M bIT ContinuousCambridge News ServiceMaSsachusetts Since 1881

Tuesday, June 27, 1989 _ I Volume 109, Number 28

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dealingscompetitiveness of Americanindustry.

ILP Associate DirectorThomas R. Moebus '69 said theinvitation Gray received from thesubcommittee stated that onlyfaculty equity holdings and po-tential financial conflict of inter-est in connection with technologytransfer programs would bediscussed at the hearing.

"Instead, they focused on theILP and- relations with foreigncompanies, and faculty equityholdings, both of which they didnot indicate in their letter toGray," Moebus declared.

Moebus added that before thehearing, an MIT faculty memberhad asked Weiss' staff whetherforeign participation in the ILPwould be discussed and had beenassured that the topic would notbe brought up.Committee's interest "misplaced"

Gray said that Weiss' assess-ment of high foreign participa-tion in the ILP, the largest of itskind in the nation, was flawedbecause American companiesthat do not belong to the pro-gram are free to contact MITfaculty members about theirresearch.

"We feel that the congress-man's interest was somewhat mis-placed," Moebus concurred."T ne questions [the committeelasked Gray betray a lack of un-

(Please turn to page 2)

Michael FranklinlThe Techpacked as 1776 students received 1945 de-the graduates and their families [see text on

Undergrees.

warm sunny skies, Killian Court wasFormer Sen. Paul Tsongas addressed

involvement of David Baltimore'61, a Nobel laureate and direc-tor of the Whitehead Institute forBiomedical Research. A promi-nent national spokesman for bio-medical issues as well as a highly-honored researcher, Baltimorehas emerged as the spokesmanfor the paper's authors, althoughhe was only peripherally involvedin the research' under question.

The real controversy involves,research' performed by TherezaImanishi-Kari, formerly of the

MIT Center for Cancer Researchand now a professor at TuftsUniversity. According to MargotO'Toole, a former post-doctoralstudent of Imanishi-Kari's, theexperimental data supporting thepaper's central thesis was mis-leading or false, rendering thepaper's major contributionuntenable.

After raising her concerns withfaculty members - at. both MIT

({Pease, turn to page A2)..

City passesBy Prabhat Mehta

The Cambridge City Councilyesterday approved an unprece-dented measure to regulate ani-mal research in the city's academ-ic and private researchinstitutions. The eight city coun-cillors present unanimously ap-proved an ordinance whichwould create a commissioner'spost to oversee all research in-volving vertebrates at MIT andHarvard, as well as eleven otherinstitutions. The ordinance maybe the widest-reaching local re-striction on animal research todate.

Under the new ordinance, re-search institutions which are notalready compelled by federal or

graduation;a~,o, ;Ilarl 1- rlmr kanth onr~ll

ates to deal with the "other war."He described this war as one with"Sour friends" - with Japan,Germany, Taiwan, Switzerland,Korea, and France - who "sellto us and then take away ourpatrimony in return."

He added that discipline, pur-pose, will, determination, hardwork, sacrifice, attitude, and"sabove all,... education"would be necessary. Until the"weapons of the mind" were cele-bratee1, he predicted the nationwould endure a declining stan-dard of living.

"Perhaps here, more than al-most any other campus in Ameri-ca, the products of M-IT will becalled upon to restore that patri-mony."

1945 degrees awardedGray and Deutch presented

1945 degrees - 1040 bachelor ofscience degrees and 905 advanceddegrees. The degree recipients in-cluded 413 women. The advanceddegrees consisted of 212 doctor-ates, 666 master's degrees, and 27engineer--degrees. A master of sci-

(Please turn to page 2)

By David P. HamiltonSome three years after a series

of experiments in an MIT bio-medical laboratory appeared as arelatively obscure scientific paperin the journal Cell, investigatorsare still sifting through masses ofevidence to determine the truthabout allegations of fraud andscientific misconduct.

Despite the seriousness of thesecharges, however, the importantissues raised by the investigationare not~ confined to the problemof scientific error, whetherpropagated accidentally orintentionally.

Instead, this incident raisesquestions about such disparatetopics as the ability of institu-tions to objectively examine alle-gations of misconduct, the free-dom junior researchers enjoy toquestion results achieved by theirsuperiors, and the extent towhich Congress should act to en-sure that publicly-funded re-search is carried out free ofmisconduct.

The case has attracted nationalattention largely because of the

ordinance.Although efforts to amend the

ordinance to allow an animalrights advocate to serve as thepublic member on the individualanimal care committees were de-feated at yesterday's meeting,those in attendance - many ofwhom wore patches identifyingthemselves as animal rights advo-cates - applauded the finalapproval.

Spearheading the animal rightscause has been the CambridgeCommittee for Responsible Re-search, which sponsored an earlyanimal rights ordinance in 1986.After a year of debate over theordinance, the city council calledfor the formation of the BRC tostudy the condition of laboratoryanimals in the city and make pro-posais. n¢e BRC concludeu ileatconditions in Cambridge labora-tories were generally clean andhealthy, but that public regula-tion would limit the potential forabuse.

After approval of the ordi-nance, Gul Agha, a spokesmanfor CCRR, expressed hope thatthe new ordinance would avoidmismanagement of animals in thecity's research institutions.

state laws to have animal carecommittees will be required to doso, and each of these committeeswill be required to have one"public" member not affiliatedwith the institution. The commit-tees will have approval powerover all research involving ani-mals at their institutions, but theappointed commissioner will haveveto power over any finaldecisions.

The commissioner will alsohave the authority to enter lab-oratories to assure that scientistsare following state and federalguidelines for humane treatment.Laboratories violating thoseguidelines will face fines of $300a day.

The ordinance was the result ofrecommendations made by theMa:yoral Blue Ribborn Committeeon Laboratory Animals in a hun-dred-page report submitted inFebruary. The Blue Ribbon Com-mittee consisted of three mem-bers, including John Moses,chairman of the Animal CareCommittee at MIT. BRC recom-mendations were unanimouslyapproved at a meeting of theCambridge City Council on Juiie5, at which time the city solicitorwas directed to draft a formal

Professor David Baltimore

Ciina hnad made iiin frewtie Ls-_speech.

"The massacre in TiananmenSquare ... shows how easily andhow dreadfully the spark of free-dom can be crushed by thosewho hold power and are soafraid of losing it," he stated. Hecalled those who were killed,"people who just wanted avoice.. . who - wanteddemocracy."

"I ask of you... that youhold to the values of-democracy:the freedom, indeed the obliga-tion, to talk and to listen - toforge a future, based not on thepower of one group of peopleover another, but a future basedon a partnership among peoples,among nations, people who re-spect each other enough to trusteach othe,."

Tsongas also condemned theChinese. government's actions andcalled for a moment of silence toremember the slain students.

