mass media and society chapter 15: media and government
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Mass Media and Society
Chapter 15: Mediaand Government
April 11, 2014
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Chapter 15: Media and Government• Regulation of media• The law and media
messages• Censorship and free
speech• Intellectual property• Politics and influence
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Regulation• FCC oversees licensing
and regulation of broadcasting, phone services, wireless communication
• Deregulation gave more power to licensees
• Viacom and Disney own firms in diverse media
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Privacy Act• 1974: Law protecting how
individuals’ personal data are collected
• Media can only report on matters of public interest and can’t use personal information of private figures for “exploitive” purposes
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Libel and slander• Libel: defamatory
statements or visual depictions in written or permanent form
• Slander: defamatory verbal statements
• Responsible reporting key to avoiding legal entanglements
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Libel and slander• Published defamatory
statement causes injury to subject’s reputation
• A libel defense is that a statement is substantially true; defendant has burden of proof
• Altered or inaccurate quote can be actionable
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Courtney Love case• Lawyer sued her over
Twitter statement claiming lawyer had been “bought off” in estate case
• Love said she meant tweet to be direct message and deleted it
• Jury found in Love’s favor
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Copyright and intellectual property
• Copyright does not protect facts; important for news media
• Intellectual property is protected: patents, licenses, trade secrets, URLs, TV programs
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Freedom of Information Act
• FOIA requires full or partial disclosure of government documents
• Helps citizens and journalists keep track of government
• Can be complicated
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Censorship and freedom of speech
• There are exceptions to free speech under the First Amendment: defamation, hate speech, breach of peace, incitement to crime, sedition, obscenity
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Obscenity• Obscenity usually applies
to hardcore pornography; indecent material is protected by the First Amendment
• FCC receives thousands of complaints a year; most do not lead to fines or investigations; a few do
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Intellectual property protection online
• Thanks to ease of copying, copyright violation is common online
• RIAA pursued violators• Are websites responsible
for actions of their users?
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The law andonline regulation
• Terms of service agreements are legally binding rules (iTunes)
• Computer Fraud and Abuse Act: designed to reduce hacking, also used in case of cyberbullying
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Anonymity
• Users can be traced through IP address
• Threats made online are just as illegal as those made over the phone or by mail
• Online hate crimes have been prosecuted
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Digital democracy• Political campaigns use
digital communication methods: video, social media, email, texting
• MoveOn.org and other sites mobilize citizens to vote and participate
• Digital divide a factor in public participation