massachusetts healthy aging community data ......data allow. in other cases, we could only report...

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MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA PROFILE Middlesex County Acton Arlington Ashby Ashland Ayer Bedford Belmont Billerica Boxborough Burlington Cambridge Carlisle Chelmsford Concord Dracut Dunstable Everett Framingham Groton Holliston Hopkinton Hudson Lexington Lincoln Littleton Lowell Malden Marlborough Maynard Medford Melrose Natick Newton North Reading Pepperell Reading Sherborn Shirley Somerville Stoneham Stow Sudbury Tewksbury Townsend Tyngsborough Wakefield Waltham Watertown Wayland Westford Weston Wilmington Winchester Woburn

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Page 1: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA PROFILE

Middlesex County

Acton Arlington Ashby Ashland Ayer Bedford Belmont Billerica Boxborough Burlington Cambridge Carlisle Chelmsford Concord Dracut Dunstable Everett Framingham Groton Holliston Hopkinton Hudson Lexington Lincoln Littleton Lowell Malden Marlborough Maynard Medford

Melrose Natick Newton North Reading Pepperell Reading Sherborn Shirley Somerville Stoneham Stow Sudbury Tewksbury Townsend Tyngsborough Wakefield Waltham Watertown Wayland Westford Weston Wilmington Winchester Woburn

Page 2: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ACTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Acton (Middlesex) Acton is a suburban town northwest of Boston with 2,261 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a somewhat walkable community (51/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Acton do better on many indicators of healthy aging having lower rates of: depression, Alzheimer’s disease, COPD, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, lung cancer, and osteoporosis. Older residents of Acton do very well in terms of health promotion (higher rates of getting flu shots, higher rates of physical activity, mammography, dentist visits, eating fruits and vegetables, and not smoking). Community resources to promote healthy aging include a COA walking club, a Senior Center and Council on Aging, Parks and Recreation department and lifelong learning opportunities.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 21,924 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 15.6% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,371 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,261 891,303

% 65-74 years 61.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 24.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 13.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 53.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 86.8% 91.5%

% African American 1.4% 3.8%

% Asian 11.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.8% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.4% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 63.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.6% 11.7%

% widowed 23.7% 30.2%

% never married 3.7% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 5.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 38.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 56.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 24.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 80.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 3.9% 4.7%

Page 3: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ACTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.9% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 58.2% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 24.9% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.2% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 19.0% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 15.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 65.7% 77.5%

Page 4: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ACTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 37.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 17.0% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 17.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.8% 25.1%

% with cataract 64.9% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.3% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer B 1.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 14.1% 17.2%

% with anemia B 40.3% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 34.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 50.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 12.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 20.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 7.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 4.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 19.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 44.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.7% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 28.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.9% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 39.4% 24.3%

Page 5: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ACTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 25.9% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 6.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 168 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 24 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 503 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 43.1 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.5 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 271 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 12.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 104 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 51.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 14,398 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 83.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 150 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 911 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 13.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 31.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 55.0% 37.5%

Page 6: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ACTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

Page 7: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ARLINGTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Arlington (Middlesex)

Arlington is a town 6 miles from Boston with 6,651 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates the community is extremely walkable (91/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Arlington do better on many healthy aging indicators: self-rated health, diabetes, stroke, COPD, hypertension, and tooth loss; however, they have higher rates of osteoporosis, breast cancer, and glaucoma. They are likely to have fewer emergency room visits and take less than the state average number of monthly prescription medications. However, compared to state averages older residents have a higher rate of hospital readmissions. Community resources to promote healthy aging include having a walking club, Council on Aging, and recreation department. Arlington has several resources to promote senior transportation including access to the MBTA Ride, ITNGreaterBoston, and a volunteer driver program.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 42,844 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.7% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 8,823 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.6% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 6,651 891,303

% 65-74 years 49.8% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 34.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 15.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 58.4% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.2% 91.5%

% African American 0.2% 3.8%

% Asian 2.6% 2.7%

% Other 0.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.3% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 55.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 13.1% 11.7%

% widowed 22.4% 30.2%

% never married 8.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 10.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 57.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 31.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 31.9% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 84.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 10.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

Page 8: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ARLINGTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.3% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 68.4% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 28.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 27.1% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.5% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.1% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 75.6% 77.5%

Page 9: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ARLINGTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 43.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.4% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 23.5% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 27.8% 25.1%

% with cataract 64.9% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 11.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.0% 17.2%

% with anemia 48.3% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 38.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 19.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 57.7% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 17.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.9% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 7.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.4% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 24.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 7.3% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.7% 24.3%

Page 10: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ARLINGTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.9% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 584 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 3 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 18 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 41 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.1 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 578 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.2 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.0 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 347 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 19.5% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 111 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 91.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 30,616 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.7% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 121 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,452 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.6% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 30.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 47.4% 37.5%

Page 11: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ARLINGTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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ASHBY PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Ashby (Middlesex) Ashby is a rural town in north central Massachusetts with 318 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates that it is a car dependent (37/100) community. Ashby older residents do better than state averages on: hypertension, arthritis, prostate cancer, osteoporosis, and use rate of prescription medications. However, compared to state averages older residents of Ashby have higher rates of hip fracture and tooth loss. They are less likely to take the health promotion step of having a shingles vaccine. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Council on Aging, and Cultural Council. However, community resources for senior transportation and physical activity are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 3,074 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 15.8% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 480 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 318 891,303

% 65-74 years 54.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 33.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 12.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 1.6% 2.7%

% Other 0.9% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.6% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 56.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.1% 11.7%

% widowed 32.1% 30.2%

% never married 1.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 16.0% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 52.5% 54.5%

% with college degree 31.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 19.8% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 89.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 16.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.3% 4.7%

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ASHBY PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 3.8% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture W 5.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 69.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.8% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 72.5% 77.5%

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ASHBY PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 3.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 26.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.4% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.4% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 11.0% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.3% 17.2%

% with anemia B 41.9% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 55.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 0.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 22.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 12.9% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 9.3% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 14.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.5% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 34.1% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 4.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 21.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 11.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 28.2% 24.3%

Page 15: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ASHBY PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 34.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 9.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 0 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 6 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 582 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 48.5 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.6 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.5 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 300 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 19.8% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 119 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 37.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 2,375 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 77.6% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 129 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 776 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 5.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 18.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 36.2% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 44.9% 37.5%

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ASHBY PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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ASHLAND PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Ashland (Middlesex) Ashland is a town in the Metrowest region with 1,681 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (86/100). Compared to state averages, Ashland older residents do better on a number of healthy aging indicators including having lower rates of COPD, heart attacks, and glaucoma. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, recreation department, and lifelong learning opportunities. Senior transportation resources include access to the MBTA Ride and to ITNGreaterBoston. Physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 16,593 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.6% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 2,709 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,681 891,303

% 65-74 years 55.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 28.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 16.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 61.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.4% 91.5%

% African American 3.6% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 53.3% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.6% 11.7%

% widowed 29.2% 30.2%

% never married 4.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 6.5% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 66.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 27.3% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 35.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 93.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.6% 4.7%

Page 18: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ASHLAND PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.3% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.1% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.8% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes 30.2% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 20.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 13.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension 75.9% 77.5%

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ASHLAND PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.5% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.5% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 22.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.5% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 47.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 23.1% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 22.5% 25.1%

% with cataract B 62.1% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.9% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.9% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 19.3% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.4% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 43.0% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 25.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 58.7% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.7% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 18.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.1% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.7% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.8% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 14.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 9.1% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 26.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 6.9% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 1.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.0% 24.3%

Page 20: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ASHLAND PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 251 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 5 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 22 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 658 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 51.3 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.7 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 369 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 19.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 103 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 86.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 10,735 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 79.9% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 114 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 958 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 9.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 26.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 33.5% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 39.6% 37.5%

Page 21: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

ASHLAND PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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AYER PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Ayer (Middlesex) Ayer is a town approximately 35 miles northwest of Boston with 1,047 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (83/100). Older residents of Ayer have higher rates of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and glaucoma. They have a greater rate of tooth loss and are less likely to take the health promotion step of getting a shingles vaccine. In addition, older residents of Ayer have a higher than the state average rate of emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Cultural Council. Senior transportation options and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 7,427 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,400 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.2% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,047 891,303

% 65-74 years 37.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 46.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 16.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 69.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 95.3% 91.5%

% African American 4.7% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 39.9% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 2.9% 11.7%

% widowed 44.7% 30.2%

% never married 12.5% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.0% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 62.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 25.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 31.2% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 93.8% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.1% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

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AYER PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.8% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.8% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.3% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 73.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 30.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 16.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 40.0% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 25.5% 23.3%

% with asthma 14.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.5% 77.5%

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AYER PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 6.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 59.4% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 34.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 20.6% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 52.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 23.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.9% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.6% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.5% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.8% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.3% 17.2%

% with anemia W 53.3% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 40.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 25.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 65.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 9.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.9% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.0% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 10.4% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.8% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 12.6% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 4.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 21.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 4.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 21.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 10.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.3% 24.3%

Page 25: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

AYER PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 23.1% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 13.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 127 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 2 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 12 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.6 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 812 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 56.1 52.7

Home health visits per year * 6.5 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.2 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 392 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 15.9% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 164 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 83.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 4,961 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 73.9% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 254 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,369 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 9.9% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 31.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 29.7% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 38.4% 37.5%

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AYER PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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BEDFORD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Bedford (Middlesex)

Bedford is a town approximately 15 miles northwest of Boston with 2,201 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a somewhat walkable community (60/100). Older residents of Bedford do better on many of the healthy aging indicators such as having lower rates of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and tooth loss; however, they have higher rates of glaucoma and breast cancer. Residents of Bedford do better than state average on health promotion indicators: physical activity, flu shots, mammograms, eating fruits and vegetables, not smoking, and going to the dentist. Their healthcare utilizations reflect healthy aging with fewer hospital stays and emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, access to the MBTA Ride, a Council on Aging, and Cultural Council.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 13,320 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 23.2% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,061 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 16.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,201 891,303

% 65-74 years 35.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 45.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 18.7% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.9% 91.5%

% African American 1.6% 3.8%

% Asian 0.4% 2.7%

% Other 0.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 53.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.3% 11.7%

% widowed 31.6% 30.2%

% never married 6.1% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 4.2% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 47.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 48.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 23.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 95.2% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 17.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.2% 4.7%

Page 28: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

BEDFORD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 6.2% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.3% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.7% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 64.7% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.7% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.7% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 24.1% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.5% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 17.9% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 70.4% 77.5%

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BEDFORD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 40.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 17.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.8% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 48.6% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.0% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 27.6% 25.1%

% with cataract 65.9% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.7% 17.2%

% with anemia B 45.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 37.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 18.1% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 54.6% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 10.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.7% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 5.7% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 5.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 11.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 20.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 6.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 11.4% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.3% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 18.8% 24.3%

Page 30: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

BEDFORD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 22.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 4.6% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 596 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 21 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.3 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 489 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 46.8 52.7

Home health visits per year * 2.3 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 265 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 88 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 60.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 9,842 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 78.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 37 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,075 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 7.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 31.5% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 61.0% 37.5%

Page 31: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

BEDFORD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

Page 32: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

BELMONT PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Belmont (Middlesex)

Belmont is a town 7 miles northwest of Boston with 3,799 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (72/100). Older residents of Belmont are doing better on most healthy aging indicators. They have lower than state average rates for: diabetes, stroke COPD, hypertension, heart attack, congestive heart failure, and tooth loss; however, they have a higher rate for breast cancer. Compared to state averages, older residents of Belmont are doing better on health promotion behaviors by maintaining a healthy weight, eating fruits and vegetables, physical activity, taking flu shots and shingles vaccine, colorectal cancer screening and seeing a dentist. They take fewer monthly prescription medications. Health utilization indicators in Belmont are lower than state averages for: hospital stays, nursing home stays, home health visits, and emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include access to the MBTA Ride, a Council on Aging, and recreation department.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 24,729 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 22.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,423 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,799 891,303

% 65-74 years 49.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 36.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 57.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 93.3% 91.5%

% African American 1.6% 3.8%

% Asian 5.1% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.2% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 61.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.2% 11.7%

% widowed 23.8% 30.2%

% never married 8.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 10.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 40.6% 54.5%

% with college degree 49.0% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 24.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 74.8% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.2% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.3% 4.7%

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BELMONT PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.3% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.1% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 77.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.3% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.2% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 16.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.3% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 75.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 61.2% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 21.8% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.5% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 88.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening B 74.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 23.7% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 85.3% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.7% 24.9%

% obese B 15.8% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 68.2% 73.6%

% current smokers B 3.3% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.2% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 6.7% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 81.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 28.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.9% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 22.4% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.5% 23.3%

% with asthma B 8.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 70.9% 77.5%

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BELMONT PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.4% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 42.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 21.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 48.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.9% 25.1%

% with cataract 65.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.4% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.3% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.6% 17.2%

% with anemia 49.1% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 41.3% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 16.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 55.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.9% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more B 25.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 3.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 12.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.6% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 5.4% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 5.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 5.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 20.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.8% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 6.4% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 17.1% 24.3%

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BELMONT PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 20.3% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 6.4% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost B 1.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 970 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 18 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 33 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.5 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 548 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 45.3 52.7

Home health visits per year * 3.2 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 310 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.2% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 89 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 72.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 17,821 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.7% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 92 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,162 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 15.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 28.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 56.0% 37.5%

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BELMONT PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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BILLERICA PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Billerica (Middlesex) Billerica is a town north of Boston with 4,643 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages, older residents of Billerica do better on many indicators of healthy aging by having lower rates of depression, Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, arthritis, hip fracture, colon and prostate cancer, and osteoporosis; however, they have a higher rate of diabetes. They have fewer emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, access to the LRTA, a Council on Aging, and recreation department. Senior transportation options and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 40,243 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 17.3% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 6,906 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 11.6% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,643 891,303