While his references to theglobal village, the thawing of theCold War, and the "tide of.de-mocracy" suggested blurring ofnational boundaries, the rest ofhis address,-sprinkled with anec-

By Irene C;. KuoRemembrance of student dem-

onstrators massacred in Beijingechoed through speeches atMIT's 123rd commencement onJune 5 at which 1776 students re-ceived degrees and were exhortedby President Paul E. Gray '54 to"hold to the values ofdemocracy."

Under clear skies in KillianCourt, retiring MIT CorporationChairman David S. Saxon '41opened the commencement cere-mony by noting the disparity be-tween the culmination of thegraduates' studies and the "tragicculmination' of the Chinese stu-dent protests. Saxon, Gray, Pro-vost John M. Deuitch '61, formerPresident Howard W. Johnson,and commencement speaker PaulTsongas, a former US senatorfrom Massachusetts, wore blackmourning bands.

Gray-told the graduates that hehad intended to speak on thecold fusion controversy, inquiricginto allegations of academicfraud, and the need for them to

: increase public understandingand appreciation of science andtechnology, but that the events in

"'

Subcommnnittee targetsILP's foreigr

By Irene C. KuoA congressional subcommittee

singled out MIT's Industrial Liai-son Program as one technologytransfer program that is sellingthe results of federally financedresearch to-foreign firms.

At a hearing on June 13, Rep.Theodore S. Weiss (D-NY), chair-man of the Human Resourcesand Intergovernmental Relationssubcommittee, acknowledgedthat the program is open to bothUS and foreign companies, butsaid that foreign, particularlyJapanese, firms are its biggestusers.

MIT President Paul E. Gray'54 defended foreign participa-tion in programs like the ILP,one of the first attempts by a uni-versity to link research and com-mercial applications, as crucial toeducation and research at Ameri-can universities eager to learnabout foreign research andcorporate practices.

Both men's remarks aroseamidst an ongoing investigationby the Weiss subcommittee ofuniversities, the National Insti-tutes of Health, and the NationalScience Foundation for possibleimproper integration betweenuniversities and industry and forencouragement of the sale of sci-entific research. Officials at MITand other universities have ar-gued that technology transferprograms like the ILP are needed

. to improv e the productiity and

p. 12]. Photo essay page 5.

Fraud case raises deeper questionsAnalysis

animal rights ordinance

China news dominates

Paul E. McKenziePaul E. McKenzie '90, a 20-year-old political science major

from Flemington, NJ, died June 17 from injuries sustained inan automobile accident in Mexico. McKenzie was a midshipmanin the Navy ROTC program on active duty at the time of theaccident.

McKenzie was very active in extracurricular activities at MIT.In addition to his participation in Navy ROTC, he was-a sportsand news reporter for The Tech and had been named a co-captain of next year's track team. At last month's NCAA Divi-sion III track championships, McKenzie earned All-Americanhonors for his performances in the 400 meter intermediate hur-dles (eighth place) and as a member of MIT's 4x400 relay team.He set an MIT record for the intermediate hurdles at the meet.

He is survived by his parents and a brother, who is a studentat the University of Virginia.

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'March of Dimses_81RE~T EFOUKXNDATION_

SAVSE'S BABIESThis space donated by Thee Tech

ing champions from Xavier. In atoughly fought match, the Engi-neers shut out Xavier 6-0 with atry from Dan McCarthy.

In the finals MIT faced North-eastern. Though the Engineerswere weary after four games,they came on strong in this gamewith some great plays by ChevyVithiananthan &, McCarthy,T. J. Cradick, and Ed SweeneyG. and beat Northeastern 20-3 totake the championship.

At the awards ceremony, MIT'scaptain, Tom McCallum G wasnamed the most valuable player.Other players who -contributedthroughout the championshipwere Warren Brown '89, Cliff Fe-derspiel G. and Steve Eikenberry

MIT will compete next monthin the Ten Good Men rugby tour-nament in Maynard, MAt.-

(Cliff Federspiel G is a memberof the men's rugby club.)

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phael said the-question remains,."How can we do, a better job of.takinigzour basic research in thiscountry and, getting American

.oip-ames tOStale advanltage of itpgci ~6cxninrcializc it?"MIET lawyers react to, "ambush"

Gray said-after 'the hearing thathe had been'"ambushed." Thepresence of former MIT facultymember David F Noble, who issuing both the school and Graybecause he was denied tenure inthe Program in Science, Technol-ogy and Society, among the wit-nesses at the hearing particularlvunnerved school officials.

After the hearing, MIT lawyerspublicly objected to the subcom-mittee's reluctance to release thenames of the people who werescheduled to testify.

In a letter to Weiss, attorneyRobert E. Sullivan of the firm ofPalmer & Dodge, which repre-sents MIT in pending litigationinitiated by Noble, wrote that Di-ana Zuckerman, the subcommit-tee staff person identified as hav-ing responsibility. for the hearing,had repeatedly demurred fromreleasing such a list. As late asthe day before the hearing,Zuckerman had promised to tele-copy to MIT a *ritness list thatwas "in the typewriter."

American taxpayers are payingfor research whose results are be-

-ing sold to (Japanese) industriesthat will not necessarily benefit-the American- public?" Weissasked Gray._ Gray responded that he was

not,- and said the Tokyo officehad'been- set up not to solicitJapanese firms, but for the con-venience of MIT faculty membersvisiting Japanese members.

"If your concern is the extentto which federally funded re-search is exploited by other coun-tries, you shouldn't focus on ILPor programs like it at other uni-versities," Gray told the subcom-mittee. "You'd have to changethe whole context in which uni-versity research and graduateeducation take place and put itunder wraps."

Desirable lack of restrictionson technology transfer?

At the hearing, the director ofthe NSF said the exchange of in-formation between Japan and theUnited States is "So to I in favorof the Japanese," but did notcriticize the ILP. He said univer-sities have no choice but to putresearch results in. the publicdomain.

Moreover, university research-ers maintained that limiting thespread of information to Japanout of fear of economic competi-tion from the Japanese would beimpractical.

"When you start talkinig about'techno-nationalism, ' you can'ttalk only about limiting informa-tion flow to Japan,," said JamnesH. Raphael, director of researchon Japan at Stanford University'sNortheast Asia-US Forum on In-ternational Policy. "There's al-ways third parties to. pass italong. It's a pr~etty leakymembranve."

"The future is so, intertwinedWe'can't take a natonalistic per-spective on these sot d- tins,he added. - ftig,

Echoing sentiments that Aer-ican1 -companiies have been slow' tofund -research and send their besttechnical people to universities tostudy for an academic year, Ra-

(Continued from page 1)derstanding of how relations [intechnology transfer programs]work."

