masonry details. masonry categories u clay masonry –made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo...
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Masonry Details
Masonry Categories
Clay Masonry– made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or combo– shaped in plastic state– fired in kiln at high temperatures to bond mat’l
Concrete Masonry– made of dry portland cement, aggregates, water– compacted in forms by vibration– cured under controlled temperature & moisture– aging necessary for maximum strength
Clay Masonry Units Solid Masonry
– brick (standard)» can contain holes, called cores, up to 25% of area
» wide range of colors and surface textures
Hollow Masonry (exceeds 25% core area)– structural clay tile (shapes of concrete block)
Architectural Terra Cotta– flue liners– roof tiles– surface pavers
Concrete Masonry
Concrete Block– hollow– solid
Special Units– decorative– split faced– faced block
Why Masonry vs. Wood
Fireproof Durable Long lasting Good compressive strength Low maintenance Immune to termites & rotting No corrosion
Brick Sizes
Net vs. Nominal– Net - actual size of brick– Nominal - brick + mortar joint
Regional Size difference Mortar Joint
– joint between bricks– commonly 3/8”– range 1/4” to 1/2”
Brick Sizes
Brick Dimensions– width x height x length
Example– Nominal 4 x 3 x 8– Net 3-5/8 x 2-5/8 x 7-5/8
Brick Positions
6 possible positions– stretcher– shiner– header– rowlock– soldier– sailor
Methods of Stacking Bricks
Joint Terminology Mortar placed between layers of
brick/block– made of sand, cement, and lime– strength of mortar bond
» (High) M, S, N, O, K(Low)
Each row of brick is called a wythe. Two rows of brick is termed two wythe of brick
Joint terms– collar, bed, and head
Joint Finishes
Selected based on– appearance– shadow patterns– water drainage– surface
endurance
Brick Walls Cavity
– space between 2 wythe of bricks
– airspace– filled with grout & steel
rebar Grout
– sand, cement, and small aggregate
– sloppy solution poured in cavity
Concrete Block Block Dimensions
– width x height x length
Example– Nominal 8 x 8 x 16– Net 7-5/8 x 7-5/8 x 15-5/8
Concrete Block
Also called Molded Concrete Units Materials
– portland cement, sand, aggregates (90% by weight) and water
Cores– Air spaces in concrete block– Used for reinforcement/insulation
Compression strength– 700 to 1800 psi (pounds per square inch)
Concrete Block Types
Standard (8 x 8 x 16) nominal– Width variations
» 4”
» 6”
» 8”
» 10”
» 12”
Concrete Block Types Sash block also
called a Jamb block Width variations
– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12” Slot design
– slot on end allows for attachment of metal or wood door and windows frames
Concrete Block Types
Lintel– U-shaped piece for
use over windows & doors
Width variations– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”
Concrete Block Types Bond block
– notch on top to allow for horizontal reinforcing
Width variations– 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”
Concrete Block Types
Cap or paving unit– Used to cap off the open unit at the top of a wall
Problems with Masonry
Efflorescence– surface discoloration– caused by water-soluble salts in cement which
are sulfates of sodium– and caused by insoluble carbonates from
continuous water penetration over a long period of time
– occurs during high-humidity and low-temperature conditions
– high chance happening with grouted walls
Construction Considerations
Masonry is poor in insulation (R) value– add rigid insulation or fill with insulation
Think Modular– all block and opening width dimensions are
multiples of 8”– eliminates cutting– reduces costs
Brick Representation in Section
Simplest Cavity Detailed
Which symbol used depends on office practice and/or detail scale.
Block Sections
A - don’t use B - military C-F - supported
by various organizations
Symbol used depends on scale of detail
Create the following details for sheet S-2:– 1/S-2– 2/S-2– 3/S-2– 4/S-2– 5/S-2– 6/S-2– 7/S-2
HINT: Look through the class architecture folder again!!!!!!