% 65-74 years 65.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 23.9% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 10.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 54.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.2% 91.5%

% African American 0.5% 3.8%

% Asian 1.7% 2.7%

% Other 0.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 3.4% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 62.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.4% 11.7%

% widowed 24.6% 30.2%

% never married 3.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 18.1% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 66.9% 54.5%

% with college degree 15.0% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 20.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 88.8% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.3% 4.7%

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BILLERICA PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.9% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.7% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.2% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture B 2.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 70.2% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 25.2% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 12.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 34.7% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.2% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 74.6% 77.5%

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BILLERICA PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 40.8% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 21.3% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 14.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.2% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 18.1% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 24.8% 25.1%

% with cataract B 55.0% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 2.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 10.9% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.2% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.6% 17.2%

% with anemia B 39.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 56.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 10.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.4% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 27.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 16.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.4% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 25.9% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 9.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 29.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 8.6% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 35.2% 24.3%

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BILLERICA PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 29.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 23 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 3 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 25 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 6.8 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 549 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 53.9 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.1 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 365 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 19.1% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 106 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 72.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 26,216 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 77.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 143 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,529 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.9% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 15.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 37.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 47.4% 37.5%

Page 41: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

BILLERICA PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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BOXBOROUGH PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Boxborough (Middlesex)

Boxborough is rural town northwest of Boston with 474 residents aged 65 and older. The walkscore indicates it is a car dependent community (35/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Boxborough do very well on healthy aging indicators. They are better than state averages with lower rates of: diabetes, COPD, hypertension, congestive heart failure, arthritis, osteoporosis, and tooth loss. They have fewer hospital stays and readmissions, nursing home stays, home health visits, emergency room visits, and a lower use rate of prescription medications. Their health promotion behaviors include physical activity, flu shots, annual dental visits, eating fruits and vegetables, and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and recreation department. Senior transportation options and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 4,996 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 15.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 761 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 9.6% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 474 891,303

% 65-74 years 61.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 25.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 13.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 58.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 90.3% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 9.7% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 54.9% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 22.2% 11.7%

% widowed 20.7% 30.2%

% never married 2.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 3.2% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 41.4% 54.5%

% with college degree 55.5% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 33.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 77.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.6% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.0% 4.7%

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BOXBOROUGH PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 5.2% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 58.9% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 24.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.0% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 15.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 15.0% 23.3%

% with asthma B 8.0% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 67.5% 77.5%

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BOXBOROUGH PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 3.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 42.5% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 18.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 12.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 41.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.0% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 24.6% 25.1%

% with cataract B 56.0% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.5% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.2% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 11.7% 17.2%

% with anemia B 34.0% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 28.0% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 15.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 45.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 14.2% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 15.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 19.7% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.3% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 0.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 23.3% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 13.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 12.8% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 0.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 13.4% 24.3%

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BOXBOROUGH PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 25.8% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 34 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 10 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 6.7 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 482 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 45.1 52.7

Home health visits per year * 1.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.0 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 214 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 11.5% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 49 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 35.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 3,582 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 82.8% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 119 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 935 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.1% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 14.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 40.9% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 44.2% 37.5%

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BOXBOROUGH PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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BURLINGTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Burlington (Middlesex) Burlington is a town north of Boston with 4,069 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a somewhat walkable community (68/100). Older residents of Burlington do better than state averages on most of the indicators of healthy aging including: self-rated health, rates, depression, diabetes, stroke, COPD, hypertension, arthritis, and quality of care measures. The only indicator where older residents of Burlington do worse than state averages in on rate of glaucoma. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, Cultural Council, lifelong learning opportunities, and access to senior transportation (MBTA Ride).

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 24,498 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 22.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,451 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 16.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,069 891,303

% 65-74 years 53.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 37.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 9.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.8% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 94.6% 91.5%

% African American 0.8% 3.8%

% Asian 4.2% 2.7%

% Other 0.5% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.5% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 58.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.4% 11.7%

% widowed 27.6% 30.2%

% never married 4.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 11.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 65.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 22.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 26.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 86.7% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.7% 4.7%

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BURLINGTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.3% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.4% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.2% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 67.2% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 26.2% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.0% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 29.6% 32.1%

% with stroke B 10.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 18.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 8.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 74.0% 77.5%

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BURLINGTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 43.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.5% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 31.9% 25.1%

% with cataract B 61.1% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.2% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.7% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 14.7% 17.2%

% with anemia B 42.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.9% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 56.4% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.3% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.7% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.4% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 12.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 13.1% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 27.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 5.5% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 16.3% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.8% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 17.6% 24.3%

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BURLINGTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 28.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.3% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 376 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 36 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 565 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 49.0 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 361 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 109 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 68.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 17,123 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 78.3% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 182 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,672 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.2% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 20.1% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 34.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 45.1% 37.5%

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BURLINGTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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CAMBRIDGE PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Cambridge (Middlesex) Cambridge is a city in Massachusetts with 10,574 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is an extremely walkable community (89/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Cambridge do better on nearly two dozen indicators of healthy aging related to chronic disease, preventive health, and quality of care. The only health indicator where older residents were worse compared to state averages was on depression. Cambridge is a community with many resources aimed at promoting healthy aging including: a walking club, Mass in Motion community, a YMCA, access to senior transportation (MBTA Ride, ITNGreaterBoston), a Council on Aging, arts council, and lifelong learning opportunities.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 105,162 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 14.8% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 15,479 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.1% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 10,574 891,303

% 65-74 years 51.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 30.6% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 79.8% 91.5%

% African American 10.2% 3.8%

% Asian 6.7% 2.7%

% Other 3.3% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.6% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 44.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 17.4% 11.7%

% widowed 23.7% 30.2%

% never married 14.8% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 18.1% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 31.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 50.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 39.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 75.0% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 6.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 4.1% 4.7%

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CAMBRIDGE PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.8% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.8% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 78.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 3.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 14.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 10.5% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 68.9% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 62.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 26.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening B 98.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 69.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.8% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 73.4% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 27.6% 24.9%

% obese 19.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 62.2% 73.6%

% current smokers B 5.5% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 14.1% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month B 2.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 77.4% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 32.4% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.9% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 24.9% 32.1%

% with stroke B 10.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.6% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.6% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 66.6% 77.5%

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CAMBRIDGE PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.5% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 38.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 20.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 14.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 46.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 20.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.5% 25.1%

% with cataract B 62.4% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.2% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 2.8% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.0% 17.2%

% with anemia 48.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 36.9% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 18.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 52.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.6% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 30.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.4% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.2% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.5% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 9.9% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 6.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 11.5% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 13.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 5.1% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.6% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.3% 24.3%

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CAMBRIDGE PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.0% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 19.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.8% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.7% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 4,564 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 11 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 20 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 51 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.0 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 598 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.6 52.7

Home health visits per year * 3.4 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 300 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 15.9% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 97 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 89.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 69,357 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 73.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 453 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,986 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 12.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 29.4% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 22.2% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 48.4% 37.5%

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CAMBRIDGE PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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CARLISLE PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Carlisle (Middlesex) Carlisle is a rural town northwest of Boston with 551 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates that this is a car dependent community (31/100). By nearly every measure, older residents of Carlisle are doing better than state averages on indicators related to preventive health, quality of care, and chronic diseases. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Council on Aging, and arts council. Access to senior transportation is limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 4,852 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 980 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 11.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 551 891,303

% 65-74 years 64.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 34.5% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 1.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 41.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 78.4% 91.5%

% African American 1.1% 3.8%

% Asian 20.5% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 77.5% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 2.0% 11.7%

% widowed 15.8% 30.2%

% never married 4.7% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 1.3% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 24.5% 54.5%

% with college degree 74.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 7.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 78.0% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 10.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 1.4% 4.7%

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CARLISLE PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 55.8% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 21.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 11.7% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 18.3% 32.1%

% with stroke B 9.4% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 10.8% 23.3%

% with asthma B 8.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 61.5% 77.5%

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CARLISLE PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 2.8% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 27.3% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 8.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 11.0% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 43.2% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.5% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 19.3% 25.1%

% with cataract B 59.2% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 1.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.1% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 12.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 37.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 10.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 42.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 13.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 3.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 23.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 0.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 3.7% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 3.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 27.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 3.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 2.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 3.7% 24.3%

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CARLISLE PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 3.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 0 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 8 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 6.1 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 393 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 39.6 52.7

Home health visits per year * 2.0 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.1 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 213 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 9.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 59 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 31.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 3,933 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.8% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 0 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 389 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 8.7% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 24.8% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 7.7% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 67.5% 37.5%

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CARLISLE PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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CHELMSFORD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Chelmsford (Middlesex) Chelmsford is a town located in the Greater Lowell area with 5,331 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates that this is a car dependent community (25/100). Compared to state averages, older residents in Chelmsford do better on several healthy aging indicators including: lower rates of depression, Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias, diabetes, COPD, hypertension, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, prostate cancer, osteoporosis, and prescription medication use. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Council on Aging, a parks department, and lifelong learning opportunities/area college.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 33,802 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 21.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 7,219 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.9% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 5,331 891,303

% 65-74 years 54.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.2% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.4% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 57.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.1% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 3.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.8% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 59.2% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.7% 11.7%

% widowed 29.3% 30.2%

% never married 3.8% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.3% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 58.1% 54.5%

% with college degree 29.6% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 24.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 91.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.2% 4.7%

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CHELMSFORD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.2% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.5% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 24.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 13.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 29.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.5% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 75.8% 77.5%

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CHELMSFORD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 4.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 38.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 20.0% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 14.8% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 19.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.5% 25.1%

% with cataract 65.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 12.7% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.2% 17.2%

% with anemia B 43.2% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 38.4% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 56.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 20.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.2% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 13.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 10.9% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 24.1% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.5% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 27.1% 24.3%

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CHELMSFORD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 29.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 137 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 11 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 29 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.3 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 544 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 49.2 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.9 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 350 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.0% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 120 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 25.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 24,504 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 94 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,529 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 20.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 37.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 42.2% 37.5%

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CHELMSFORD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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CONCORD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Concord (Middlesex) Concord is a town 20 miles west of Boston with 3,555 residents aged 65 and above. Concord is a very walkable city with a walkscore of 92/100. Compared to the state average, older residents of Concord do better on several healthy aging indicators: diabetes, COPD, hypertension, heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, tooth loss, annual hospital stays, inpatient hospital readmissions, emergency room visits, prescription medication use, physical activity in the last month, mammogram in the last two years, flu shot in the last year, annual dental exam, eating 5 or more fruits of vegetables daily, and current smoker status. However, residents of Concord score worse on Alzheimer’s disease and breast cancer. Community resources to promote healthy aging include access to the MBTA Ride, a Council on Aging, lifelong learning opportunities/area colleges, and an arts council.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 17,668 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 25.6% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 4,493 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 20.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,555 891,303

% 65-74 years 43.9% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 38.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 55.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.5% 91.5%

% African American 1.1% 3.8%

% Asian 0.2% 2.7%

% Other 1.2% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 57.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.1% 11.7%

% widowed 26.1% 30.2%

% never married 4.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 4.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 37.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 57.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 27.7% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 89.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 14.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.6% 4.7%

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CONCORD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 6.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.6% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.3% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 60.5% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 16.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 17.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.5% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.4% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 65.4% 77.5%

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CONCORD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.8% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 40.3% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 17.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.3% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 52.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 20.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.2% 25.1%

% with cataract W 70.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 13.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.1% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.1% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.2% 17.2%

% with anemia B 41.1% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 33.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 15.6% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 52.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 9.1% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.2% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 10.5% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 16.4% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 3.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 29.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 16.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 29.1% 24.3%

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CONCORD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.5% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 4.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 140 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 5 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 18 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 564 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 43.6 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.5 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.2 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 267 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 10.5% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 105 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 92.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 13,012 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.0% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 40 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 980 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.2% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 9.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 26.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 64.0% 37.5%

Page 71: MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY DATA ......data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging ServiceAccess Points,

CONCORD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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DRACUT PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Dracut (Middlesex) Dracut is a suburban community belonging to Greater Lowell and bordering New Hampshire. It has a population of 3,623 residents 65 and older. Dracut is very walkable with a walkscore of 74/100. Compared to state averages, older residents of Dracut do better on several indicators including: Alzheimer’s and other dementias, congestive heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, breast cancer, prostate cancer, osteoporosis, and emergency room visits. However, older residents of Dracut score worse on diabetes, COPD, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a recreation department.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 29,457 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.7% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,455 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,623 891,303

% 65-74 years 50.7% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 35.2% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.1% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 55.5% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 95.0% 91.5%

% African American 1.3% 3.8%

% Asian 1.8% 2.7%

% Other 1.9% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.3% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 55.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.4% 11.7%

% widowed 35.8% 30.2%

% never married 1.8% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 32.8% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 60.4% 54.5%

% with college degree 6.8% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 26.2% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 75.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.6% 4.7%

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DRACUT PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.9% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 78.6% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 12.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 40.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease W 28.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 79.4% 77.5%

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DRACUT PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 46.8% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 22.4% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 17.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.1% 25.1%

% with cataract B 60.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer B 8.6% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 10.6% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.0% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.1% 17.2%

% with anemia 47.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 38.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 25.3% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 63.4% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.1% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 20.7% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.8% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 11.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.2% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 11.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 15.5% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 27.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 8.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 8.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.8% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.3% 24.3%

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DRACUT PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 34.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 10.4% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 191 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 10 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 28 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 580 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 51.6 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.6 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.4 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 393 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.8% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 103 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 74.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 20,065 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 76.3% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 44 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 925 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.1% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 26.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 38.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 35.5% 37.5%