Gray argued that the results ofall-MIT research are in the publicdomain. "The ILP does not pro-vide exclusive access, privilegedaccess or private access to thoseresults," he said. "It does providefacilitated access.'

The 287 corporations partici-pating in the program include170 US and 57 Japanese firms.Each pays between $10,000 andover $100,000 a year for access toMIT research in their areas of in-terest. Company executives mayvisit MIT, and participating fac-

100 faculty members with thehighest point totals was $3600.

Weiss. said- that ILP recordsshow that of- 25 MIT faculty,metrbers who received more than$1 millioni in. federal grants in re-cent years, 80 percent "had worecontacts- with foreign corpora-tions than American ones." Weiss'recalled that Gray had repeatedlycalled both for greater federalfunding of research and forstronger business-university tiesas ways to help US competitive-ness, and he maintained that theestablishment of an ILP office inTokyo proved that the programwas working against that goal.

"Are you at all concerned that

ulty members may Yisit companyoffices. Executives may- also. re---ceive copies of research publishedby MIT faculty members and."preprints," copies of papers thathave not yet been published.

Faculty participation, is volun-tary, but those who join' receivepoints, worth $35 each, for thework they do. A phone conversa-tion with a company representa-tive, for example, is worth 2points. The points may be re-deemed for office furniture, com-puter equipment, or professionaltravel. The average amount re-ceived by faculty members partic-ipating in the' program last yearwas $665; the average among the

(Continued from page 1)

and Tufts, O'Toole complainedthat the resulting institutional re-views of the research were flawedby "false and damaging" state-mnents, misrepresentations, andthe investigators' failure to pressfor the correction of the paper'sfalse claims, which she character-ized at the time as error, notfraud.

At the same time, O'Tooleclaimed that her career began tounravel as the result of hostilityon the part of unnamned MIT fac-ulty members and Imanishi-Kari,who she said. requested thatO'Toole not be allowed to returnto an appointment at Tufts.

The paper's authors have putforth a very different account.Baltimore, for instance, has ac-knowledged that the paper con-tained scientific'errors', buit ar-gued that the MIT and Tuftsreviews were fair and thoroughand that they found the errors sominor as to warrant nocorrection.

Baltimore also denied that anyfraudulent behavior ever tookplace. In a letter to MIT investi-gator Herman Eisen later thatyear, however, Baltimore com-plained that Imanishi-Kari hadwithheld information about aparticular experiment, writing,"Why Thereza chose to use thedata and to mislead both of usand those who read the paper isbeyond me." Baltimore has sinceexplained the letter as the resultof a "misunderstanding' basedon language difficulties.

Through the actions of two un-official fraud investigators fromthe National Institutes of Health,

MIT rugby

O'Toole's case came to the atten-tion of the House Subcommitteeon Oversight and Investigation.The subcommittee, chaired byRep. John Dingell (D-MI), waspursuing an investigation intoother incidents of scientific fraudwith the intent of gauging institu-tional response to allegations ofmisconduct.

Between the actions of the sub-committee and a reopened NIHinvestigation, the paper's authorsrecently have been under signifi-cant pressure. The subcommitteehas subpoenaed laboratory dataand correspondence, scheduledinterviews at short notice, andbrought in the Secret Service toperform forensic analysis onlaboratory notes and data.

In response, Baltimore hasmarshaled the prestige and re-sources of the Whitehead Insti-tute in" an "impressive defense ofthe authors' research. Colleagueswrote Op-Ed pieces in newspa-pers such as The New YorkTimes and The Wall Street Jour-nal decrying the Dingell "witch-hunt' and painting Baltimore asa natural target for publicity-hungry congressional investiga-tors, while the Whitehead publicrelations staff devoted itself topreparing a defense for Balti-more's appearance at subcommit-tee hearings last May.

The subcommittee has alsocaused a certain amount of trou-ble for itself, as its investigationhas at times been- sloppy. Onesubcommittee aide, Peter Stock-ton, carelessly told the BostonGlobe last year that "at certaintimes, it appears to be fraud andother times, misrepresentation."The Secret Service spent hours

cdub. wins

analyzing an autoradiograph thatappeared in the paper, eventuallyconcluding it was a composite ofseveral pictures, only to learnthat composite autoradiographsare common practice in presenta-tions of immunological research.

These mistakes have providedammunition for Baltimore's de-fenders, who write passionatelyabout overzealous prosecutorsand the spectre of a stultified re-search environment in which "allthe fun" is taken out of scienceby too much federal regulation.Meanwhile, the investigators andtheir allies remain suspicious ofuntidy loose ends in the scien-tists' story, such as the postdatingof Imanishi-Kari's lab notes.

Almost lost in the fray is anydiscussion about the environmentthat allowed a relatively minorscientific dispute to blossom intosu~ch a full-blown conflict.O'Toole has' argued that it isnearly impossible for junior sci-erntists to entertain serious dis-agreements with their seniorswhen these very scientists mayone day be sitting on tenure com-mittees or reviewing grants. Simi-larly, if institutional review proce-dures, and even -' NIHinvestigations, appear easily in-fluenced by entrenched interestswithin the university, the founda-tions of academic freedom are abit less steady.

A Pubm Servie of This Newspaw& The Adverfsing Council 0

We knowyoua have

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(Continued from page 1)ence degree in engineering wasawarded posthumously to Wil-liam S. Tuleen, who was killed inan auto accident on March 28.

Three or four graduates borebody-length banners that pro--claimed "MIT War ResearchKills." Another graduate.had aflier- remembering the'slain stu-dents in China taped to his back.On a lighter note, Corinne Way-shak '89 had, a video cameraattached to her mortarboard.

Senior Class President CarissaG. Climaco '89 presented Graywith $5663.98, "seed money" forthe Class of 1989 ScholarshipFund.

Cambridge resident Bob La-

Tremouille of the Simplex Steer-ing Committee carried out a qui-et, one-man demonstration justoutside Killian Court. He calledthe Simplex site "MIT's littleTiananmen."

By Cliff FederspielSaturday, June 17 was a big

day for MIT men's rugby, as theclub won the collegiate divisionof the Rsockaways Seven-A-SideRugby Tournaments in Queens,NY. The tournament is the larg-est seven-a-side rugby tourna-ment in the United States, with24 collegiate entries and 84 totalentries spread between men'sclubs, college clubs, women'sclubs and a social division.

MIT began their winningstreak of five games with a 1f0victory over Drew. The Engineersthen soundly defeated Manhattan24-0, with three trys contributedby Jonathan How G. to progressto the quarterfinals. Unfortu-nately, Brett Masters '91 had toleave the Manhattan game with aknee injury, but was able tocoach the team from the sidelinesfor the rest of the series.

