingMarylands coastal hazards and to be

aware of your risk and environmentaland management issues associated withaddressing these events.


COASTAL HAZARDS


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WHAT ARE COASTAL HAZARDS

NATURAL and MAN-MADE events that threaten thehealth of coastal ecosystems and communities. Thisdefinition includes, but is not limited to, hurricanes,tsunamis, erosion, oil spills, harmful algal blooms, andpollution.

This presentation will focus on natural coastal hazardsthat occur in Maryland such as:

storms,

erosion,

sea level rise

coastal flooding/storm surge.


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WHERE DO COASTAL HAZARDS

OCCUR

Ocean front

In sheltered coastlines like Chesapeake Bay Along tributaries and in the Watershed

All of these areas are part of the Coastal

Zone


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Where is the Coastal Zone in Maryland?

THE COASTAL ZONE


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In Maryland, the coastal zone includes the area in darkgrey, which has over 7,700 miles of tidal shoreline and

many diverse landscapes.

The Coastal Zone isThe Coastal Zone is

Home to 70% ofHome to 70% of

MarylandMarylands residentss residents

16 counties &16 counties &

Baltimore CityBaltimore City

THE COASTAL ZONE


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These diverse landscapes include the

LowLow -- lyinglying

coastal plaincoastal plain

on theon theEasternEastern

ShoreShore

THE COASTAL ZONE


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TheThe

barrierbarrierislandsislandsalong thealong theAtlanticAtlantic

Ocean andOcean andthetheCoastalCoastalBaysBays


THE COASTAL ZONE


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The unconsolidatedThe unconsolidated(sandy and loose)(sandy and loose)

consistency of theconsistency of thesediments alongsediments alongthe Western Side ofthe Western Side ofthe Chesapeakethe ChesapeakeBay.Bay.

THE COASTAL ZONE



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Due to placing property and lives ininappropriate areas

WHY IS MARYLAND VULNERABLE

TO COASTAL HAZARDS?


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TYPES OF

COASTAL HAZARDS

Nature is constantly atwork shaping andreshaping Earthssurface.

Meteorological events,such as hurricanes andnoreasters, areseasonal.

Hurricane Isabel as itHurricane Isabel as it

approached landfall atapproached landfall atCape Hatteras, NC,Cape Hatteras, NC,

20032003

Forces of Nature: Storms


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TYPES OF

COASTAL HAZARDS

Geological forces like

waves, erosion and sealevel rise affect ourshorelines on a dailybasis.

Forces of Nature: Geological Processes


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TYPES OF

COASTAL HAZARDS

The average rate of seaThe average rate of sealevel rise in Maryland islevel rise in Maryland is

between 3between 3--4mm per4mm per

year (or 1 foot peryear (or 1 foot percentury)century) a rate nearlya rate nearly

twice the nationaltwice the national

average.average.

Sharps Island Lighthouse constructed in1881, once situated on a 900 acre island, nowcompletely submerged.

Forces of Nature:Forces of Nature: Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSNationally and regionally, more and more

people are moving to our coastal communities:


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSWhen people move to

dynamic coastal areas,the intensivedevelopment weestablish alongcoastlines actuallyinterferes with naturalcoastal processes.

Ocean City, Maryland


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSInterfering with natural coastal processes can

have negative impacts such as:Increasing

Erosion

Sediment staved shorelinedue to structure placement.


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSIn order to prevent erosion, people build

hard defensive structures:


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSBut they may be helping toacceleratetheerosionhazard or cause thelossof nearshore habitat andbeach:

Scour of sediment fromthe front of the bulkheadleads to deepening ofwater and loss of

intertidal habitat like

marshes and beaches


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSSeawalls and bulkheads deflects energy of waves as opposed to

native vegetation which absorbs and buffers the energy.

Baffling by plants & slopereduces incomingwave energy.

Un-baffled wave energyreflects down & back.


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSSeawalls and bulkheads deflects energy of waves as opposed to

native vegetation which absorbs and buffers the energy.

Baffling by plants & slopereduces incomingwave energy.

Bank scour


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSWhen people move to

dynamic coastal areas,the intensivedevelopment we

establish alongcoastlines, theybecome morevulnerable to stormsand flooding.

Ocean City, Maryland


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSCoastal flood events are often devastating to local

community, and regional economy.

Damage to homes at

Chesapeake Beach,Maryland, caused byTropical Storm I sabelstorm surge. Photocourtesy of Zoe Johnson.


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSOur most recent coastal flood event occurred in 2003,when Hurricane Isabel pushed water up the Baycausing the sea to temporarily rise as much as 10feet in some places.


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COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDSThe natural rise of the sea throughout time inresponse to change in global climate and localland changes, know as SEA LEVEL RISE, is alsoincreasing our vulnerability to flooding.

A place that may besafe to live in now maybecome vulnerable to

flooding and erosion inthe future.


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Together, storms,

ongoing daily coastalprocesses, and sea levelrise result in

Approximately 69% ofMarylands coast iscurrently eroding.

COASTAL HAZARDS

TRENDS


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Management Responses

So what are the options to address Coastal

Hazards in Maryland?1)Do nothing/abandon

against a changing

climate and shorelineenvironment.