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DRACUT PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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DUNSTABLE PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Dunstable (Middlesex) Dunstable is a rural community located just south of the New Hampshire border. It has a population of 331 aged 65 and older. Dunstable is a car dependent community with a walkscore of only 32/100. Compared to state averages, older Dunstable residents do better on many healthy aging indicators including depression, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, glaucoma, osteoporosis, annual skilled nursing stays, and monthly prescription medication use. Community resources to promote healthy aging include access to the MBTA Ride, a Cultural Council, and a Council on Aging.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 3,179 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.8% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 525 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.6% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 331 891,303

% 65-74 years 69.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 23.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 7.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 61.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 100.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 56.2% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 13.0% 11.7%

% widowed 30.8% 30.2%

% never married 0.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 10.0% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 62.5% 54.5%

% with college degree 27.5% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 19.0% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 98.2% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.2% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 2.0% 4.7%

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DUNSTABLE PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 2.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 15.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 12.7% 14.4%

% with diabetes 26.1% 32.1%

% with stroke 9.6% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 19.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 9.5% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 68.5% 77.5%

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DUNSTABLE PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.8% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 43.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 19.5% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 38.7% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 12.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 19.4% 25.1%

% with cataract B 54.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 7.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 1.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 10.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.2% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.3% 17.2%

% with anemia B 38.2% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 37.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 20.0% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 49.7% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 12.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.0% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 3.5% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 19.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.5% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 20.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 7.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.3% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 20.9% 24.3%

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DUNSTABLE PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 18.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 4.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 37 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 9 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.8 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 517 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 44.9 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.4 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 1.6 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 319 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 49 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 32.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 2,230 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 158 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,699 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 12.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 41.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 46.5% 37.5%

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DUNSTABLE PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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EVERETT PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Everett (Middlesex) Everett has 4,802 people aged 65 and older. Everett is a very walkable community with a walkscore of 89/100. Compared to state averages, older residents of Everett do better on several healthy aging indicators with lower rates of stroke, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and prostate cancer. However, older residents of Everett have higher rates of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and lung cancer. They have a greater than state average number of hospital stays, inpatient hospital readmissions, and emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging are a walking club, being a Mass in Motion community, access to the MBTA Ride, a Council on Aging, and a recreation department.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 41,667 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 6,556 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 11.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,802 891,303

% 65-74 years 43.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 39.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.2% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 90.0% 91.5%

% African American 6.6% 3.8%

% Asian 2.4% 2.7%

% Other 0.9% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 3.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 43.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.8% 11.7%

% widowed 34.2% 30.2%

% never married 11.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 29.2% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 62.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 8.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 34.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 73.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.0% 4.7%

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EVERETT PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.8% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.0% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 73.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 28.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 34.8% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease W 25.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 81.6% 77.5%

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EVERETT PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 45.8% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 33.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 46.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 20.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 24.3% 25.1%

% with cataract B 59.0% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.3% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.5% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 12.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer W 2.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.5% 17.2%

% with anemia 48.4% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 37.3% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 24.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions W 64.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.6% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.8% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.7% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.3% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 11.5% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 10.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 25.4% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 34.2% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 2.1% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 10.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 10.3% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.6% 24.3%

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EVERETT PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 12.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 23.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 993 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 3 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 20 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 42 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 6.6 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 760 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 55.8 52.7

home health visits per year 4.6 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 2.3 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 399 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 19.5% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 126 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 89.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 19,903 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 66.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 465 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,519 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 12.3% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 37.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 33.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 28.3% 37.5%

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EVERETT PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, Deepak Kafle, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

*Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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FRAMINGHAM PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Framingham (Middlesex) Framingham is a community located 20 miles west of Boston. It has 9,020 residents aged 65 and older and is considered “a walker’s paradise” (walkscore: 95/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Framingham have a lower rate of glaucoma. However, older residents of Framingham score have higher rates of depression, Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, breast cancer, colon cancer, and osteoporosis. Rates are higher than state average for annual hospital stays, inpatient hospital readmissions, and emergency room visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, YMCA, access to the MBTA Ride, a volunteer driver program, a Council on Aging, a Cultural Council, lifelong learning opportunities/area colleges, and it is a Mass in Motion community.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 68,318 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.3% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 12,411 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 13.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 9,020 891,303

% 65-74 years 50.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 33.0% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 16.9% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 89.5% 91.5%

% African American 3.8% 3.8%

% Asian 1.8% 2.7%

% Other 4.9% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 7.9% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 47.2% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.5% 11.7%

% widowed 31.8% 30.2%

% never married 8.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 15.0% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 47.5% 54.5%

% with college degree 37.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 31.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 81.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.9% 4.7%

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FRAMINGHAM PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.9% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 76.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 30.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 16.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.5% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.3% 23.3%

% with asthma W 12.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 79.7% 77.5%

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FRAMINGHAM PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 47.3% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 25.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 25.2% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 23.3% 25.1%

% with cataract W 67.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.0% 10.3%

% with colon cancer W 3.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.6% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.3% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.5% 17.2%

% with anemia W 53.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 43.4% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 25.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions W 64.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 24.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.2% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 13.9% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.8% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 15.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 10.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.1% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 13.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 5.5% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 24.1% 24.3%

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FRAMINGHAM PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.0% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 15.3% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 325 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 9 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 41 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 9.0 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 776 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 55.3 52.7

Home health visits per year * 5.6 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.1 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 418 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 18.9% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 128 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 95.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 36,948 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 76.0% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 272 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,638 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 5 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.8% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 27.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 32.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 21.0% 21.2%

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FRAMINGHAM PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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GROTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Groton (Middlesex) Groton is a town in northwestern Middlesex County with 1,016 residents aged 65 and older. Groton is somewhat walkable with a walkscore of 52/100. Compared to state averages, older residents of Groton do better on several healthy aging indicators with lower rates of COPD and hypertension. However, older residents of Groton score worse than state averages on indicators such as congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and tooth loss. They are less likely to take the health promotion step of having a shingles vaccine. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, a recreation department, and a walking club.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 10,646 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 14.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,478 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 9.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,016 891,303

% 65-74 years 53.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 34.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 12.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 53.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.7% 91.5%

% African American 2.5% 3.8%

% Asian 0.9% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 59.9% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 15.0% 11.7%

% widowed 20.2% 30.2%

% never married 4.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 18.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 37.4% 54.5%

% with college degree 44.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 33.7% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 93.0% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 14.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

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GROTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 6.9% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 71.2% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 29.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 17.2% 14.4%

% with diabetes 29.2% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 73.2% 77.5%

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GROTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.1% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 51.4% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 31.4% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 21.5% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 46.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 27.1% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 12.6% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 4.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.0% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 35.4% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 19.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 58.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 10.7% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 12.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 32.2% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 12.5% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 38.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 2.8% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 45.1% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 28.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 0.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 34.2% 24.3%

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GROTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 125 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 2 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 12 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 8.1 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 662 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 49.5 52.7

Home health visits per year 5.6 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.0 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 357 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 19.7% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 130 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 52.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 7,820 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 81.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 0 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 177 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 10.7% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 24.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 34.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 41.5% 37.5%

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GROTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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HOLLISTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Holliston (Middlesex) Holliston is a suburban town west of Boston with 1,715 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (75/100). Older residents of Holliston do better than state averages on several indicators of healthy aging including: lower rates of Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, COPD, heart attack, congestive heart failure, arthritis, and number of monthly prescription medications. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a recreation department. Access to senior transportation and physical activity facilities are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 13,547 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.7% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 2,660 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,715 891,303

% 65-74 years 55.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 33.5% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 10.9% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 54.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.0% 91.5%

% African American 2.7% 3.8%

% Asian 1.2% 2.7%

% Other 0.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.1% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 58.3% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 8.3% 11.7%

% widowed 29.7% 30.2%

% never married 3.7% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 46.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 40.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 25.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 96.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 16.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.7% 4.7%

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HOLLISTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.8% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.6% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 75.4% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.8% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 11.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes 29.7% 32.1%

% with stroke B 10.2% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension 76.9% 77.5%

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HOLLISTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 41.5% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 20.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 45.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 20.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.9% 25.1%

% with cataract 64.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 12.2% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 16.6% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.2% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.2% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 39.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 57.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.4% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 27.3% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.1% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 5.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 4.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 11.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 9.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 20.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 10.3% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 0.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 17.5% 24.3%

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HOLLISTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.6% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 10 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 2 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 13 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 670 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 49.2 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.3 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 355 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 111 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 75.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 10,507 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 79.3% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,007 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 6,034 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 21.8% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 29.6% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 48.6% 37.5%

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HOLLISTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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HOPKINTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Hopkinton (Middlesex) Hopkinton is a rural town in central Massachusetts with 1,186 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (74/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Hopkinton do better on several indicators of healthy aging with lower rates of depression, diabetes, COPD, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, arthritis, glaucoma, colon cancer, and osteoporosis; however, they have a higher rate for hospital readmissions. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, a YMCA, and a Cultural Council. Access to senior transportation and lifelong learning opportunities are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 14,925 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 13.9% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 2,045 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 8.1% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,186 891,303

% 65-74 years 59.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.8% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 8.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 55.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.1% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 1.9% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.8% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 59.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.5% 11.7%

% widowed 26.6% 30.2%

% never married 3.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 53.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 34.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 28.0% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 91.2% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 15.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.0% 4.7%

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HOPKINTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.9% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.1% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 71.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.2% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 27.8% 32.1%

% with stroke 10.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 18.5% 23.3%

% with asthma 12.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension 74.3% 77.5%

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HOPKINTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 36.1% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 21.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.6% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 45.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 18.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 21.6% 25.1%

% with cataract B 59.4% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.9% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 2.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.0% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 18.1% 17.2%

% with anemia B 42.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 35.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 18.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 53.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 10.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.8% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 16.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 0.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 10.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 9.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 21.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 14.1% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 2.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.6% 24.3%

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HOPKINTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 25.0% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 13 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 19 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.8 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 596 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 50.1 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.0 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 370 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 21.2% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 103 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 74.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 10,395 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 83.7% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 0 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 633 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 0.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 18.8% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 28.3% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 52.8% 37.5%

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HOPKINTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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HUDSON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Hudson (Middlesex) Hudson is a town in the metrowest region approximately 30 miles west of Boston. It has 2,735 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates it is a very walkable community (75/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Hudson do better on several healthy aging indicators with lower rates of COPD, glaucoma, and nursing home stays. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Mass in Motion community, a Council on Aging, and recreation department. Access to senior transportation and physical activity facilities are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 19,063 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,858 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,735 891,303

% 65-74 years 56.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 32.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.2% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 54.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.9% 2.7%

% Other 1.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 63.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 13.9% 11.7%

% widowed 17.9% 30.2%

% never married 4.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 20.8% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 56.6% 54.5%

% with college degree 22.6% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 28.4% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 84.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.9% 4.7%

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HUDSON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.2% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 3.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.5% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 76.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 30.4% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.7% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 20.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 12.5% 11.8%

% with hypertension 78.8% 77.5%

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HUDSON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 45.1% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 24.1% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 47.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 22.9% 25.1%

% with cataract W 72.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 8.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.1% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.0% 17.2%

% with anemia 47.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 38.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 24.0% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 62.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 9.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 21.3% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 7.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 7.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 7.6% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.4% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 4.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 6.6% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 21.5% 24.3%

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HUDSON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 35.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 10.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 31 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 2 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 32 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 627 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 53.4 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.1 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.3 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 322 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 93 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 75.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 12,878 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 78.3% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 52 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,090 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 45.3% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 32.2% 37.5%

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HUDSON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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LEXINGTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Lexington (Middlesex) Lexington is a suburban town about 14 miles northwest of Boston. It has 5,679 residents aged 65 or older and is a very walkable community (walkscore: 80/100). They do better on many healthy aging indicators with lower rates of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, heath attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, tooth loss, hospital stays, nursing home stays, emergency room visits, and prescription medications. However, they have higher rates of Alzheimer’s disease, prostate cancer, and osteoporosis. They do well on health promotion behaviors including exercise, mammography, flu shots, annual dental check-ups, eating recommended levels of fruits and vegetables, and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, access to the MBTA Ride, and a recreation department. Access to physical activity and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 31,394 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 25.2% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 7,831 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 18.2% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 5,679 891,303

% 65-74 years 45.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 37.6% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 16.9% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 87.8% 91.5%

% African American 1.7% 3.8%

% Asian 10.5% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.8% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 62.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.1% 11.7%

% widowed 22.6% 30.2%

% never married 6.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 6.5% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 34.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 59.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 22.8% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 80.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.5% 4.7%

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LEXINGTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.4% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.6% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 65.3% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.4% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 15.8% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 22.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.6% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 14.7% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 68.9% 77.5%

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LEXINGTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 38.5% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 18.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.3% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 24.5% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.0% 25.1%

% with cataract W 69.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.5% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer W 16.9% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.6% 17.2%

% with anemia 48.3% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 40.1% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.3% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 53.2% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 10.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 15.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.8% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 5.2% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.2% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.4% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 5.3% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 22.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 9.3% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.9% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 16.3% 24.3%

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LEXINGTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 16.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 604 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 7 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 36 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 496 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 46.7 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 285 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 94 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 80.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 22,174 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 83.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 41 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,051 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.9% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 13.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 23.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 63.4% 37.5%

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LEXINGTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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LINCOLN PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Lincoln (Middlesex) Middlesex County with 796 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates this is a car dependent community (42/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Lincoln do better on many healthy aging indicators: self-rated health, diabetes, COPD, hypertension, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, colon cancer, tooth loss, hospital stays, nursing home stays, emergency room visits, prescription medications, exercise, mammography, flu shot, annual dental check-up, eating fruits and vegetables, and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, access to the MBTA Ride and ITN Greater Boston, and a recreation department. Access to physical activity and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 6,362 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,195 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 796 891,303

% 65-74 years 28.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 36.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 35.7% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 52.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 100.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 71.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 5.3% 11.7%

% widowed 20.4% 30.2%

% never married 2.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 2.5% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 31.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 66.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 19.8% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 94.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.3% 4.7%

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LINCOLN PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.3% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.9% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 61.9% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 17.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 14.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.0% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 60.0% 77.5%