In the quarter-finals, -MITcame up against a fit team fromVassar College. However, MIToutsized- and outran Vassar foranother 18-0 shutout victory withseveral strong runs up the middleby Alec Jessiman and ElmoPratt.--

Progressing to the semi-finals,the Engineers faced the defend-

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_C~ieaa PAGE 2 The Tech TUESDAY, JUNE-27, 1989

Committee focuses on - ndustrial Liason Program

Fraud case raises deeper questions

Gray, Tsongas ad-dress- IIT T's comrnencement

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Allison moves onshore; heatspreads into the Northeast

Tropical Storm Allison, the Atlantic hurricaneseason's first tropical storm, waded onshoreMonday along the northeastern Texas Gulf Coast.The storm's most serious threat appeared to be notits winds but heavy rains - up to 15 inchesanticipated in some parts of northeastern Texas andsoutheastern Louisiana.

In the local area, some of the warmesttemperatures of the year are anticipated today andperhaps tomorrow as winds at the surface becomesouthwesterly. All areas of southern New Englandexcluding south facing coastal areas will havetemperatures in the middles 80s to lower 90s. OnWednesday, as a cold front approaches, clouds willhelp keep temperatures a few degrees colder butrelatively high dew points will likely makeWednesday feel much more uncomfortable. Coolerand drier weather is forecast for the latter half ofthe week.

Tuesday afternoon: Mostly sunny, very warm, andmore humid. winds become southwest 7-22°F (-14 to -6 °C). High 86-91 'F (30-33 °C).

Tuesday night: Partly cloudy, warm and humid.Low around 70°F (21 °CQ. Winds southwest 10-15 mph (16-24 kph).

Wednesday: Variably cloudy skies with rain showersand thundershowers. Some thundershowers maybe heavy. Warm and humid. Winds south-southwest 10-15 Bph (16-24 kph). HIgh 83-88°F(28-31 °C).

Thursday: Clearing, cooler, drier. High around80 -F (27 -C).

Forecast by Michael C. Morgan

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: China denies massacreas party purge looms

Remember the pictures of the carnage when the Chinesearmy crushed the pro-democracy demonstrations inBeijing's Tianamen Square earlier this month? A seniorChinese military official insists it never happened. He re-peated government -positions as he spoke with reporterstouring the square, saying: "The whole process was non-violent. No one used'guns." He added that some innocentpeople may have been wounded as troops tried to reachthe square. Chinese witnesses and Western intelligencesources, however, say the death toll in the assault on thesquare may have been as high as 3,000.

The Chinese government media are continuing theirpropaganda offensive against the Communist Party offi-cials who sympathized with the student-led democracydemonstrations. The media are encouraging support forthe purging of Zhao Ziyang as party boss. He had calledfor moderation in dealing with the demonstrations. Chi-nese authorities are saying that all China backs the purg-ing of top moderates in the party, and are suggesting thatthe ouster drive may expand.

China, activists flee crackdownSources in Hong. Kong say an "underground railroad"

is helping get democracy activists out of China. Amongthose who have--reportedly escaped the martial law crack-down are two leading intellectuals and a student leaderwho was on the' government's most-wanted list.

ISoviet sub catches fireNorway is aiming pointed words at Moscow over a So-

viet nuclear submarine that caught fire. Norwegian offi-cials are complaining that they were not fully warned af-ter yesterday's accident. Soviet officials said the fire wascaused by a reactor malfunction. It is the third accidentinvolving a Soviet ship 'near-Norway in three months. Thesubmarine,.bilowing smoke, limped into a Soviet port.

Judge rules Giamattiis biased against Rose

A lawyer for Pete Rose called it "justice." A lawyer formajor league baseball called it a "serious mistake." ACincinnati judge on Sunday decided to keep baseballcommissioner Bart Giamatti from holding a hearing yes-terday on allegations that Rose gambled on baseballgames. The judge said Giamatti is biased against Rose. Intwo weeks, the judge will decide whether he or the base-ball commissioner should decide what happens to Rose.

Death penalty okay for16-year-olds, Court says

Amnesty International calls the latest Supreme Courtdecision on the death penalty another step backward intohistory. The justices yesterday ruled that states can imposethe death penalty for murderers who committed theircrimes when they were as young as 16. The decisioncomes in two cases where the defendants were 16 and 17.

There's nothing in the Constitution limiting the size ofjury awards for punitive damages in personal-injury suits.That is the gist of another decision by the Supreme Courtyesterday. The justices ruled that a constitutional ban onexcessive fines is limited to criminal, not civil, cases. Thedecision comes anid growing concern over how unlimitedawards may stifle American businless.-

A 5-4 Supreme Court ruling gives police new leeway onhow they word the famous Miranda warnings to criminalsuspects. The justices said an Indiana version of the warn-ing that says a lawyer will be provided for suspects "ifand when" they go to court is all right. A lower court saidthat wording could lead a suspect to think he could legallybe interrogated by police before seeing a lawyer.

Three major oil spillshit nation over weekenrd

Of the three major US oil spills since Friday, the onethat appears to be posing the biggest cleanup problem isin the Delaware River, dividing Delaware and New Jersey.A Coast Guard spokesman said the heavy-grade fuel oilsinks, which makes it difficult to remove from the river.An estimated 800,00 gallons of oil leaked from aUruguayan.tanker- that ran aground Saturday.

A Coast Guard spokesman in Texas said of a crude oilspill near Galveston, 'God smiled all over us this time;"Most of the 250,000 gallon spill has been corralled in aship channel, where it's being pumped into holding-tanks.About one mile of beach was fouled in Galveston Bay,after Friday's collision between an oil barge ancd a ship.

Nature is dispersing most of the 400000 gallons ofheating oil that spilled~ riday when a tanker hit a reef offRhode Island. The light-weight oil, which evaporateseasily, has been blowing out to sea.

GAO indicates federal AIDSestimate may be too low

The government may have been too optimistic when itguessed how many victims of AIDS there would be in theUnited States in the next couple of years. A new study bythe General Accounting Office of Congress estimates thatby the end of 1991 between -300,000 and 480,000 Ameri-cans will have been diagnosed with AIDS. The best guessof federal health officials had been 285,000.