Example: Succumb to nature byabandon upon losing theproperty, allowing the shore toreturn to a natural state


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Hazards in Maryland?2)Adapt/Accommodateto a changing climate

and shorelineenvironment

Example: Adjust the design of ahome so it can survive a floodevent such as elevating astructure


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Hazards in Maryland?

3)Retreatfrom a

change climate andshoreline environment

Example: Moving the housefarther back on the propertyaway from the shoreline CTDEP


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Hazards in Maryland?

4)Defendagainst a

change climate andshoreline environment

Example: build a defensivestructure to address land loss


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Management Program

Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) works

to address shoreline erosion and coastalhazards and development in America and someIsland territories.

The philosophy of the CZMA on Coastal Hazards is

simple: Promote Community Resiliency and

Sustainability


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Management Program

It is wise and less costly to be build smart andwith the natural system than to remedy the

problem after development has occurred

CTDEP


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Coastal Zone

Management Program

Coastal Zone

Management ProgramCZMA IS COASTAL LEGISLATION, but leaves

day-to-day regulating and management decisionsto the State under federally approved coastalmanagement programs.

Currently, 95,376 national shoreline miles (99.9%)are managed by the Program. State and federalcoastal zone management efforts are guidedunder three major themes:

Sustainable Coastal Communities,

Sustainable Coastal Ecosystems, and

Improved Government Efficiency.

C l Z

C t l Z


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Coastal Zone

Management Program

Coastal Zone

Management ProgramThe CZMP assists with several things to reduce the

impacts of coastal hazards on local communities suchas:

Mapping & monitoringMapping & monitoring coastal erosioncoastal erosion

CreateCreate setback & permitting systemssetback & permitting systems to limit development into limit development in

the most dangerous areasthe most dangerous areas

EstablishEstablish plansplans for rebuilding after disastersfor rebuilding after disasters

DevelopDevelop relocation policies & beach nourishmentrelocation policies & beach nourishment programs toprograms to

help restore the natural protective function of beaches &help restore the natural protective function of beaches &

dunesdunes

C t l Z

C t l Z


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Coastal Zone

Management Program

Coastal Zone

Management ProgramThe CZMP assists with several things to reduce the

impacts of coastal hazards on local communities suchas:

Establish and protect buffer areas (beaches & wetlands)

Provide public education on vulnerability

Coordinate with Agencies that conduct state emergency

preparedness agencies, and

Work with FEMA assist with hurricane warning systems &evacuation plans for coastal residents, so that fewer people get

injured.


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You can learn more about coastal hazards and how theyimpact people, the land, and biological communities byusing the Maryland Shorelines Online (MSO) web portal

Maryland Shorelines OnlineCoastal Hazard Web Portal

Maryland Shorelines Online

Coastal Hazard Web Portal

htt ://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/


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Maryland Shorelines Changes Online

Map Viewer

An interactive

mappingapplication is alsoavailable on MSOallowing users to

access historicalshoreline andphysical datalayers and toassess shoreerosion trends.

http://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/launchmapper.asp

M l d Sh li O li

M l d Sh li O li


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MSO Coastal Hazard Lessons utilizes the interactiveweb map viewer to allow students to conduct in-depthinvestigations


Coastal Hazard Lessons


Coastal Hazard Lessons

M l d


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Maryland

Coastal Hazards Lessons

This conceptual model highlights the focus of theThis conceptual model highlights the focus of the

differentdifferent Maryland Coastal Hazards LessonsMaryland Coastal Hazards Lessons..

M l d


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Maryland


Each lesson is represented by its own icon:Each lesson is represented by its own icon:

Coastal HazardsCoastal Hazards

Coastal ProcessesCoastal Processes

Human ActivitiesHuman Activities

WeatherWeather

Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise

Biological CommunitiesBiological Communities

M l d


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Maryland


Yet, each lesson concept is interconnected to others:Yet, each lesson concept is interconnected to others:

M l d


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Maryland


WeatherWeather: seasonal storms, such as hurricanes: seasonal storms, such as hurricanes

and norand noreasters.easters.

Mar land


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Maryland

Coastal Hazards LessonsCoastal ProcessesCoastal Processes: waves, longshore current,: waves, longshore current,tides, erosion and accretion.tides, erosion and accretion.

Maryland


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Maryland


Sea Level RiseSea Level Rise: tectonic subsistence (land: tectonic subsistence (land

sinking, usually due to extraction of groundsinking, usually due to extraction of groundwater and minerals), and sea level rise.water and minerals), and sea level rise.

Maryland


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Maryland

Coastal Hazards LessonsHuman ActivitiesHuman Activities: shoreline development: shoreline development(buildings, houses, docks, sea walls, rip(buildings, houses, docks, sea walls, rip--rap &rap &roads), motor boat wakes/waves, filling or lossroads), motor boat wakes/waves, filling or lossof wetlands.of wetlands.

Maryland


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Maryland


Biological CommunityBiological Community: habitat, plants and: habitat, plants and

animals.animals.

Maryland


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Maryland

Coastal Hazards LessonsTry out this GIS application and theTry out this GIS application and the

Coastal Hazards LessonsCoastal Hazards Lessons

http://shorelines.dnr.state.md.us/launchmapper.asp

maryland coastal hazards managment

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