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LINCOLN PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 38.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 15.4% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.8% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.0% 25.1%

% with cataract 68.2% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.3% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 1.8% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 17.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.3% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 40.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 35.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 14.5% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 49.4% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 15.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 6.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 2.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.6% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.6% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 22.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 8.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.6% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 17.7% 24.3%

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LINCOLN PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 20.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 3.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 122 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 3 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 14 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.6 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 544 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 38.1 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.3 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.2 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 258 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 89 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 42.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 4,546 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 82.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 125 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 890 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 11.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 6.9% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 81.2% 37.5%

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LINCOLN PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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LITTLETON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Littleton (Middlesex) Littleton is a rural town about 35 miles northwest of Boston with 1,306 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates this is a car dependent community (32/100). Compared to state averages, older residents do better on several indicators: hypertension, arthritis, tooth loss, prescription medication use, exercise, mammography, flu shot, annual dental check-up, eating fruits and vegetables, and not smoking. They score worse on only one indicator with a higher rate of glaucoma. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a recreation department. Access to senior transportation, physical activity and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 8,924 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.9% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,752 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,306 891,303

% 65-74 years 42.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 43.5% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.2% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 61.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 95.3% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 4.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.8% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 46.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 17.0% 11.7%

% widowed 34.5% 30.2%

% never married 2.5% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 17.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 51.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 31.6% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 26.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 88.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

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LITTLETON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 9.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 66.9% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.8% 14.4%

% with diabetes 29.0% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.5% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 21.2% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 71.5% 77.5%

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LITTLETON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 3.8% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.3% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.5% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.6% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 19.4% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.7% 25.1%

% with cataract 64.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.2% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.6% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 13.5% 17.2%

% with anemia B 44.4% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 37.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 20.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 58.2% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 9.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 21.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 6.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.3% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.7% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 13.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 22.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 11.6% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 26.9% 24.3%

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LITTLETON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 31.5% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.8% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 4 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 16 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.6 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 594 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 47.3 52.7

Home health visits per year * 3.2 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 313 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.0% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 104 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 32.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 6,458 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 84.3% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 111 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,036 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 10.1% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 34.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 25.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 39.5% 37.5%

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LITTLETON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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LOWELL PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Lowell (Middlesex) Lowell is the fourth largest city in the state. It has 11,478 residents aged 65 or older and is a very walkable community (walkscore: 77/100). Compared to state averages, older residents do better on a few healthy aging indicators including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and osteoporosis. However, older residents of Lowell do worse on many healthy aging indicators including: depression, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, stroke, COPD, hypertension, heart attack, tooth loss, hospital stays, emergency room visits, exercise, screening for colon cancer, shingles vaccine, annual dental check-up, eating fruits and vegetables, and obesity. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Mass in Motion community, a YMCA, a Council on Aging, a recreation department, and lifelong learning opportunities. Access to senior transportation is limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 106,519 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 15.7% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 16,598 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 11,478 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.9% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 36.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.7% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 61.8% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 83.6% 91.5%

% African American 3.0% 3.8%

% Asian 9.4% 2.7%

% Other 4.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 6.2% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 41.4% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 11.6% 11.7%

% widowed 38.1% 30.2%

% never married 8.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 38.8% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 48.9% 54.5%

% with college degree 12.3% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 29.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 66.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate W 5.5% 4.7%

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LOWELL PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.6% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month W 58.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.7% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.3% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status W 31.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 17.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 92.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 9.5% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.9% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening W 59.4% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 46.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam W 61.4% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day W 14.2% 24.9%

% obese W 30.6% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 76.2% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.7% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.6% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life W 93.4% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support W 72.5% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 32.4% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 17.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 44.0% 32.1%

% with stroke W 16.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease W 29.4% 23.3%

% with asthma W 13.1% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 81.1% 77.5%

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LOWELL PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack W 6.1% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.4% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 25.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 14.5% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 19.2% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.2% 25.1%

% with cataract B 61.6% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer B 7.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 9.7% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.0% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.7% 17.2%

% with anemia W 53.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 34.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 27.6% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions W 66.8% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 32.5% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.4% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 22.2% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 4.2% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 11.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 6.7% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 16.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 19.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 33.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 5.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 12.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 28.8% 24.3%

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LOWELL PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 31.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 33.4% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 94.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.6% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 240 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 14 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 39 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 6.6 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 741 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 55.4 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.4 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 2.5 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 421 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.6% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 141 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 77.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 54,683 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 62.6% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 742 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,894 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 14.3% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 36.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 34.7% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 28.7% 37.5%

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LOWELL PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MALDEN PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Malden (Middlesex) Malden is a city 5 miles northwest of Boston with 7,056 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a community that is very walkable (86/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Malden have lower rates of osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, prostate cancer and osteoporosis. They have higher rates of diabetes, congestive heart failure and lung cancer. They also have a higher than state average rate of hospital admissions and emergency department visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include being a MA Department of Public Health Mass in Motion community, having a walking club, a YMCA, a Council on Aging, a cultural council, lifelong learning opportunities, access to the MBTA Ride and to volunteer driver programs.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 59,450 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.6% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 9,778 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 7,056 891,303

% 65-74 years 49.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 35.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 15.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 58.7% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 80.1% 91.5%

% African American 6.5% 3.8%

% Asian 12.5% 2.7%

% Other 0.9% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 4.6% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 52.4% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.2% 11.7%

% widowed 29.1% 30.2%

% never married 8.4% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 30.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 55.4% 54.5%

% with college degree 14.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 30.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 69.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.4% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.1% 4.7%

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MALDEN PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.8% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.3% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 71.4% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 30.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 37.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 24.5% 23.3%

% with asthma 12.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension 78.8% 77.5%

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MALDEN PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 45.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 28.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 46.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 20.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.8% 25.1%

% with cataract B 60.8% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.6% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.5% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 11.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer W 2.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 18.1% 17.2%

% with anemia 47.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 36.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 23.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 62.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.4% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 21.9% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 4.7% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 18.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.4% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 12.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 10.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.1% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.4% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 5.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 27.0% 24.3%

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MALDEN PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.0% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 26.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 793 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 20 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 50 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 6.9 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 713 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 54.7 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.2 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.1 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 416 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 19.2% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 129 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 86.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 30,968 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 68.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 418 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,185 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 14.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 37.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 35.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 27.2% 37.5%

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MALDEN PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MARLBOROUGH PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Marlborough (Middlesex) Marlborough is a city with 4,718 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates this is a very walkable community (88/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Marlborough have higher rates on several medical conditions including depression, Alzheimer’s disease, COPD, hypertension and heart disease. They are also more likely than the state average rate to have more hospital admissions, emergency department visits, nursing home stays, and home health visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include being a MA Department of Public Health Mass in Motion community, having a walking club, a Council on Aging, a cultural council and lifelong learning opportunities. They have access to ITN GreaterBoston and to volunteer driver programs.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 38,499 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 17.8% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 6,782 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,718 891,303

% 65-74 years 47.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 39.8% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 12.9% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 57.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.4% 91.5%

% African American 1.5% 3.8%

% Asian 1.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 47.9% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 14.6% 11.7%

% widowed 31.2% 30.2%

% never married 6.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 15.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 64.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 19.6% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 35.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 84.0% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate W 5.6% 4.7%

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MARLBOROUGH PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.6% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.5% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 75.5% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 31.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 16.5% 14.4%

% with diabetes 33.5% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease W 25.2% 23.3%

% with asthma W 13.5% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 80.9% 77.5%

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MARLBOROUGH PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack W 5.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 48.3% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 28.1% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 18.0% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 24.8% 25.1%

% with cataract W 71.4% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.2% 17.2%

% with anemia W 50.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 37.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 25.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions W 65.6% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.9% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 9.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 6.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 6.9% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 24.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 9.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.6% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 26.9% 24.3%

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MARLBOROUGH PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 30.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 14.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 86 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 3 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 32 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.4 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 738 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 57.0 52.7

Home health visits per year * 5.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.2 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 401 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.7% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 147 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 88.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 21,737 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 77.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 472 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,996 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 8.2% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 26.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 38.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 35.0% 37.5%

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MARLBOROUGH PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MAYNARD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Maynard (Middlesex) Maynard is a town 20 miles west of Boston with 1,282 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a this is a “walker’s paradise (98/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Maynard have lower rates of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and tooth loss. They take fewer than the average number of monthly prescription medications. They are likely to engage in the health promotion steps of exercising, mammograms, flu shots, eating 5 or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Cultural Council.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 10,106 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,913 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,282 891,303

% 65-74 years 46.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 42.2% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.4% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 52.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 100.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 56.4% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.5% 11.7%

% widowed 24.9% 30.2%

% never married 8.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 11.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 72.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 16.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 36.9% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 89.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 15.4% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.5% 4.7%

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MAYNARD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.2% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.0% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 60.8% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.2% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 25.9% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.3% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 71.4% 77.5%

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MAYNARD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 6.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 43.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 21.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 13.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 43.0% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 22.1% 25.1%

% with cataract 63.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 13.3% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 4.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.0% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 13.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 40.1% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 26.4% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 20.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 55.8% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.6% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 15.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 26.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 16.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 18.6% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 11.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 21.1% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 1.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 31.6% 24.3%

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MAYNARD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 34.1% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 151 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 20 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year 7.2 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 707 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 46.6 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.5 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.6 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 367 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 130 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 98.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 7,255 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 246 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 915 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.1% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.0% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 39.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 38.9% 37.5%

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MAYNARD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MEDFORD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Medford (Middlesex) Medford is a city 5 miles northwest of Boston with 8,729 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates this is a very walkable community (82/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Medford have lower rates of stroke and prostate cancer; they have higher rates of diabetes, heart disease, hip fracture, glaucoma, lung cancer and osteoporosis. They have a higher rate of hospital admissions and emergency department visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include being a MA Department of Public Health Mass in Motion community, having a walking club, a Council on Aging, a Cultural Council, and access to the MBTA Ride.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 56,173 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 21.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 11,772 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.6% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 8,729 891,303

% 65-74 years 43.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 39.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.8% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 89.7% 91.5%

% African American 4.6% 3.8%

% Asian 4.3% 2.7%

% Other 1.4% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 51.3% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.3% 11.7%

% widowed 30.0% 30.2%

% never married 9.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 28.8% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 52.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 18.5% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 29.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 75.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 10.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.2% 4.7%

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MEDFORD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.8% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.9% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.7% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture W 4.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 74.2% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 29.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.9% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 33.7% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.4% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 24.3% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension 78.7% 77.5%

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MEDFORD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.6% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 52.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 30.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 25.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 29.6% 25.1%

% with cataract 64.6% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.4% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.7% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 12.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer W 2.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.3% 17.2%

% with anemia W 50.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 41.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 24.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions W 64.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 6.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 18.9% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.1% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 9.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.5% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 13.9% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 21.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 8.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 8.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 19.4% 24.3%

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MEDFORD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.5% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 13.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 963 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 4 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 17 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 45 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.1 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 787 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 52.8 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.7 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 434 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 19.2% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 127 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 82.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 37,539 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 74.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 105 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,125 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 11.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 27.1% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 38.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 34.8% 37.5%

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MEDFORD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MELROSE PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Melrose (Middlesex) Melrose is a city located in the greater Boston metropolitan area with 4,012 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a community that is very walkable (85/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Melrose have lower rates of diabetes and osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis; they have higher than state average rates for emergency department visits, hospital admissions and nursing home stays. Community resources to promote healthy aging include being a MA Department of Public Health Mass in Motion community, a YMCA, a Council on Aging, a Cultural Council and access to the MBTA Ride.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 26,983 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 21.2% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,691 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.9% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,012 891,303

% 65-74 years 47.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 33.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 19.2% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 57.6% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.1% 91.5%

% African American 0.6% 3.8%

% Asian 2.3% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.9% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 51.4% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 11.2% 11.7%

% widowed 30.9% 30.2%

% never married 6.5% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.0% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 61.9% 54.5%

% with college degree 26.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 32.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 88.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.6% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.5% 4.7%

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MELROSE PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.9% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.9% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 70.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.8% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.5% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 30.1% 32.1%

% with stroke 13.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.3% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.3% 11.8%

% with hypertension 76.3% 77.5%

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MELROSE PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 26.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 46.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.5% 25.1%

% with cataract 66.8% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.7% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.1% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 21.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 45.9% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 36.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 19.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 60.6% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 16.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.3% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 4.2% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 7.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 12.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 32.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.1% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.5% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 26.8% 24.3%

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MELROSE PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 23.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 11.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 678 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 18 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 33 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.0 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 731 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 52.1 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.0 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.6 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 407 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 147 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 85.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 19,552 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.0% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 169 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,124 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 10.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 28.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 30.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 41.7% 37.5%

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MELROSE PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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NATICK PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Natick (Middlesex) Natick is a metrowest suburban community 15 miles west of Boston with 4,584 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a community that is very walkable (77/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents of Natick have lower rates of diabetes and COPD; but have higher rates of glaucoma, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and osteoporosis. They have greater than state average rates of hospital admissions and emergency department visits. Community resources to promote healthy aging include access to the MBTA Ride and to ITN Greater Boston, a Council on Aging, and cultural district.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 33,006 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.9% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 6,502 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,584 891,303

% 65-74 years 47.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 35.0% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.4% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 97.0% 91.5%

% African American 1.4% 3.8%

% Asian 1.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.9% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 50.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 11.0% 11.7%

% widowed 32.0% 30.2%

% never married 7.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 12.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 48.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 38.3% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 34.4% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 86.8% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.1% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.5% 4.7%

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NATICK PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.3% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 73.5% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 28.9% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 28.8% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 21.6% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.4% 77.5%

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NATICK PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.5% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 24.1% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 51.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 25.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 29.4% 25.1%

% with cataract 66.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.8% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer W 16.9% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 20.7% 17.2%