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Bank cf Boston study creditsMIT. alums for entrepreneurship

MIT alumni have founded more than 600 companieswhich have directly and indirectly created 300,000 jobs inMassachusetts alone, according to a study by the Eco-nomics Department of the Bank of Boston. The 636alumni firms, found in more than 20 industries located in104 Massachusetts cities and towns, generate at least $10billion. The report 'hMIT: Growing businesses for the fu-ture" was released by MIT President Paul E. Gray '54 ata news conference yesterday at the President's House.(MIT News Office)

TUESDAY, JUNE 27, 1989

Compiled by Niraj S. Diesai

!0

The Tech PAGE 3 1 11l111

Lu nch- -a 1 Fo rH o ni eA Short Wtalk From MIT and Kendall Square

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Volurne 109, Number 28 Tuesday, June 27, 1989

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Chairman ........... .......... Marie E. V. Coppola '90Editor in Chie ................................ Niraj S. Desai '90Business. MdRanager ......... Genevieve C. Sparagna '90Managsig Editor ..... ..........-.......... Peter E. Dunn GExecutbive Editor .......................... Andrew L. Fish '89News Editors ........................................... A nnabelle Boyd '90

Linda D'Angelo '90Irene C. Kuo '90

Prabhat Mehta '91Night Edit . .. lxJosh Hartmann '932Opinion Editor ............................ M ~ichael Gojer-'90Sports Editors ............ ............... MiN~chael J. Garrison G

Harold A. Stern '87Arts Editors ................. Christopher J. Andrews '88Debby Levinson '91Pho0toraphly Editors .......... Lisette WV. M. Larnbregts '90

Kristine AuYeunq '91twangu W Edhcols- ...........................- -.Ellark K.anitrowitz 'is9

Ezra Peisach '89Mark D. Virtue '90Advertising M~anager .................... Lcois Eaton '92Senior Editor .................... Jonathan Richmond G

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7he h Tech IISSN 0148-9607) is published Tuesdays and Fridays during the academicyear {except during MiT vacations), Wednesdays during January, and monthly duringthe summer far $17.00 per year Third Class by The Tech, 84 Massachusetts Ave.Boom W20-483, Cambridge, :MA 02139-0901. Third Class postage paid at Boston,MA. Non-Profit Org. Permit No. 59720. POSTMASTER: Please send all addresschanges to our mailing address; The Tech, PO Box 29, MI0T BraCO h, Cambridge, -MA02139-0901. Telephone: (617) 253-1541. FAX: (617) 2Wfi8226. Advertising,subscription, and typesenirin rates viyailsble. Entire contenu ( 199 Tim Tech. TheTech is a member of the Associated Press. Printed by Ctharls River Publishing, Inc.

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picket fence, 1.8 children, etc.,and 'there is absolutely nothingsimplistic about it. Indeed, inthese days - and because of theReagan years - the tranquility ofa stable family life is more unat-tainable than ever.

Andrew Lurnsdaine &

dream itself. Furthermore, a filmthat favorably portrays this typeof life is not "peddling" anythingany more than a film which fa-vorably portrays a different typeof life is "peddling" anything.

Personally, I hope to have ahouse in the suburbs, with a

This letter is in response toManavendrs K. ThakPur's column"Film shares the fantasy view ofworld that Reagan sold to Ameri-ca" [June 5]. I am not going todispute Thakur's opinion of ilmField of Dreams, which is hisown and is certainly valid. H~ow-ever, if Thakur had paid closerattention to the film (I say thisbecause of factual errors in thefilm synopsis), and had not seenit through the filter of a pre-formed political agenda, the con-clusions about the film may havebeen different.

Thakur missed the point inconnecting the Reagan years tothe Rockwell type of America -the "American dream." Reaganoffered this dream to America,and an overwhelming majority ofpeople responded, for the simplereason that they found thisdream attractive. But Reaganseemed to have no intention ofactually providing the dream toanyone. Rather, he used thepromise of the dream to lureAmericans into voting for him sothat he could use his policies toline the pockets of his mlitary-industrial cronies. This is wherethe deception took place - the'end effect of the Reagan yearswas In fact to put the Americandream out of the reach of mostAmericans.

There is nothing wrong or de-ceptive about the American

MIT clothinga dra-erecei\vU $tronngsunpr last month

The MIT Center fOr PublicService would like to thank theMIT community for its over-whelming response to our cloth-ing drive of May 22-26. We gath-ered around eight vanloads ofclothes from the seven collectionpoints: Lobby 7, Building E18,Senior House, Eastgate, BakerHouse, SQ0 Memorial Drive, andWestgate. The clothing was do-nated to CASPAR, Pine StreetInn, and St. Francis H~ouse,which are homeless shelters inBoston and Cambridge; the Sal-vation Army; and the MargaretFuller House, a community cen-ter in Cambridge. We appreciatethe generosity of the MIT com-munity and hope that students,faculty, and staff wil maintainand increase their commitment tohelping those less fortunate thanthemselves.

The students quoted in the ar-ticle entitled "Students ReleaseReport on MICAR" [June 51justly complain of the delay inthe completion of the MilitaryImpact on Campus Research re-port. The cause was a series ofaccidents none of which are ger-mane to the issues of interest to

MICAR. I have been recently ap-pointed chairman and have re-cruited additional committeemembers. The report of MICARwill become available during thecoming academic year 1989-90.

Herman FeshbachInstitute Professor Emeritus

"The political climate in China isn't unfavorable for all foreign investors.We make interrogation equipment."

Associate News Editors: Seth Gordon '91, Gaurav Rewari '91,David Rothstein '91, Reuven M. Lerner '92, Joanna Stone '92;Senior Wrfters: David P. Hamilton G; Staff: Anita Hsiung '90,Miguel Cantillo '91, Adnan Lawai '91, Tzielan Lee '92, Da-.^Nolt '92, Amy J. Ravin '92, Casimir Wierzynski '92, PaulaMaute; Mesteorolgists: Robert X. Black G. Robert J. ConzemiusX, Michael C. Morgan G.

SPORTS STAFFAssociate Sports Editor: Shawn Mastrian '91; Staff: Anh Thu Vo'89, Manish Bapna '91, Adam Braff '91, Emil Dabora '91, KevinT. Hwang '91.

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OPINION STAFFKai F Chiang '92.

FEATURES STAFFJeff Ford '90, W. Owen Harrod '90, Allan T. Duffn '91, TaroOhkawa 'o1, Katherine M. Hamill '92.

ARTS STAFFMark Roberts G. Julian WVest G. V. Michael Bove '83, Mark Ro-man '87, Manavendra K. Thakur '87, Michelle P. Perry '89, RobMAarte~lo '90, Peter Parnassa '30, Paige Parsons '90, David Stern'91, Alfred Armendariz '92.

PHOTOGRAPHY STAFFAssociate Photography Editor: Michael Franklin '88, Staff:Michael D. Grossberg G, Andy Silber Go Joyce Y. Wong '88,Vic-tor Liau '89, Joyce Ma '89, Ken Church '90, Julian Iragorri '90O,Mike Niles '90, Wes Huang '91, Sarath Krishnaswarny '91,Georginla A. Maldonado '91, Ognen J. Nlastov '91, Ray Powell' 91, M ~auricio Roman ' 91,, Marc Wisnudel ' 91, Leroathodi-LapulaLeeuw '92, Jacqueline D. Glener.

