mass wasting & soil survey. objectives show some case studies of how soil surveys handle...
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Mass Wasting & Soil Survey
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Objectives
• Show some case studies of how soil surveys handle landslides.– Guam– North Dakota– Alabama– California
• Discussion: are we doing enough?– Are we alerting our users to conditions and
potentials for slope failures?
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Island of Guam
Affected by rotational landslides, in certain soils.
Just looking at the DEM, can you guess where they occur?
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Eocene, Oligocene & Miocene;tuff, tuff breccia, tuffaceous sandstone/shale
Pliocene & Pleistocene;Reef complex, reef detritus
SSURGO soils of GuamGrouped by parent material (mostly)
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Typical slides in soft, deeply weathered volcanic saproliteAnthropic grasslands are incapable of stabilizing this material:
tectonic uplift; deeply dissected; 80-100” rainfall; seasonally distributed
All pictures by Bob Gavenda, SS in Guam
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Slides are extensive
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Zoomed-in view of slide areas
Note recent burns; an aggravating factor
So… how would you map this?
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Akina series: Inceptic Haplustoxv. fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic
Akina – Badland complexes(various slope classes)
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SSURGO delineations of Akina-badlands cpx.
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Rotational Slides provide parent material for Togcha soils in footslope positions
Akina (residuum in saprolite)
Togcha (“slope alluvium” in SS; what should we call it?)
Note: taxonomic classifications shown are out of date.
The soil survey does not clearly address the issue of rotational slides.
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Slides and soil survey in North Dakota
McKenzie county
Barnes county
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McKenzie county, NDLots of badlands – any slides?
Little Missouri R
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IFSAR hillshade added…Do the slides stand out more?
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Here’s how they mapped it…
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Another view:IFSAR w hillshade
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116F—Kremlin-Cabbart loams, slumped, 9 to 40 percent slopes
Setting:Kremlin soils occur on footslopes.Cabbart soils occur on summits and shoulders.This map unit occurs on ridges that are slumped in badlands.
Map Unit Composition (percent)Named Components
Kremlin and similar soils: 15 to 45 percentCabbart and similar soils: 15 to 50 percent
Average Component CompositionCabbart: 29 percentKremlin: 19 percentBoxwell: 17 percentScairt: 14 percentLonna: 13 percentBadland, outcrop: 5 percentFleak: 3 percent
From the soil survey manuscript (Aziz et al, 2006)
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Valley City, NDBarnes county. Sheyenne R., I-94 at Valley City.
Where are the slides?
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From Anderson (2004), NDGS
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LiDAR & SSURGO
Kloten – Buse cpx., 9-35%Kloten: shale @ <20”Buse: till
From Soil Survey: Kloten – lower side slopes Buse – upper side slopes, shoulders, & summits
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Note “bumpy” texture of LiDAR in the Kloten-Buse 9-35% unit
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From hard-copy soil survey:Not readily available to public
How can we incorporate our knowledge of potential slippage more explicitly into the soil survey?
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Mass movement and soil survey in Huntsville, AL (Madison county).
Viewed on a 2009 SGI field trip.
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Spectacular rotational slide near Huntsville, AL
Plateau summit
Steep slopes
Fancy houses
Oblique view from ArcGIS Explorer
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Slope failure (main scarp) at contact of overlying sandstone with underlying shale.Soil survey lines follow this contact.Can we capture this information in SSURGO?
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Soil Survey of Napa county, CA
Fagan clay loam, 30-50% slopes, slumped
Fine, smectitic, Typic Argiudolls
40-60” to Cr sandstone
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Associated with marine sediments(?)
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Summary and Discussion
• Mass wasting is handled in various ways in county soil surveys:– Components; e.g., badlands– Map unit name; e.g. slumped
• Failure zones are implicitly identified in county soil surveys:– Contrasting components within map units– Boundaries between map units
• Discussion: can we do better?– i.e., clearly alert users to landslide activity and hazards, both
spatially (maps) and in attributes / interpretations.