% with anemia W 51.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 47.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 22.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 62.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 3.3% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 22.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.9% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.9% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.8% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 6.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 14.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 22.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 5.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 8.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 9.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 15.1% 24.3%

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NATICK PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 22.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 10.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 249 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 6 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 31 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.9 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 739 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 52.3 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.6 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 399 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.5% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 110 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 77.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 24,330 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 77.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 136 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,918 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 26.4% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 31.8% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 41.8% 37.5%

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NATICK PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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NEWTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Newton (Middlesex) Newton is a suburban city about 7 miles west of downtown Boston with 12,690 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a community that is somewhat walkable (51/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of Newton have lower rates of diabetes, stroke, COPD, hypertension, and obesity; but they have higher rates of depression, osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, hip fracture, glaucoma, breast cancer, and osteoporosis. They take fewer monthly prescription medications than the state average rate and are more likely to engage in health promotion behaviors such as exercise, colorectal cancer screening, flu and shingles vaccines, dentist visits, eating 5 or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Council on Aging, a YMCA, access to the MBTA Ride and to ITN Greater Boston, and an arts and cultural center.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 85,146 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 21.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 17,784 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 12,690 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 32.9% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 18.9% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 92.4% 91.5%

% African American 1.8% 3.8%

% Asian 5.5% 2.7%

% Other 0.3% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.1% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 60.5% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.1% 11.7%

% widowed 26.0% 30.2%

% never married 4.4% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 7.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 34.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 57.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 27.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 77.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 9.6% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

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NEWTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 77.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.3% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture W 4.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 16.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.3% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 75.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 61.2% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 21.8% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.5% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 88.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening B 74.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 23.7% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 85.3% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.7% 24.9%

% obese B 15.8% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 69.8% 73.6%

% current smokers B 3.3% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.2% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 6.7% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 81.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 30.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 15.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 27.2% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.5% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 18.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.1% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 72.0% 77.5%

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NEWTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.5% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 43.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 15.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis W 54.2% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 23.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 26.4% 25.1%

% with cataract W 67.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.9% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.1% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.1% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.1% 17.2%

% with anemia W 50.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 48.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.6% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 58.3% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.2% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more B 25.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 17.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.4% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.8% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 10.4% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 25.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 2.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 10.5% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.9% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.1% 24.3%

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NEWTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 14.5% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 10.8% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost B 1.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 972 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 20 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 48 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.2 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 626 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.1 52.7

Home health visits per year * 5.2 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.6 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 341 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.0% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 120 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 51.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 57,639 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 78.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 93 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,379 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 8.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.4% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 20.3% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 57.3% 37.5%

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NEWTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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NORTH READING PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

North Reading (Middlesex) North Reading is an outlying suburban town in greater Boston and has 1,693 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates a community that is somewhat walkable (54/100). Compared to state averages, older residents of North Reading have lower rates of depression, COPD, hypertension, osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis; but they have a higher rate for glaucoma. They have fewer emergency department visits and take less than the state average number of monthly prescription medications. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a MA Department of Public Health walking club, a Council on Aging, and an arts and cultural center.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 14,892 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 2,423 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 11.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,693 891,303

% 65-74 years 65.7% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 24.0% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 10.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.9% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 1.1% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.5% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 52.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.3% 11.7%

% widowed 30.7% 30.2%

% never married 4.3% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 13.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 67.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 19.3% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 20.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 94.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.5% 4.7%

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NORTH READING PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.7% 1.0%

% moved from different state 2.8% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 70.9% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes 31.5% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.0% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 74.3% 77.5%

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NORTH READING PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.6% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 17.6% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.1% 25.1%

% with cataract B 56.2% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.6% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.8% 17.2%

% with anemia B 42.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 37.0% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 19.5% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 54.3% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.9% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.3% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 9.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 0.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 0.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 10.8% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 15.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 5.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 1.3% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 13.3% 24.3%

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NORTH READING PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 21.3% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 116 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 18 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.2 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 537 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 48.9 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.1 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 1.9 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 317 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.2% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 101 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 54.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 10,972 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 120 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 968 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 9.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 23.5% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 30.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 46.3% 37.5%

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NORTH READING PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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PEPPERELL PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Pepperell (Middlesex) Pepperell is a rural community situated 35 miles northwest of Boston adjacent to the New Hampshire border with 942 residents aged 65 or older. Pepperell is somewhat walkable with a walkscore of 63/100. Compared to state averages, older residents of Pepperell score better on these healthy aging indicators with lower rates of depression, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, and hip fractures. However, older residents of Pepperell have higher rates of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and tooth loss. They are less likely to follow the health promotion step of having a shingles vaccine. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a recreation department.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 11,497 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 14.2% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,624 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 8.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 942 891,303

% 65-74 years 63.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.6% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 5.1% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.2% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.9% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 1.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.5% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 58.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 22.8% 11.7%

% widowed 16.3% 30.2%

% never married 2.1% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 22.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 55.6% 54.5%

% with college degree 21.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 26.9% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 93.2% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 14.0% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.6% 4.7%

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PEPPERELL PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture B 2.3% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 71.2% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 24.9% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.1% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 24.6% 23.3%

% with asthma 12.1% 11.8%

% with hypertension 75.3% 77.5%

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PEPPERELL PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.1% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 49.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 29.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 20.3% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.2% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 19.5% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.2% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.0% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.8% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.7% 17.2%

% with anemia B 42.2% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 27.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 58.2% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 20.2% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 11.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 4.9% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 10.4% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 17.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 6.7% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 15.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 2.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 15.6% 24.3%

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PEPPERELL PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 29.1% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 9.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 6 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 19 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 8.8 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 634 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 50.4 52.7

Home health visits per year 4.5 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year 2.3 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 309 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.4% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 102 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 63.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 8,202 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 79.6% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 216 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,599 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.8% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.8% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 39.5% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 37.7% 37.5%

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PEPPERELL PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Reading (Middlesex) Reading is a town 11 miles north of Boston, with 3,436 residents aged 65 or older. Reading is a very walkable city with a walkscore of 80/100. Compared to state averages, older residents of Reading do better on these healthy aging indicators with lower rates of diabetes, COPD, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis/osteoarthritis, prostate cancer, emergency room visits, and fewer monthly part D prescription medications. However, older residents of Reading have higher rates of glaucoma and breast cancer. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a YMCA, MBTA Ride, and a Council on Aging.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 24,747 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.7% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 4,592 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,436 891,303

% 65-74 years 55.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 30.8% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 95.7% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 3.8% 2.7%

% Other 0.4% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.6% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 56.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.1% 11.7%

% widowed 29.0% 30.2%

% never married 6.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 8.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 55.6% 54.5%

% with college degree 35.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 28.5% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 88.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.2% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.3% 4.7%

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HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 70.7% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 15.2% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 27.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.9% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 19.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 74.7% 77.5%

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HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 24.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.8% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.4% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.9% 25.1%

% with cataract 66.4% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 13.2% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 11.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.8% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.1% 17.2%

% with anemia B 43.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 36.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 19.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 57.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.3% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 29.3% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 10.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 6.5% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 25.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.5% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 9.4% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 1.6% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 19.1% 24.3%

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HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 23.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.3% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 84 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 8 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 27 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

Physician visits per year * 7.2 7.6

Emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 556 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 48.2 52.7

Home health visits per year 3.9 4.2

Durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

Inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 364 354

Inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.0% 17.8%

Skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 126 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 80.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 17,583 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 82.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 44 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,084 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 5.3% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 22.0% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 29.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 49.0% 37.5%

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READING PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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SHERBORN PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Sherborn (Middlesex)

Sherborn is a rural town south of Framingham with 566 residents aged 65 or older. It is a car dependent community (walkscore: 45/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on: mortality rate, high cholesterol, emotional support, depression, diabetes, COPD, asthma, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, anemia, kidney disease, nursing home stays, and lower prescription medication use. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Parks and Recreation department. Compared to state averages Sherborn has lower crime and poverty rates. Access to senior transportation, physical activity, and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 4,119 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 819 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 13.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 566 891,303

% 65-74 years 56.9% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 12.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 55.8% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 100.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 66.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.6% 11.7%

% widowed 20.1% 30.2%

% never married 2.7% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 1.1% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 30.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 68.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 25.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 96.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.1% 4.7%

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SHERBORN PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 2.8% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.0% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 67.6% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.2% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 19.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 10.6% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 14.1% 23.3%

% with asthma B 8.7% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 69.9% 77.5%

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SHERBORN PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 37.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 18.1% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 16.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.0% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 24.1% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 24.9% 25.1%

% with cataract 65.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 5.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.1% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.8% 17.2%

% with anemia B 43.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 46.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.1% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 50.8% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.5% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.5% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 3.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 3.6% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 3.1% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 13.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 3.6% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.1% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 10.3% 24.3%

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SHERBORN PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 18.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 3.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 214 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 5 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 8 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.7 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 578 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 41.4 52.7

home health visits per year 3.7 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.2 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 304 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 20.0% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 64 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 45.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 3,140 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.6% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 121 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 724 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 4.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 7.4% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 16.5% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 76.1% 37.5%

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SHERBORN PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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SHIRLEY PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Shirley (Middlesex) Shirley is a rural town in north central Massachusetts with 710 residents aged 65 or older. It is a somewhat walkable community (walkscore: 57/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on: cholesterol, depression, arthritis, cataracts, anemia, BPH, hospital stays, and emergency room visits. However, compared to state averages older residents have a higher rate of asthma, disability for more than a year, and tooth loss. They are less likely to take the shingles vaccine. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Parks and Recreation department. Access to senior transportation, physical activity, and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 7,211 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,156 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 9.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 710 891,303

% 65-74 years 47.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 41.5% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.1% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 62.4% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.8% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 3.2% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 3.1% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 56.5% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 18.2% 11.7%

% widowed 24.9% 30.2%

% never married 0.4% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 21.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 50.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 28.0% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 23.2% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 87.7% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.4% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.3% 4.7%

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SHIRLEY PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 2.1% 1.0%

% moved from different state 3.9% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.1% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 69.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes 34.2% 32.1%

% with stroke 15.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 27.3% 23.3%

% with asthma W 16.0% 11.8%

% with hypertension 74.2% 77.5%

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SHIRLEY PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.6% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 48.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 27.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 43.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.4% 25.1%

% with cataract B 53.1% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 8.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 14.6% 17.2%

% with anemia B 41.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 18.6% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 61.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 15.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 3.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 18.8% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 20.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 10.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 4.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 13.6% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 42.9% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 5.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 0.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 15.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 19.4% 24.3%

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SHIRLEY PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 27.1% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 4 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 13 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.8 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 506 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 50.7 52.7

home health visits per year 4.3 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 2.4 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 268 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 13.6% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 93 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 57.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 4,095 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 76.8% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 152 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 593 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 9.7% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 31.3% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 25.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 43.7% 37.5%

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SHIRLEY PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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SOMERVILLE PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Somerville (Middlesex) Somerville is a city 3 miles from Boston with 6,767 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on: preventive health (not smoking, shingles vaccine, cholesterol monitoring), perceptions (self-rated physical and mental health), and a few chronic disease indicators (stroke, arthritis, asthma, cataracts, BPH, and prostate cancer). However, compared to state averages older residents did worse on: depression, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, anemia, kidney disease, prescription refills, durable medical equipment claims, hospital stays, and emergency room visits. There are many community resources directed to promoting healthy aging in Somerville, including: a walking club, Mass in Motion community, YMCA, Council on Aging, Parks and Recreation department, lifelong learning programs, and access to the MBTA Ride and ITN Greater Boston.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 75,754 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 12.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 9,356 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 9.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 6,767 891,303

% 65-74 years 45.9% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 39.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 14.6% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 62.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 89.5% 91.5%

% African American 4.5% 3.8%

% Asian 4.4% 2.7%

% Other 1.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 42.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 11.3% 11.7%

% widowed 31.4% 30.2%

% never married 15.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 33.2% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 52.9% 54.5%

% with college degree 13.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 36.7% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 68.7% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 8.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.2% 4.7%

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SOMERVILLE PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.2% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 78.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 3.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.2% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 14.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 10.5% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 68.9% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 62.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 26.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening B 98.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 69.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.8% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 73.4% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 27.6% 24.9%

% obese 19.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 68.4% 73.6%

% current smokers B 5.5% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 14.1% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month B 2.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 77.4% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 31.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.5% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 34.9% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 23.9% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.0% 11.8%

% with hypertension 76.6% 77.5%

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SOMERVILLE PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 46.8% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 28.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 46.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.9% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.6% 25.1%

% with cataract B 60.4% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 12.3% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.8% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.0% 17.2%

% with anemia W 51.4% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 34.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 23.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 61.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.7% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 30.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 9.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 24.7% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.7% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 9.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.6% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 14.5% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 18.8% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 33.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 7.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.9% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 9.9% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.4% 24.3%

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SOMERVILLE PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 27.0% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 23.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.8% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.7% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 4,555 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 9 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 22 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 49 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 6.7 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 735 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 57.0 52.7

home health visits per year 4.8 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 2.3 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 396 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.2% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 104 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 91.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 49,047 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 72.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 370 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 2,286 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 11.4% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 34.6% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 35.6% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 29.8% 37.5%

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SOMERVILLE PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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STONEHAM PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Stoneham (Middlesex) Stoneham is a town 9 miles north of Boston with 3,939 residents aged 65 and older. Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents have lower rates of COPD. However, compared to state averages older residents have higher rates of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, cataracts, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, and hospital stays. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging, a Senior Center, and a Parks and Recreation department. Compared to state averages the voter participation rate is higher and the crime rates are lower. Access to senior transportation, physical activity, and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 21,437 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 25.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,455 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 18.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,939 891,303

% 65-74 years 50.6% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 32.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 16.8% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 56.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.4% 3.8%

% Asian 0.7% 2.7%

% Other 2.4% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.4% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 46.2% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.6% 11.7%