Virginia SorensonMatt Turner '89Irene Stricki '89MIT Center for

Public Service

BUS/NESS STATFAssociate Advertising Manager: Nyla J. Hendrick '92; Advertis-irng Accounts Manager: Catherine Lukancic '92; DelinquentACccounts Manager: Russell Wilcox '91; Staff: Shanwei Chen'92, Heidi Goo '92, Mark E. Haseltine '92, Ellen Hornbeck '92.

PRODUCTION STAFFAssociate Night Editors: Bhavik Ra Bakshi G. Daniel A. Sidney G;Staff: Carmen-Anita C. Signes '90, BEanca D. Hernandez-'91,David J. Chen '92, Peggy. C. H'Sieh '92, Lesley C. Johnson '92,Sheeyun Park '92.

PRODUGT/ON STAFF FOR THIS ISSUENight Editor: .............. Marie E. V. Coppola '90Staff: Jonathan Richmond G. Daniel A. Sidney G, MiRlchael J.Franklin '88, Halvard K. Birkeland '89, Ezra Peisach '89.

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Columnist confused R"aganism adwith. American dreamI

Military impact commettee will finishits report in 1988'89 academic year

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Ad __W<^ Iss"we- o",,ng,

-iA COUNTRY MiBy Geoffrey Perret.Random House, 62

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pretation -ofif ieligence., b it' s itsless,threatening to the- Soviets, and helps' keep t'itchy finge!rs off the-nuclear trigger.

Taken together) perret's inattention. todtihis clumsy prose, and the utterly in-

adequate treatment of his "th eme" (whichwarrants all of eight pages, or just overone percent of his book) easily lead one tobelieve. that A Country Made By War isjust another glorified military history withenough window dressing masquerading as,"serious analysis"- to lend, the book a: ve-neer of respectability. There's no doubtthat Perret cares-deeply about his, subject,but his sloppy and heavy-handed approachmakes this a book to avoid.

du inilitar- hitoy 't I -tesisBADE BY WAR ^ but inl creditiig.Ameiicak4 globaiJpegm theyreal ADE BY WAR ~nence -almost -wholly to forge of -arm's it in- often' falls into. S~~~~~~fates the importance of the armed forces' aismns that on

,9 pp., $22.50 beyond'All. reasonable limits. A quic-k dose the subject m;of PadI Kennedy mpight be in order. :

P. HAILTON - ---- Even worsIe-A telling instancer is Perrets treatment Oef

d THT A NATION is a of Dwight'-D. Eisenihower's-farewell. ad- tof its history has exer- dress, the famous walning about the-mil- 0-culiar fascination over itar-inldustrial complex."- Ina-,work de'vot-ho Periet, whose latest ed 'to' placing the' armed forces in the. the "unsalvag

:t is long, dull, and not context of American history, it- would Ft

nt. Nine majorivars. in hardly be improper' to question the grow- ly, Perret isn't'-s, have been "like the ing dominance of defense'-related re'search 'by which [the United and its .con'sequences for the civilian econ- I_6 vnas

Itness. No other nation omy -and the health of the nation as acmg, so consistently, or whole. Eisenhower's speech gets- all of one- P *-alesi h ok through force of paragraph intebws owever, and Per- In a similar

ret sweeps modern criticism of the MIC "fact` arise e0 pages of A Country uinder -the rug in 'extolling the virt ues of his attentionIwever, Perret succeeds "dual use" technologies.,- dently blushi

ustry gplytdwitohttacd The brief introduction to the work rein- n°uofels

f~vaj~ehbn~ttlg-:aldand terests -lie with the fire and.smnoke of the rpiaetu

whih t mae ahisory study. Describing -an infantryman immor- 1dtalized in a Belleau Wood wa meoial, aesW

city of Perret's thesis tion in gtrhe theattere ofiwar: " He ies strripiped American first

e riiuthor nar possibilty to the waist, his- naked -flesh exposed to If it actuavsce ny geat owermaiming and violent death, a raw expres- would explain

ay ri e bywrrs s ion of the- savagery of hand-to-hand nale behind Iayf'made' by ware rhis fighting. He is ready to kill or be killed." weapons such

Lousy' he writes. Unfortunately, Perret lacks the narrative besies. preictets justification of his skill to really make his battlefield scenes foresnt 'ridiaeisting the great powers interestinlg. short, choppy senltenices and thucs the ndevlade by war and point- inappropriate -generalization ("What saved tu h eeoited States has avoided Savannah was treachery. The plan of at- 1°s and later o

[e explanation niot only tack was betrayed. The British prepared a threa ofc acciks economic factors, huge killing ground.") obscure more than theto ci

as only wtiFurthermore, Perret's writingto clichd and chatty colloquii-ily draw atte'ntion away fromiatiter., ''-

,the lokihome. to at least

eror. and many, more ques-rtions. Describing. the~ battleri World- War II, Perret tellscrican submarine torpedoed,eable' carrier Yorktown af-ese withdrawal. Unfortuniate--teven really close. The York-

k by the Japanese submarinea salvage crew was attempt-

r fashion, odd statements ofen masse when Perret turnsto nuclear strategy. Confi-

ting aside the public pro--handed down by a genera-

tr analysts, Perrit writes that,e first-strike strategy has5 war -planning for decades.elligence can provide Ameri-ith enough advance warningI Soviet launch to prepare ant strike, Perret suggests.

ailly existed, such a policyi a great deal about the ratio-highly accurate, silo-bustingZ as the MX and Trident D-5American doctrine has longed on the ability of strategice out" a Soviet first strike -lopment first of hardened si-A submarine-launched weap-)osture not only reduces theidental war due to misinter-

By -DAVID I

HE TRUISM

product ofcised a pe4

'Geo~ffreybook on the subjecteven terribly relevan200 years, he writerrungs on a ladderStates] rose to greathas triumphed. so loon such a vast sczarms."

Inl more than 601Made By War, howonly in providing American military htical descriptions ofsessments of relatistrategic advantage,framework within Wcal analysis.

The very'- simplicleaves him open tothat only strikes th(of his work. "To de.as being in some wabeing dismissed as oiglimpse of the obvi,

Too true. Perret'theme consists of Ihthat have been unm,ing out that the Uniitheir fate. This facil(completely overloot

Standing like a warrior, with his back to-the audience,, Aeneas - sings 'Behold uponmy bending spear, A monlster's headstands bleeding,'? raising his -sarong as hedoes so. The rest of the cast are turnedaway, but Dido, sitting beside. him, glancesquickly down at his crotch. The movementpasses almost immediatelyi one. cheekytwist amid a tapestry of detail.

M-dsically, the performances was- tightand 6iciting; The need to-k eep a more reg-ular rhythm for the beneft of the dancers

-did not unduly compromise Craig Smith'screativity, and only at one point -in Dido's"Your counsel all is urged-in vain" did thesinging lapse a little.

