masking traditions in africa. british marines displaying their loot after the sack of benin, 1897
TRANSCRIPT
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Masking Traditions in Africa
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British Marines displaying their loot after the sack of Benin, 1897
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Pablo Picasso,Les Demoiselles d’AvignonOil on canvas, 1907
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Edouard Manet, "The Luncheon on the Grass“, oil on canvas, 1862/1863
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Pablo Picasso,Les Demoiselles d’AvignonOil on canvas, 1907
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Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselle D’Avignon(detail) 1907, oil on canvas
Mbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire, Polychrome wood,20th century
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Fang Mask,Gabon, polychrome wood,20th century
Mask, Republic of the Congo,Painted woodLate 19th century
Pablo Picasso,Detail of Les DemoiselleD’Avignon, 1907,Oil on canvas
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“the mask weren’t just like any pieces of sculpture…Not in the least,they were magic things…these Negroes were intercessors, …
They were against everything, against unknown threatening spirits…I kept on staring at the fetishes. Then it came to me. I too was against
everything… I too felt that everything was unknown, hostile…” --Pablo Picasso
“The African masks opened a new horizon to me. They made it possible for me to make contact with Instinctive things, which inhibited feeling that wentagainst the false (Western) tradition which I hated”
--Georges Braque
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The mask is the mediating force at that delicate intersection between the real and the imagined; the concrete and the imperceptible;
The serious and the playful; the whimsical and the terrifying; the living and the dead
1. Ancestral veneration/worship; mediation2. Rites of passage—education
3. Social control—punitive; intervention; social harmony4. Entertainment—humor and satire.
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Ancestral Veneration
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Figure with Mask like Head,Rock Painting, Tassili, 10,000 BP
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Mask HeadYoruba (Ife) Nigeria12th-15th century (700-500 BP)Copper, 33 x 19 cm (13 in)
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Oba William Ayeni,Orangun of Ila wearing the Great Crown (Ade Nla) with beadedVeil,Yoruba Peoples, Nigeria20th cent
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Chiwara Masquerades in performance during the agricultural cycle,Bamana Peoples, Mali
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Crest Mask,Chiwara,Bamana, MaliWood,20th century
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Bobo (Butterfly) mask,Burkina Faso (Upper Volta),Painted Wood, cloth, 20th centuryMembers of the Do in performance
Dossi, Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)Wood, natural pigments, grass fibers20th century
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Dje (antelope) masquerade in performance, Dabuzra, Cote D’Ivoire
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Elephant masks in performance, Cameroon, cotton, beads, animal skin, feathers,1985
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Maiden spirit maskersIgbo Peoples, Nigeria20th cent.
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Ijele Mask at the 2nd BurialCeremony,Achalla, Nigeria,Mixed media, 20th century
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Education, Initiation and other Rites of Passage
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Sowei Headdress,Gola/Vai Peoples,Liberia and Sierra Leone,Wood, 20th century
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Sowei Headdress,Sande society, (Gola, Vai Peoples)Liberia Sierra LeoneWood, pigment20th century
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Boys’ initiation, Gabon
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Children’s masqueradeYoruba PeoplesIbadan, Nigeria21st century
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Fire spitter mask (kponugu), Senufo, Ivory CoastWood, 20th century
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Gelede Headdress with two pythons attempting to swallow a tortoiseYoruba, Nigeria, wood, pigment, 20th century
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Social Control:
Punishment and Warfare
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Mask used in executing criminals,Yoruba Peoples, Nigeria19th/20th cent
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Yoruba Egungun Masquerade, mixed media, 21st century
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Entertainment, Humor and Satire:
Parodying “Otherness” & Antisocial Behavior
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Egungun masquerade costume,Yoruba Peoples, NigeriaCloth, metal, wood20th cent
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Egungun ensemble Yoruba Peoples, NigeriaCloth, wood, metal20th cent.
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Egungun masquerade in Dance motionYoruba Peoples, Nigeria/Benin,20th cent.
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Gelede masked performers, Yoruba Peoples, Ketu, Democratic republic of Benin
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Masquerades, Yoruba, Nigeria, wood, cotton, 20th century
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Critique of restrained sexual desires conceptualized in the image of a monkey,Egungun, Yoruba, NigeriaWood, cloth20th century
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A parody of a prostitute who prowlsAround looking for victims, while stroking her teeth,Egungun, Yoruba, NigeriaPainted wood, cloth20th century
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Parody of the town foolEgungun, Yoruba , NigeriaPainted wood, cloth20th century
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Parodying the Colonial “Other”(Egungun) MasqueradeYoruba, Nigeriawood, animal hide, cotton, pigments20th century
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Parodying the PoliceIgbo MasqueradeNigeria,20th century
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Egungun in Acrobatic DisplayYoruba Peoples, Ibadan, Nigeria21st century
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Yoruba Egungun Masquerade, mixed media, 21st century
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Nick CaveAmerican, b. 1956Soundsuit, 2006Found knit sweaters, socks, drift wood, dryer lint, and paint Helen M. Danforth Acquisition Fund 2007.11