% widowed 31.6% 30.2%

% never married 9.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 15.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 67.6% 54.5%

% with college degree 17.0% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 29.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 90.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 14.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.4% 4.7%

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STONEHAM PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.8% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.1% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.1% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol W 75.7% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.8% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 14.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes 31.2% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 20.5% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.3% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.8% 77.5%

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STONEHAM PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.1% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 48.4% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 26.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 23.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 27.2% 25.1%

% with cataract W 68.6% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.0% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 4.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 13.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.3% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 39.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 63.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 26.0% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.5% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.6% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 9.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 11.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 27.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 2.4% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 29.7% 24.3%

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STONEHAM PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.5% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 9.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 345 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 13 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 30 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 643 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 51.8 52.7

home health visits per year * 3.3 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 1.9 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 392 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.5% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 122 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 95.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 15,285 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 81.9% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 139 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,456 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 9.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 25.3% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 35.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 39.7% 37.5%

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STONEHAM PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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STOW PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Stow (Middlesex) Stow is a rural town with 808 residents aged 65 or older. Older residents of Stow are better than state average rates on most indicators – including: preventive health (not smoking, eating fruits and vegetables, annual dental check-up, flu shots, mammography, exercise); chronic disease (depression, diabetes, COPD, hypertension, congestive heart failure, arthritis, glaucoma, osteoporosis, hypothyroidism, anemia, BPH, kidney disease), service utilization (emergency room visits, nursing home stays, hospital stays, hospital readmissions, prescription refills), and tooth loss. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, a Council on Aging, and a Parks & Recreation department. Voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are all better than state average. Access to senior transportation, physical activity, and lifelong learning resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 6,590 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.3% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,254 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 808 891,303

% 65-74 years 60.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 29.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 10.6% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 49.4% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.4% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 1.6% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.2% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 68.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 6.1% 11.7%

% widowed 20.8% 30.2%

% never married 4.5% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 7.5% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 59.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 33.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 18.9% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 92.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 15.6% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.2% 4.7%

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STOW PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 0.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 2.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 4.2% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.0% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 62.6% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 22.1% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 12.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 18.0% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.6% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.5% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 69.5% 77.5%

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STOW PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 40.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 15.7% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 13.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 43.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 20.8% 25.1%

% with cataract 63.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 8.0% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 14.2% 17.2%

% with anemia B 37.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 30.5% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 50.1% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 14.2% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.9% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 21.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 3.4% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.1% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 7.4% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 2.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 11.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 3.1% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 0.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 11.7% 24.3%

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STOW PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 30.1% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 4.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 34 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 14 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.3 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 496 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 41.9 52.7

home health visits per year * 2.7 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 248 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 13.5% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 58 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 25.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 5,032 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 85.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 60 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 588 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 1.6% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 4.8% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 44.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 51.1% 37.5%

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STOW PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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SUDBURY PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Sudbury (Middlesex) Sudbury is a town in Boston’s Metrowest area with 2,150 residents aged 65 or older. It is a car dependent community (walkscore: 40/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on many indicators of healthy aging, with lower rates of diabetes, COPD, asthma, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, glaucoma, cataracts, anemia, kidney disease, hospital stays, hospital readmissions, emergency room visits, and prescription medication use. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Parks and Recreation department. Voter participation rates are higher than state average and crime rates and poverty rate are lower. Access to senior transportation, lifelong learning, and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 17,659 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.0% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,146 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 12.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,150 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 40.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 52.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 93.3% 91.5%

% African American 2.7% 3.8%

% Asian 2.3% 2.7%

% Other 1.7% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 67.2% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.1% 11.7%

% widowed 21.8% 30.2%

% never married 3.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 4.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 35.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 59.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 16.8% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 90.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.1% 4.7%

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SUDBURY PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.7% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.4% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.2% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.2% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 65.5% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.7% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 16.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 20.9% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.6% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 17.9% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 67.5% 77.5%

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SUDBURY PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 40.4% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 19.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 14.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 48.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 21.8% 25.1%

% with cataract B 62.8% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 12.0% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.0% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.2% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.6% 17.2%

% with anemia B 42.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 38.3% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.4% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 50.4% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.2% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 15.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 11.4% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.7% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 7.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 5.1% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 18.0% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.5% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 11.3% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.7% 24.3%

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SUDBURY PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 23.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.0% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 9 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 21 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.1 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 563 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 47.6 52.7

home health visits per year 3.4 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.3 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 298 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 14.5% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 104 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 40.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 12,412 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 86.0% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 11 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 720 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 4.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 9.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 16.7% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 74.1% 37.5%

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SUDBURY PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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TEWKSBURY PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Tewksbury (Middlesex) Tewksbury is a town in Greater Lowell about 19 miles northwest of Boston. It has 4,117 residents aged 65 or older. It is a somewhat walkable community (walkscore 60/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on several indicators of healthy aging, including having lower rates of depression, asthma, arthritis, hip fracture, osteoporosis, cataracts, hypothyroidism, anemia, BPH, and emergency room visits. However, compared to state averages older residents have higher rates of diabetes, COPD, and lung cancer. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a walking club, Council on Aging, and a Parks and Recreation department. Voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are better than state average. Access to senior transportation, lifelong learning programs, and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 28,961 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.5% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,612 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.3% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,117 891,303

% 65-74 years 44.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 37.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 18.2% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 63.7% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.4% 3.8%

% Asian 0.3% 2.7%

% Other 0.7% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.5% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 48.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.7% 11.7%

% widowed 39.6% 30.2%

% never married 4.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 13.8% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 71.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 15.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 28.8% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 91.0% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 11.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.5% 4.7%

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TEWKSBURY PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture B 3.2% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 74.1% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 25.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.8% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 34.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease W 25.1% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.8% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.0% 77.5%

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TEWKSBURY PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 23.8% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.6% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 18.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.9% 25.1%

% with cataract B 56.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.4% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.9% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.0% 14.6%

% with lung cancer W 2.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 15.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 46.2% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 36.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 23.1% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 60.3% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.5% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 9.7% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 19.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 15.7% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 11.6% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 30.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.5% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 14.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 24.3% 24.3%

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TEWKSBURY PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 28.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 39 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 30 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.3 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 581 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 52.1 52.7

home health visits per year 4.2 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 1.9 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 362 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.2% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 104 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 60.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 21,503 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 75.6% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 275 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,987 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.3% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 29.1% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 39.4% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 31.5% 37.5%

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TEWKSBURY PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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TOWNSEND PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Townsend (Middlesex) Townsend is a rural town in north central Massachusetts that borders New Hampshire. It has 777 residents aged 65 or older and is a somewhat walkable community (walkscore 68/100). Compared to Massachusetts state averages, older residents do better on several indicators of healthy aging, including: hypertension, arthritis, osteoporosis, cataracts, prostate cancer, anemia, BPH, and prescription medication use. However, compared to state averages they have higher rates of disability, hip fracture, and tooth loss. They are less likely to take a shingles vaccine. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and a Parks and Recreation department. Compared to state rates Townsend does better on voter participation, crime, and poverty rates. Access to senior transportation, lifelong learning programs, and physical activity resources are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 8,926 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 13.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,197 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 8.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 777 891,303

% 65-74 years 58.8% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.9% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 9.3% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 53.9% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 100.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 0.0% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 57.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.3% 11.7%

% widowed 26.6% 30.2%

% never married 5.9% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 23.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 63.4% 54.5%

% with college degree 13.1% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 30.9% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 95.9% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.3% 4.7%

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TOWNSEND PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.4% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture W 5.6% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 25.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 15.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 89.6% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.8% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 64.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine W 8.7% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 84.8% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss W 45.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 74.9% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.1% 24.9%

% obese 24.2% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 69.3% 73.6%

% current smokers 10.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.7% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 10.0% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.5% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 80.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 26.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.8% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.6% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 72.5% 77.5%

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TOWNSEND PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 3.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 46.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 26.9% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.4% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 9.4% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 11.0% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.4% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 15.3% 17.2%

% with anemia B 41.9% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 32.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 55.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more W 37.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.1% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 31.0% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.7% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 3.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.5% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 0.0% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 15.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 2.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 2.5% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 5.8% 24.3%

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TOWNSEND PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 34.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 9.9% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.3% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 2.0% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 6 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 0 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 10 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 582 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 48.5 52.7

home health visits per year 3.6 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 2.5 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 300 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 19.8% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 119 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 68.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 6,212 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 79.8% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 56 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,247 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 3.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 23.3% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 29.7% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 47.1% 37.5%

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TOWNSEND PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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TYNGSBOROUGH PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Tyngsborough (Middlesex)

Tyngsborough is a town located in the northeastern region of Massachusetts. It has 973 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates that this is a car dependent community (42/100). Compared to state averages older residents in Tyngsborough have lower rates of cataracts, congestive heart failure, colon cancer, osteoporosis, BPH, and inpatient hospital readmissions. However, older residents of Tyngsborough have higher rates of diabetes and stroke. Community resources to promote healthy aging include a Council on Aging and an arts and/or cultural department. Compared to state averages the rates for voter participation and property crime are better in Tyngsborough. Resources to promote physical activity and senior transportation are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 11,292 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 14.2% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 1,590 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 8.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 973 891,303

% 65-74 years 55.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.2% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 13.7% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.4% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 3.5% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 44.7% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 11.5% 11.7%

% widowed 40.2% 30.2%

% never married 3.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 18.1% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 63.9% 54.5%

% with college degree 18.0% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 25.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 82.6% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 8.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 3.9% 4.7%

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TYNGSBOROUGH PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 1.2% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.1% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 73.0% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 25.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes W 40.2% 32.1%

% with stroke W 15.5% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.1% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.5% 77.5%

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TYNGSBOROUGH PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.6% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 20.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 14.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 47.5% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.1% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 23.8% 25.1%

% with cataract B 56.9% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.9% 10.3%

% with colon cancer B 2.1% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 12.4% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.8% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 33.9% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 22.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 61.4% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 10.4% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 12.9% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 6.8% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 1.6% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.0% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 19.5% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 32.2% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 0.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.7% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.8% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 22.8% 24.3%

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TYNGSBOROUGH PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 29.8% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 10.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 64 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 5 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 22 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.3 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 570 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 51.1 52.7

home health visits per year 5.0 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 2.2 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 361 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 12.6% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 103 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 42.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 8,260 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 76.7% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 158 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,699 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.1% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 30.7% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 39.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 30.2% 37.5%

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TYNGSBOROUGH PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WAKEFIELD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Wakefield (Middlesex)

Wakefield is a town with 3,733 residents aged 65 or older. The walkscore indicates that this is a very walkable community (86/100). Compared to state averages older residents of Wakefield have lower rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, glaucoma, hypothyroidism, and BPH. However, older residents of Wakefield have higher rates of heart attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and lung cancer. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: Mass in Motion, a Council on Aging, senior center, and an arts and/or cultural department. Compared to state average, the voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are better in Wakefield. However, resources to promote senior transportation are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 24,932 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 5,053 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.1% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,733 891,303

% 65-74 years 55.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 27.2% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.7% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 59.7% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.5% 91.5%

% African American 0.0% 3.8%

% Asian 3.1% 2.7%

% Other 0.3% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.7% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 47.3% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.7% 11.7%

% widowed 36.5% 30.2%

% never married 6.5% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 13.2% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 66.3% 54.5%

% with college degree 20.5% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 30.2% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 90.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.5% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.4% 4.7%

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WAKEFIELD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 5.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 68.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 2.9% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.5% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.7% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.3% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 65.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 59.4% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 17.9% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 95.8% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 81.6% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 67.1% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 37.2% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 77.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.6% 24.9%

% obese 24.5% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.4% 73.6%

% current smokers 12.4% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 12.3% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.6% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.9% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.6% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 15.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes 30.2% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 20.9% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.3% 11.8%

% with hypertension 77.4% 77.5%

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WAKEFIELD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack W 6.1% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 48.0% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 27.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 17.1% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.4% 21.7%

% with glaucoma B 21.8% 25.1%

% with cataract 67.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 11.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.7% 14.6%

% with lung cancer W 2.9% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.7% 17.2%

% with anemia B 46.4% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 37.6% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.2% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 61.7% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 33.9% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 25.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 4.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 4.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 4.7% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 14.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.3% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 28.6% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.7% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 13.9% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 8.0% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 21.9% 24.3%

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WAKEFIELD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 25.2% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 9.2% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.5% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 231 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 8 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 23 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.3 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 687 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 51.2 52.7

home health visits per year 3.8 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 382 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.3% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 135 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 86.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 17,295 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 84.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 243 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,212 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 7.7% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 24.1% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 33.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 42.9% 37.5%

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WAKEFIELD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WALTHAM PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Waltham (Middlesex)

Waltham is a town located approximately 10 miles west of Boston with 7,054 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages older residents of Waltham have lower rates of hypertension, kidney disease, disability, complete tooth loss, obesity, and prescription medication use. Health promotion behavior includes physical activity, colorectal cancer screening, flu shot, shingles vaccine, annual dental exam, and eating 5 or servings of fruit or vegetables per day, and not smoking. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: Mass in Motion, YMCA, MBTA Ride, volunteer driving program, a Council on Aging, and lifelong learning opportunities/area college.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 60,632 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 16.8% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 10,124 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 11.7% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 7,054 891,303

% 65-74 years 49.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 36.9% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 13.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 61.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 90.1% 91.5%

% African American 3.2% 3.8%

% Asian 6.3% 2.7%

% Other 0.4% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.1% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 52.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 12.1% 11.7%

% widowed 27.2% 30.2%

% never married 8.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 19.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 58.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 22.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 29.0% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 80.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 10.4% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.8% 4.7%

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WALTHAM PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.9% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.5% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.1% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 77.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.3% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.4% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 16.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.3% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 75.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 61.2% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 21.8% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.5% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 88.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening B 74.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 23.7% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 85.3% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.7% 24.9%