Although, only a little more- than anhour long, this performance packed morecraptivity and vitality than I've seen onstage for some time. We can only hopethat Morris can be lured from- his Belgianhome to perform for us again-

and long black sarongs; hair, lipstick, andearrings were colored to match: Althoughthe androgynous dancers usually workedtogether, each moved independently givingthe choral dancing a textured feel. One'seye absorbed the action across the wholestage,, as if appreciating. the beauty., of afield of'wheat rippling in the wind, butwas continually drawn, this way and that tothe beauty of the individual movemnentscompnsin this pten Evqry gesture

dwn- to- the -cr~oofi- -of a-h-ine joint,was part of the -pattern. The, hands, assweeping fans of fingers or, the jut of afist, are important- elements in Morris'symbolic repertoire, and sometimes theyeven formed the' sign language~ of the deaf.

-Morris, himself is, a virtuoso performer,both in his, technical miastery and also inhis gorgeous presence. on stage'. His D~idowas no crude drag 'queen, but a grand

diva, awash ill her own tragedy, her sexual-ity all the more compelling for it's -ambigu-ity. Here too Morris' wit surfaced; we no-ticed the theatricality of Dido's grief whenshe was alone with her serving women,encouraging them to ex cesses of woe.

Aeneas, played by Guillermo Restloj was,a paragon of classical male beauty,stripped to> the -waist~to display~ his sc'ulp-tured back and fearsome Mdediterraneanprofile. His: danlcing'-was -tight- and -formal,built around a range of stock arm gesturesthat bespoke the facade Aeneas must con-struct to justify, his departure to D~ido.Only at the moment of their brief couplingdid his angularity yield, in a -scene thatwith a few rolling movements and thegentlest of brushings, by a trailing armconveyed a wealth of sensuality. The twolovers had one quick exchange of glancesthat typified the playfulness that Morriswould sometimes mingle with the tragedy.

1DID AND AENEASOpera by Henry Purcell.Directed by Mark Morris.The Monnaie Dance Group.Music by Emmanuel Music Group.Music directed by Craig Smith.At The Majestic Theatre, -June 64V.Presented by Dance Umbrella.

By MAR ROBERTS

TWO W IEEKS AGO, MARK MORRIS and-- his troupe of dancers, now based

at the Monnaie Theatre in Brus-sels, gave their onlly - scheduled

American performances of Dido and Ae-neas. Poor America -and. lucky Boston- for this was a superb artistic -event.Mark Morris, as choreographer and star,dancing the roles of both, Dido and herevil counterpart, the sorceress, led hisdancers through a sensual, witty perfor-mance of great beauty.

The action was wonderfully married tothe music, deeply expressive of the emo-tional content of the story without beingtoo literally representational.- Baroque mu-sic, with its symmetries and order regulat-ing the invention, provides anI inspirationto the liberating vigor of modern dance,and can often supply a particularly strik-ing accompaniment to it. Morris' choreog-raphy acknowledged not only the beautyand vitality of Purcell's music, but alsothat slight sense of silliness that lingers inthee borakC,UDunpo1 the baroque. Tlhe long,skipping runs with which the singers endedsome of their arias were accompanie~d bysome equally delicate, 'inventive move-ment, an act both of divine insanity and alittle ridiculouls, subverting the operaticgrandeur of the emotions.

Except for the principals, the dancerswere dressed alike, clad in black T-shirts

lent, as were the instrumentalists - aspickup ensemble, constructed for the Festi-val. Standout performers included bass so-loist Jan Opa-lach, tenor Martin Kelley,and Paula Chaeaun~euf on lute.

The mass was reconstructed. by Parrottand Hugh Keyte from-music of Montever-di and vatrious contemporaries. The music,was beautiful, presenting sedv"eral "oy-ous'and even ecstatic moments, includingg asudden chromatically 1lc;scending melodyhalf-way through thet mass, and a comple-mentary ascending chromatic melody atthe end. Variety was also present through-out the music, which ranged from light-hearted, energetic fanfares to highly dra-matic declarations to soft, sweet melodies.

The performance was serene - perhapstoo serene. At a length of over ninety min-utes (with no intermission), manymoments seemed to drag.

St. Paul's Church, located in HarvardSquare, was a fine choice of location forthe concert. Grandiose, large, and beauti-ful, with acoustics to match, thle cathedralwas an appropniate settinig for the mass.

The Boston Early Music Festival occursin Boston every two years; it draws earlymusic specialists from all over the, world.The Festival featured performance of earlymusic works (including-an opera of Mo-zart, considered 'early" music this year),

lectures, demonstrations, and m~asterclasses.

FEAST OF S. MARIA, DELLA SAULTE.-Mass by Claudio Monteverdi. Directed by Andrew Parrott.Part of the Boston Early Music Festival.Sunday, May 28.

By DAVID STERN

- jT%-HiFIFTH BOSTON EARLY MUSICfestival beganl this year with aperformance of a reconstructedmass by Monteverdi,.Solemn

'High Mass for the Feast of S. Maria dellsSaulte. Andrew Parrott conducted the.choir and instrumentalists, some of whomplayed period instruments.

The performers were uniformly excel-

TALKING GODBy Tony HillermanHarper & Row, 239 pp. $17.95

is usual with Hillerman, the mystery puz- b ua nelgne h mg htlnzle is complex, with several interlocking gers with me is Jim Chee surreptitiouslypieces that don't seem to fit together until exchanging a real Talking God mask in thethe climax;. But with Hillerman, whatt Smithsonian for a replica because he can'tsticks with the reader isn't the solution to bear the thought of the real one in' thethe puzzle'but the moods and -the details " hands of unbelievers. -

-th pan o Ji-Cee-n Te #3tylI've found. theea oint pint n sveveral otrying to decide whether to' eavae his life as;.. Hillerman's mysteries to be the c ricatured'a Navajo to marfry his wWhite girlfriend o,^ -rr-kooky bad g uycmit-wt opee

- te dspar o Jo Laphrn fte th -about one parenn t oi r another. Unfort iunate-deathofhi oifehs ine. ATgf fDL M there is'an aohe suhindo cepi

-Talking God -leaves -a. arfi rticar ry .. eepe Takn obth syoeta aac

p~esin bcage t as sngl Gnnet-by the strange and d eli iatelk dra wnn char ;-n hedteY~ca iuLi which acter of Hemry Hig hhawk, t he blond one-

maked d acr rpresent, th oyPol quart er Indian l activtist--who tri est eiv_ inclding he <Sung S3d-whothe inte aajo spiritual- tkdtiow itin r ut-r

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the backdrop of the desert country fromthe perspective of the Dineh (Navajo). Nomatter how foreign the Dineh may seem tothe first-time reader, Hillerman's perspec-tive becomes richly detailed and human bythe time the crime is solved.

