Massachusetts Bay Colony

• 1630, as a “city on a hill” for Puritans• Led by John Winthrop, Governor of colony• Established an independent government for the colony• 2/3 of males (church members only) voted for the General Council• Very large and well-stocked expedition• Very successful, encouraged the “Great Migration” • 20,000 migrated between 1630 and 1640

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• “It will be a service to the Church of great consequence to carry the Gospel into those parts of the world, to help on the fullness of the coming of the Gentiles, and to raise a bulwark against the kingdom of AnteChrist, which the Jesuits labor to rear up in those parts.”

John Winthrop

• “For this end, we must be knit together, in this work, as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection. … We must delight in each other; make others’ conditions our own; rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace”

“City upon a hill”• Protestant work ethic God rewards his elect• All “freemen” who were church members could vote –

(very democratic at the time)• Church and state were closely linked• Taxes supported the church

• Laws punished both criminal and undesirable actsuch as idleness and drunkenness “Blue Laws”• Little concept of privacy – Church and State could

punish parents for poor parenting, marital problems, etc.

Dissent in the Puritan Community

Anne Hutchinson: Exiled in 1638 (Why?)In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans

“More a husband than a wife” A preacher rather than a hearer”

Roger Williams: fled MBC in 1636(Why?)Befriended by Native Am and settled in Narragansett Bay.Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance.

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Conflict with Native AmericansOriginal co-existence w/ Native Americans (Algonquin)

• Wompanoag (helped early settlers at Plymouth)• Did not see them as a threat (sick, women & children, starving)• Why did Massasoit not finish them off? (Narragansett threat!)

• Puritan View of Native Americans• Expansion leads to conflict with Pequot Nation (P. 56)• View of land “ownership”

• 1637 Punitive conflict begins, Pequots are exterminated.• Metacom, aka King Philip, resists expansion• King Philip’s War, 1675• Wampanoag tribe is destroyed, Metacom killed• Was the last Native American resistance in Puritan

colonies• Conflict is denounced by Roger Williams

Seal of Mass Bay: What’s wrong with this picture?

Pequot War -1637“At the time of the Pequot War, Pequot strength was concentrated along the Pequot (now Thames) and Mystic Rivers in what is now southeastern Connecticut. Mystic, or Missituk, was the site of the major battle of the War. Under the leadership of Captain John Mason from Connecticut and Captain John Underhill from Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Puritan troops, with the help of Mohegan and Narragansett allies, burned the village and killed the estimated 400-700 Pequots inside.

The battle turned the tide against the Pequots and broke the tribe's resistance. Many Pequots in other villages escaped and hid among other tribes, but most of them were eventually killed or captured and given as slaves to tribes friendly to the English. The English, supported by Uncas' Mohegans, pursued the remaining Pequot resistors until all were either killed or captured and enslaved. After the War, the colonists enslaved survivors and outlawed the name "Pequot.“”

– source:http://www.colonialwarsct.org/1637.htm

http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philip

2,000 English killed5,000 NativesTide turns when the Mohawk form an alliance with the EnglishPhillip’s head in Plymouth for 20 years

1675

Causes and Effects of King Philip’s War (use p. 57)

CAUSES EFFECTS

New Netherlands• Established by the Dutch• 1609-1621• Fur trading posts • New Netherlands

• West India Company

• New Amsterdam • Founded in 1625, capital of the

colony • Diverse colony• Religious toleration • Friendly relations with Natives

• English takeover• By force

• No resistance http://www.colonialvoyage.com/namstmap.jpg

The Quakers • Pennsylvania • Obtained by William Penn

(proprietor)• Paid off a debt

• “Penn’s Woods”• Quakers • God’s “inner light”• Informal • Anyone could preach

• Pacifist • Didn’t serve in the military

William Penn• Saw his colony as a “Holy

Experiment”• Everyone received 50 acres • Assembly style government

• Good relations with Native Americans • Saw them as people• Paid for the land• No major conflict

• 50 years• Never made $ from the

colony • His principles and idea