% obese B 15.8% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.2% 73.6%

% current smokers B 3.3% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.2% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 6.7% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 81.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 27.7% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 13.9% 14.4%

% with diabetes 31.1% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.3% 23.3%

% with asthma 11.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 75.7% 77.5%

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WALTHAM PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.9% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 45.5% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 24.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.3% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.1% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 26.2% 25.1%

% with cataract 65.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.1% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.1% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.6% 17.2%

% with anemia W 52.3% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 43.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 20.3% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 60.3% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more B 25.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.9% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.7% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.2% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 4.5% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 9.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 9.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 32.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 2.9% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 13.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 6.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 24.2% 24.3%

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WALTHAM PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 20.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 13.6% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost B 1.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 529 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 13 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 53 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.3 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 607 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.6 52.7

home health visits per year 4.1 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 337 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 18.0% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 109 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Walker's Paradise 98.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 35,565 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 71.4% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 285 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,423 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 4 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 5.3% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 25.6% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 34.0% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 40.4% 37.5%

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WALTHAM PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WATERTOWN PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Watertown (Middlesex)

Watertown is a town located approximately 10 miles west of Boston. It has 4,702 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages older residents of Watertown do better on many healthy aging indicators with lower rates of: diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, hypertension, disability, complete tooth loss, obesity, prescription refills, and hospital readmissions. Health promotion behaviors include physical activity, colorectal cancer screening, flu shot, shingles vaccine, annual dental exam, eating 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day, and not smoking. However, older residents of Watertown do worse than state average with higher rates of depression, ischemic heart disease, breast cancer, and anemia. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: MBTA Ride, volunteer driving program, a Council on Aging, MA/NH Chapter of the Alzheimer’s Association, and an arts and/or cultural department. The % of adults 65+ living in poverty is higher than state average.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 31,915 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 19.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 6,160 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 14.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 4,702 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.3% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 38.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 13.6% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.3% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 95.8% 91.5%

% African American 0.3% 3.8%

% Asian 2.2% 2.7%

% Other 1.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 1.4% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 54.3% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.7% 11.7%

% widowed 23.4% 30.2%

% never married 12.6% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 24.7% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 50.0% 54.5%

% with college degree 25.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 27.0% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 62.2% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 7.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.3% 4.7%

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WATERTOWN PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.5% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.9% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.3% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 77.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.3% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.3% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 16.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.3% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 75.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 61.2% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 21.8% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.5% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 88.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening B 74.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 23.7% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 85.3% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.7% 24.9%

% obese B 15.8% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 71.5% 73.6%

% current smokers B 3.3% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.2% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 6.7% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 81.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression W 31.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 15.3% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 29.4% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.1% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 21.7% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 74.9% 77.5%

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WATERTOWN PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.7% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 46.3% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 25.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 50.0% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma 25.5% 25.1%

% with cataract 67.3% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.3% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 16.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.1% 17.2%

% with anemia W 54.8% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 42.8% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 61.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 9.0% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more B 25.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.3% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 16.6% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.5% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 5.3% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.5% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 13.1% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 8.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 25.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.6% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 13.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 5.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.4% 24.3%

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WATERTOWN PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.9% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 15.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost B 1.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 909 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 22 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 39 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.1 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 637 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.0 52.7

home health visits per year * 5.7 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 1.9 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 384 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 20.4% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 124 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 80.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 22,517 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 74.9% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 159 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,532 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 12.9% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 28.9% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 27.6% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 43.6% 37.5%

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WATERTOWN PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WAYLAND PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Wayland (Middlesex)

Wayland is a town located approximately 20 west of Boston. It has 2,253 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages older residents of Wayland do better on many healthy aging indicators with lower rates of: depression, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, stroke, COPD, hypertension, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, anemia, kidney disease, annual hospital stays, emergency room visits, and annual prescription medication use. However, older residents of Wayland do worse than state average on: glaucoma, breast cancer, BPH, and osteoporosis. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: a Council on Aging, senior center, and an arts and/or cultural department. Voter participation rate is higher than state average while crime and poverty rates are lower. Resources to promote physical activity and senior transportation are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 12,994 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 23.4% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,025 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 17.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,253 891,303

% 65-74 years 53.7% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 34.8% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 55.4% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 92.9% 91.5%

% African American 0.5% 3.8%

% Asian 5.5% 2.7%

% Other 1.1% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.4% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 69.1% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.7% 11.7%

% widowed 21.3% 30.2%

% never married 2.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 5.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 30.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 64.2% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 22.1% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 91.3% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.3% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 4.2% 4.7%

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WAYLAND PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.9% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.0% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.0% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 76.3% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 5.6% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 18.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 11.9% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.5% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 71.5% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.3% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.0% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 83.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 66.9% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 34.6% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 80.5% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 24.7% 24.9%

% obese 23.7% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 67.5% 73.6%

% current smokers 6.9% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 6.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.5% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.7% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support B 85.2% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 26.0% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 12.0% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 20.8% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 14.7% 23.3%

% with asthma 10.6% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 69.7% 77.5%

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WAYLAND PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 39.6% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 19.1% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 24.0% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.7% 25.1%

% with cataract 67.5% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 13.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.8% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 16.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 1.7% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.3% 17.2%

% with anemia B 43.6% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 47.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 50.9% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 2.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 27.1% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.8% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 9.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.3% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 12.3% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 5.2% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 17.5% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 5.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 5.7% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 20.0% 24.3%

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WAYLAND PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 16.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 4.7% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.6% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 30 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 6 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 20 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.8 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 544 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 44.3 52.7

home health visits per year 4.8 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 308 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 15.9% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 96 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 55.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 9,884 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 84.1% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 15 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 214 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 17.0% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 22.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 60.9% 37.5%

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WAYLAND PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WESTFORD PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Westford (Middlesex)

Westford is a town located approximately 35 miles northwest of Boston with 2,180 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages, older residents of Westford do better on several healthy aging indicators: depression, Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, COPD, asthma, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, arthritis, osteoporosis, cataracts, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, anemia, BPH, emergency room visits, and prescription medication use. However, older residents of Westford have a higher rate of glaucoma. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: a Council on Aging and arts and/or cultural department. The voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are all better than state averages. Resources to promote physical activity and senior transportation are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 21,951 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 14.9% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 3,236 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 10.0% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,180 891,303

% 65-74 years 66.4% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 23.4% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 10.1% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 52.8% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 87.6% 91.5%

% African American 0.6% 3.8%

% Asian 11.2% 2.7%

% Other 0.6% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 65.8% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 9.4% 11.7%

% widowed 21.7% 30.2%

% never married 3.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 11.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 48.2% 54.5%

% with college degree 39.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 16.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 81.1% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate B 3.6% 4.7%

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WESTFORD PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 2.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.8% 1.0%

% moved from different state 1.5% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month 72.5% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.1% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.5% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status 20.8% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.4% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 91.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year 67.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 60.1% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 15.2% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 94.6% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 85.0% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 65.3% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss 35.3% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam 75.6% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day 25.4% 24.9%

% obese 23.3% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 66.6% 73.6%

% current smokers 8.8% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 9.8% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 7.3% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.0% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 79.8% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.5% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias B 11.6% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 27.3% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.2% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.6% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.9% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 69.6% 77.5%

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WESTFORD PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 4.2% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease B 40.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure B 21.6% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 13.6% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 45.7% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis B 16.0% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.3% 25.1%

% with cataract B 56.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.1% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.4% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer B 11.5% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.3% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism B 13.2% 17.2%

% with anemia B 40.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 31.4% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 20.3% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 52.0% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions B 11.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 29.6% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.6% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 23.5% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 1.4% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 17.2% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 0.5% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 8.5% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 5.9% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 25.5% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.3% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 13.8% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 25.8% 24.3%

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WESTFORD PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 24.6% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 6.5% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.2% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 3.1% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 20 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 0 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 1 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 21 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.4 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 498 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 44.6 52.7

home health visits per year * 3.2 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 327 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 15.9% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 103 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Car Dependent 37.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 16,115 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.5% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 86 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 851 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 2 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 0.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 15.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 32.4% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 52.4% 37.5%

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WESTFORD PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WESTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Weston (Middlesex)

Weston is an affluent Boston suburb with 1,778 residents aged 65 or older. More than 70% of 65+ households have annual incomes above $50,000. Compared to state average, older residents of Weston do better on many healthy aging indicators with lower rates of obesity, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, stroke, COPD, asthma, hypertension, heart attack, kidney disease, disability, and emergency room visits. Health promotion behaviors include physical activity, colorectal cancer screening, flu shot, shingles vaccine, annual dental exam, and eating 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day. However, older residents of Weston do worse than state average on: atrial fibrillation, arthritis, glaucoma, cataracts, prostate cancer, hypothyroidism, and BPH. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: a walking club, a Council on Aging, an arts and/or cultural department, and lifelong learning opportunities/area college. Voter participation and crime rates are better than state averages.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 11,261 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 23.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 2,599 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.8% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 1,778 891,303

% 65-74 years 41.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 40.3% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 18.5% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 53.0% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 90.0% 91.5%

% African American 2.4% 3.8%

% Asian 5.8% 2.7%

% Other 1.7% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.0% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 64.6% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 6.4% 11.7%

% widowed 24.0% 30.2%

% never married 5.0% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 4.4% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 27.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 67.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 21.6% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 83.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.8% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.5% 4.7%

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WESTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 4.6% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 4.1% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.4% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 77.9% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 6.3% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 16.0% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month 12.3% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 90.1% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 75.4% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 61.2% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine B 21.8% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.5% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) 88.3% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening B 74.0% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 23.7% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 85.3% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.7% 24.9%

% obese B 15.8% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 67.3% 73.6%

% current smokers B 3.3% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.2% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 6.7% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 95.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 81.3% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression 28.6% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 16.4% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 19.4% 32.1%

% with stroke B 10.8% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 17.3% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.2% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 67.8% 77.5%

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WESTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack B 3.6% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 41.9% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 22.5% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 19.2% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis W 55.4% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 22.1% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 28.8% 25.1%

% with cataract W 68.9% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 12.7% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.6% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer W 18.9% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.1% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism W 19.4% 17.2%

% with anemia 46.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia W 45.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 17.8% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 55.2% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.9% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more B 25.2% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 7.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 14.2% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 0.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 3.2% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 6.8% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.7% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 27.3% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 1.2% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 17.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 3.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 19.9% 24.3%

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WESTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 10.4% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 7.1% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 97.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost B 1.4% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 399 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 6 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 20 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.8 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 565 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 50.8 52.7

home health visits per year 3.7 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.5 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 321 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 17.2% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 101 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 77.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 8,178 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 82.2% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 53 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 530 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 4.7% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 9.3% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 19.9% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 70.9% 37.5%

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WESTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WILMINGTON PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Wilmington (Middlesex)

Wilmington is a town located approximately 20 miles northwest of Boston with 2,903 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages older residents in Wilmington do better on several healthy aging indicators with lower rates of depression, asthma, atrial fibrillation, arthritis, cataracts, anemia, BPH, complete tooth loss, emergency room visits, and annual Part D monthly prescription medications. Health promotion behaviors include physical activity, mammogram within 2 years, flu shot, annual dental exam, 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day, and not smoking. However, older residents of Wilmington have higher rates of glaucoma, annual inpatient hospital stays, and inpatient hospital readmissions. Community resources to promote healthy aging includes: a Council on Aging, an arts and/or cultural department, and lifelong learning opportunities and area colleges. Resources to promote physical activity and senior transportation are limited.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 22,325 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 18.3% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 4,040 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 13.1% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 2,903 891,303

% 65-74 years 57.1% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 31.8% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 11.0% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 57.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.8% 91.5%

% African American 0.2% 3.8%

% Asian 2.9% 2.7%

% Other 0.2% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.9% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 64.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.9% 11.7%

% widowed 24.9% 30.2%

% never married 3.2% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 16.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 68.8% 54.5%

% with college degree 14.7% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 11.4% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 93.8% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 13.9% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.1% 4.7%

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WILMINGTON PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.1% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.8% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.7% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.8% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 69.9% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 26.4% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias 16.1% 14.4%

% with diabetes 31.3% 32.1%

% with stroke 11.7% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.0% 23.3%

% with asthma B 7.4% 11.8%

% with hypertension 76.7% 77.5%

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WILMINGTON PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.6% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 45.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 25.2% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation B 14.4% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 44.9% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis 21.8% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 29.5% 25.1%

% with cataract B 57.7% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.1% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.2% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.6% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.4% 17.2%

% with anemia B 45.0% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia B 34.7% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease 21.7% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 58.5% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.1% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 8.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 27.3% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 5.0% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 4.1% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 2.9% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 14.7% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 14.0% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 34.7% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 4.0% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 12.0% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 9.2% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 26.6% 24.3%

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WILMINGTON PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 27.3% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.1% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 123 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 1 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 4 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 24 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.2 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 584 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 50.3 52.7

home health visits per year 4.3 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.8 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 405 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 20.4% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 134 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Somewhat Walkable 58.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 15,588 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 80.9% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 116 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,331 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 1 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 2.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 8.2% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 35.1% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 56.6% 37.5%

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WILMINGTON PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WINCHESTER PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Winchester (Middlesex)

Winchester is a town located 8 miles north of Boston with 3,501 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages, older residents in Winchester do better on many healthy aging indicators with lower rates of depression, diabetes, stroke, COPD, asthma, hypertension, anemia, kidney disease, complete tooth loss, and prescription medication use. Health promotion behaviors include physical activity, mammogram within last 2 years, flu shot, annual dental exam, 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day, and not smoking. However, older residents of Winchester have higher rates of Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma, cataracts, breast cancer, and osteoporosis. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: a Council on Aging, and an arts and/or cultural department. Resources to promote physical activity and senior transportation are limited. Voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are all better than state averages.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 21,374 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 21.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 4,473 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 16.5% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 3,501 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.5% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 34.1% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 17.4% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.7% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 96.3% 91.5%

% African American 0.2% 3.8%

% Asian 3.1% 2.7%

% Other 0.4% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 0.5% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 59.9% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 7.7% 11.7%

% widowed 28.3% 30.2%

% never married 4.1% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 7.6% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 43.5% 54.5%

% with college degree 48.9% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 20.3% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 86.5% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 8.7% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.1% 4.7%

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WINCHESTER PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.0% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 1.2% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.3% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 4.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol B 68.1% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 23.3% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 16.2% 14.4%

% with diabetes B 24.1% 32.1%

% with stroke B 11.0% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B 16.8% 23.3%

% with asthma B 9.6% 11.8%

% with hypertension B 71.1% 77.5%

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WINCHESTER PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack 5.0% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease 44.7% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure 24.0% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation 15.9% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis 49.8% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 24.7% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 27.4% 25.1%

% with cataract W 70.2% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer W 12.8% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 2.7% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 15.8% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.5% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 16.1% 17.2%

% with anemia B 46.5% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 39.9% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease B 18.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions B 56.3% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 8.8% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 4.0% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 13.4% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 2.3% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 6.0% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 1.7% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 7.2% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 7.3% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 14.8% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 4.4% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 5.2% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 4.8% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 16.3% 24.3%

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WINCHESTER PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 17.8% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 6.4% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 448 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 16 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 25 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year * 7.1 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 597 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year * 46.6 52.7

home health visits per year 4.0 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year * 1.4 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 378 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) 16.7% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 109 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 85.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 15,426 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 84.1% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 23 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,032 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 0 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.0% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 14.3% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 24.5% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 61.2% 37.5%

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WINCHESTER PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/

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WOBURN PAGE 1

MASSACHUSETTS HEALTHY AGING COMMUNITY PROFILE

Woburn (Middlesex)

Woburn is a city located 9 miles north of Boston with 5,830 residents aged 65 or older. Compared to state averages older residents in Woburn do better on several healthy aging indicators with lower rates of depression, asthma, osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis, cataracts, and complete tooth loss. Health promotion behaviors include physical activity, mammogram within last 2 years, flu shot, annual dental exam, 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day, and not smoking. However, older residents of Woburn do worse than state average on many indicators with higher rates of Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias, hypertension, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, glaucoma, osteoporosis, kidney disease, annual inpatient hospital stays, and inpatient hospital readmissions. Community resources to promote healthy aging include: a walking club, YMCA, a Council on Aging, an arts and/or cultural department, and lifelong learning opportunities/area college. The voter participation, crime, and poverty rates are all better than state averages.

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Total population all ages 38,120 6,547,629

Population 60 years or older as % of total population 20.1% 19.2%

Total population 60 years or older 7,603 1,249,723

Population 65 years or older as % of total population 15.4% 13.7%

Total population 65 years or older 5,830 891,303

% 65-74 years 48.2% 49.8%

% 75-84 years 36.7% 34.3%

% 85 years or older 15.1% 15.8%

Gender (65+ population)

% female 60.1% 58.5%

Race/Ethnicity (65+ population)

% White 98.0% 91.5%

% African American 0.7% 3.8%

% Asian 1.3% 2.7%

% Other 0.0% 2.1%

% Hispanic/Latino 2.6% 2.9%

Marital Status (65+ population)

% married 49.0% 50.9%

% divorced/separated 10.1% 11.7%

% widowed 36.8% 30.2%

% never married 4.1% 7.3%

Education (65+ population)

% with less than high school education 14.9% 20.4%

% with high school or some college 68.7% 54.5%

% with college degree 16.4% 25.1%

% of 65+ population living alone 29.2% 30.3%

% of 65+ population who speak only English at home 88.4% 83.4%

% of 65+ population who are veterans of military service 12.6% 11.5%

Age-sex adjusted 1-year mortality rate 5.0% 4.7%

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WOBURN PAGE 2

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

Geographic Migration (65+ population)

% moved within same county 3.4% 3.5%

% moved from different county in Massachusetts 0.4% 1.0%

% moved from different state 0.6% 0.7%

WELLNESS and PREVENTION

% any physical activity within last month B 79.2% 72.4%

% injured in a fall within last 3 months 4.8% 5.1%

% ever had hip fracture 3.7% 3.9%

% with self-reported fair or poor health status B 12.9% 20.7%

% with 15+ physically unhealthy days last month B 9.6% 14.0%

% with physical exam/check-up in past year 87.9% 90.2%

% flu shot past year B 76.7% 67.8%

% pneumonia vaccine 63.5% 60.8%

% shingles vaccine 18.0% 14.9%

% cholesterol screening 97.1% 95.8%

% mammogram within last 2 years (women) B 93.7% 85.4%

% colorectal cancer screening 68.2% 65.6%

Oral Health

% with complete tooth loss B 25.5% 35.9%

% with annual dental exam B 86.1% 76.1%

# dentists per 100,000 persons (all ages) 88 85

NUTRITION/DIET

% with 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day B 32.9% 24.9%

% obese 21.0% 22.6%

% high cholesterol 72.4% 73.6%

% current smokers B 4.6% 9.1%

% excessive drinking 10.4% 9.2%

MENTAL HEALTH

% with 15+ days poor mental health last month 5.9% 6.7%

% satisfied with life 96.8% 95.8%

% receiving adequate emotional support 83.0% 80.7%

% ever diagnosed with depression B 25.9% 28.6%

CHRONIC DISEASE

% with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias W 16.2% 14.4%

% with diabetes 32.7% 32.1%

% with stroke 12.3% 12.6%

% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 22.1% 23.3%

% with asthma B 10.5% 11.8%

% with hypertension W 79.0% 77.5%

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WOBURN PAGE 3

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

% ever had a heart attack W 6.3% 5.0%

% with ischemic heart disease W 49.2% 44.1%

% with congestive heart failure W 29.3% 24.8%

% with atrial fibrillation W 17.7% 16.1%

% with osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis B 47.3% 50.2%

% with osteoporosis W 25.3% 21.7%

% with glaucoma W 32.6% 25.1%

% with cataract B 64.0% 65.7%

% women with breast cancer 10.9% 10.3%

% with colon cancer 3.8% 3.3%

% men with prostate cancer 14.0% 14.6%

% with lung cancer 2.3% 2.1%

% with hypothyroidism 17.1% 17.2%

% with anemia 49.7% 48.7%

% with benign prostatic hyperplasia 39.2% 40.9%

% with chronic kidney disease W 23.9% 22.2%

Summary chronic disease measures

% with 4+ chronic conditions 62.8% 61.5%

% with 0 chronic conditions 7.3% 7.8%

LIVING WITH DISABILITY

% disabled for a year or more 31.3% 31.0%

Hearing impairment

% 65-74 with hearing difficulty 5.2% 7.4%

% 75+ with hearing difficulty 22.0% 21.2%

Vision impairment

% 65-74 with vision difficulty 3.1% 3.2%

% 75+ with vision difficulty 8.8% 9.3%

Cognition impairment

% 65-74 with cognition difficulty 5.3% 4.7%

% 75+ with cognition difficulty 12.7% 12.1%

Ambulatory impairment

% 65-74 with ambulatory difficulty 17.8% 12.9%

% 75+ with ambulatory difficulty 28.4% 29.4%

Self-care impairment

% 65-74 with self-care difficulty 3.7% 3.7%

% 75+ with self-care difficulty 10.1% 12.2%

Independent living impairment

% 65-74 with independent living difficulty 7.4% 7.2%

% 75+ with independent living difficulty 21.1% 24.3%

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WOBURN PAGE 4

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS BETTER / WORSE STATE RATE

COMMUNITY ESTIMATE

STATE ESTIMATE

ACCESS TO CARE

Medicare (65+ population)

% Medicare managed care enrollees 23.7% 21.2%

% dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid 8.3% 15.9%

% with a regular doctor 96.1% 96.2%

% did not see doctor when needed due to cost 4.3% 3.7%

# of primary care providers (within 5 miles) 491 11,897

# of hospitals (within 5 miles) 2 69

# of nursing homes (within 5 miles) 10 418

# of home health agencies (in same town) 34 210

SERVICE UTILIZATION

physician visits per year 7.6 7.6

emergency room visits/1000 persons 65+ years per year 687 646

Part D monthly prescription fills per person per year 52.4 52.7

home health visits per year 4.5 4.2

durable medical equipment claims per year 2.0 2.1

inpatient hospital stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year * 453 354

inpatient hospital readmissions (as % of admissions) * 19.7% 17.8%

skilled nursing facility stays/1000 persons 65+ years per year 133 117

COMMUNITY VARIABLES & CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

Air Pollution/Air Quality Index

Annual # of unhealthy days for older adults 0 NA

Walkability of Community

Walkability score (0-100) Very Walkable 75.0 52.6

# of registered voters (age 18+) 25,704 4,342,841

Voter participation rate in 2012 presidential election (age 18+) 75.8% 73.3%

SAFETY

Violent crime rate / 100,000 persons 214 428

Property crime rate / 100,000 persons 1,927 2,259

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/ town 3 484

# of motor vehicle fatalities involving adult age 60+/county 87 484

ECONOMIC VARIABLES

Poverty (65+ Population)

% with income below the poverty level past year 6.5% 9.3%

Household income (65+ householder)

% households with annual income < $20,000 19.0% 28.4%

% households with annual income $20,000-49,999 40.3% 34.1%

% households with annual income > $50,000 40.8% 37.5%

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WOBURN PAGE 5

HEALTHY AGING INDICATORS $ COUNTY ESTIMATE

$ STATE ESTIMATE

RATIO OF COUNTY TO STATE

Elder Economic Security Standard Index

Single, homeowner without mortgage, good health $24,600 $23,808 1.03

Single, renter, good health $28,956 $27,924 1.04

Couple, homeowner without mortgage, good health $35,616 $35,532 1.00

Couple, renter, good health $39,972 $39,648 1.01 TECHNICAL NOTES *See our technical report (http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/data-report/explore-the-profiles/data-sources-and-methods/#technical) for information on data sources, methodology, and margin of errors. For most indicators the reported community and state values are both estimates derived from sample data. Thus, it is possible that some of the differences between state and community estimates may be due to chance associated with population sampling. We use the terms “better” and “worse” to highlight differences between local and state estimates that we are confident are not due to chance. “Better” is used where a higher/lower value should have positive implications for the health of older residents. “Worse” is used where a higher/lower score should have negative implications for the health of older residents. When the implication for healthy aging is unclear we use an *. General Notes

• We used a hierarchical approach to reporting. We report estimates for every city/town in Massachusetts and 16 Boston neighborhoods when data allow. In other cases, we could only report indicators for aggregated areas (e.g., 14 MA counties, 33 Aging Service Access Points, 310 or 311 geographic units). The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• Total population estimates are from the 2010 Census and are reported for 367 geographic units (351 individual cities/towns and 16 subareas within Boston). Other population characteristic estimates are from the American Community Survey (ACS) (either 2007-2011 or 2008-2012) and are reported for the 367 geographic units. Note that % may not add up to 100% due to rounding error.

• Mortality rate, specific chronic disease, access and utilization estimates are for beneficiaries 65 years or older in 2011 from the 2011 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Master Beneficiary Summary File (MBSF). For these estimates some towns with smaller populations were aggregated together, resulting in 311 geographic areas in the state. The same estimate is reported for all cities/towns within aggregated geographic areas.

• The 2007-2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is the source for wellness, health behavior, and some prevention estimates. BRFSS indicators were estimated for persons 60 years or older for 33 geographic areas based on Aging Services Access Point (ASAP) geographic service areas. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same ASAP service area.

• Dentist supply estimates for 2010 were from the Area Resource File for 14 MA counties. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• Access to care data pertaining to the # of primary care providers, hospitals, nursing homes, and home health agencies were obtained July-August 2014 from the following CMS websites: http://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/homehealthcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/hospitalcompare/search.html, http://www.medicare.gov/physiciancompare/results.html.

• Walkability Estimates were downloaded from http://www.walkscore.com/ in July-August, 2013 using the finder term “city/town name, Massachusetts.” Estimates are reported for 367 individual cities/towns and subareas within Boston. “NA” is reported for towns where data on block length and intersection density were not posted. The state estimates are simple unweighted averages of the values reported for all towns with posted data and the 16 subareas within Boston.

• Air pollution/air quality estimates are from the US Environmental Protection Agency reported for 14 MA counties for older adults with no specific health concerns (2013). The same rate is reported for cities/towns within the same county.

• 2012 voter participation data from the Massachusetts Elections Division, Secretary of the Commonwealth. • Estimates are from 2007-2011 FBI Uniform Crime Reports (http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats). Some towns with smaller populations

were aggregated together resulting in 310 geographic areas in the state. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within these aggregated geographic areas and for subareas within Boston.

• Data on fatal auto (driver, passenger) and pedestrian accidents for persons age 60+ is from the Fatal Accident Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2008-2012), reported at the town and county level.

• The household income < $20,000 estimates are from the 2007-2011 ACS and are reported for individual cities/towns. The city of Boston rate is reported for all subareas within Boston. Poverty status for adults 65+ ACS 2007-2011.

• The 2010 Elder Economic Security Standard Index estimates were downloaded from http://www.basiceconomicsecurity.org/EI/ for 14 counties for persons 65 years or older. The same rate is reported for all cities/towns within the same county.

• The University of Massachusetts Boston Gerontology Institute Research Team includes: Elizabeth Dugan, Frank Porell, Nina Silverstein, Chae Man Lee, Joo Suk Chae, Brittany Gaines, Kristina Turk, Mei Chen, and Hyo Jung Lee. We thank Amanda Cox from the NYTimes.com for data visualization contributions.

• *Please send your questions/comments/ideas to [email protected] or post to the Massachusetts Healthy Aging Collaborative website at http://mahealthyagingcollaborative.org/connect/conversations/