This is Hillerman's eighth book involv-ing Lt. Joe Leaphorn, agnostic about the-.Navajo religion,, and Officer Jim.,Chee, ashaman who memorizes the story-songs-chanted at Navajo cerem onies and dribblescolored sand, on the ground to mak~e thesand paintings that illustrate them. Ifyou're already a Hillerm'an fan, you cancelebrate that he has- produced anothergood story so soon after last'lfill's exqui-,.site A Thief of -Time, 'which is a better. starting pomit for the first-timie reader As.

By KATIE SCHWARZ

CAN'T, DECIDE WHERE TO GO forsuammer vacation? Reading any-thing by Tony Hillermanl willlure you to the'-Southwest,, in

particular the Navajo reservation that-stretches -- bigger than New England -over New Mexico. 'and, Arizona.- Hiller-man's novels are shelved with the mysteriesin bookstores,, but they might well go. usn-der Native A~men4can studies. -His- detec-tives, are members df the Navajo' TribalPolice, and their, stories. are, spun. 'against

Mlark MVorris gives witty, sensa dance ionterp retation of Prcel pr

An 'excellent Mfass opens. Bos'ton Early MWusic Festival

Enchanting Ifillermnan detective stories set in richy detailed .Navayo milieu

TUESD.AY, JUNE 27, 1989 The Tech' PAGE 9

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VAL13An opera by Tod Macover.Based on the novel by Philip K. Dick.Starring Patrick Mason, Janice Felty,Terry Edwards,..Mary King,Daryl RunsWck anad Anne Azdmna.-Conducted by Tod Machover.The Cube, June 16 & 17.

Terry Edwards' dark voice, deliberatemovements and a laiger-than-life stagepresence made him thoroughly finisterr asDr. Stone, the psychiatrist.

Yeis uses space effectively - verticallyas well as horizontally - with charactersappearing at different levels. A spaceopens up on the ground floor level to re-veal a mental hospital wing; a story up theLamptons - a rock group come to pro-claim the message of Valis C(Vast ActiveLiving Intelligent System") - hunch PartII of the opera with their show (accompa-nied by a video which wasn't quite goodenough; one of the production's few dis-ap-pointments.) Mary King and Daryl Runs-wick as the Lamptons put on a good act,their brand of rock fitting naturally intothe score as a whole.

Anne Azdma has an angelic voice, so itwas quite appropriate that she be chosento portray the (initially-at-any-rate) sooth-ing Sophia, sent to reassure Phil. She didthe job nicely.

The closing passages of Part II containsome of the opera's strongest music(there's a a passacaglia of monumentalproportionls), and also some of the mostpsychlologically revealing, moments. Philwalks into the pool chanting "I'm notafraid'" The suffocatingly climactic musicand stagig quickly lead us to believeotherwise.

Although the audience adored Vcals,one-critic complained that the opera wascliche-ridden. But new ways are used tocast fresh light on ancient human themes,and a deliciously black humor adds sub-stance and entertainment to what mightotherwise be statements of the obvious.

I liked Naits foar its vitalty, its orgnali-ty, its humor and its humanity. It points toexciting new possibilities for the growthi ofopera into the 21st century.

B By JONATHAN RICHMOND

TOD MACHOVER's alis is simpyterrific. It's a great deal of fun;itWs full of imagination; and, inhuman ternns, it has substance

too. Perhaps most importantly, Valis rep-resents a turning from the self-indulgenttendencies seen-in some computer musiccircles recently to create music of realmerit and to employ it to dramatic edect.

Valis stems from the science fictionbook of that name by Philip K. Dick. In aprogram note Machover says he was at-tracted to the work "since it seemed to un-cannily address so many of my own con-cerns, from the obsessive search forunifying principles of human experience,to the. complex interrelationship betweenindividual mental imagination andexternal objective truth."

Valis takes us on an odyssey- through themind of Horselover Fat and his alter ego,Phil. It begins with'a naked Fat (played byPatrick Mason) pierced by a strange pinklight, which becomes an obsession of his.So, too, does a dream of an idyllic spot inNorthern California, complete with alovely and tender wife he has never seen.

Part I of the opera is dominated bythemes of mental disorder, fragmentationand human pain,. and these werepowerfully conveyed.

"What he didn't know,' says the narra-tor of Fat with a nice touch of the maca-bre, "was that it's sometimes an PProPri-

Jonathan Richmond/The TechMason as Fat/Phil, Daryl Runswick as Eric Lampton, and Anneas Sophia in Tod Machover's Valis at The Cube.Davis in The Rainbow.

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ate response to reality to go insane."Mason was absolutely convincing in hisportrayal of madness; his singing was sol-id, too. His words were phrased compel-lingly to bring out their meaning; the everpsychological music consummated theirdrama, it's percussive nature drivingthrough the irony.

Reffections on loneliness were poignant:

the psyche-within was laid bare and terror

perhaps most effectively consummatedduring the moments of greatest stillness.

Janice Felty's suicidal Gloria cameacross well too. The deadpan scene be-tween Fat and Gloria -as Gloria huntsdown pills with which to finish herself off- was really rather a blast. As we hear,Phil asks Gloria not to MUll herself- as a fa-vor to him, "a lousy .. idea" which onlymakes her feel guilty.

THEATRE 11-l-Written b: Samuel Becettr.Directed,-by Kevin : Cunningham; '84.:,Starring- Wendy Leigh - '9OJoel Gluck-, '86, and Paul Cox.

SUICIDEri INB FLATPWritten by Sam Shepard.D:irected by Kevin Cunningham "84.Starring Nikos Katis, AndrewHernon, Jeff Robinson, SusanVeronica Trachta, Seth Kanor,and Shase D'lyn Wood.At the Lyric Stage, 54 CharlesStreet, Boston, through July 15.Produced by Ulysses Productions Ltd.

-shop-or the Shakespeare Ensemble. Per-haps this is why Ulysses has kicked off its

:summer season.,with two plays about-sui-cide. In Samuel Beckett's -Theatre It alonely barge-worker (Paul Cox) is contem-plating suicide, and two mysterious guests(Joel Gluck '86 and Wendy Leigh '9))search for a reason why he shouldn't. In-Sam Shepard's Suicide in B Flat, a legend-ary jazz player (Seth Kor) is founddead, and the detectives investigating thecase (Nikos Katis, Andrew Hernon) aredrawn into the aura of the occult whichsurrounds his disappearance.

Theatre If opens with Cox's character,the potential suicide, poised and rigid be-fore a 25th-story window. While he stands,two business-suited visitors, Bertrand(Leigh) and Morvan (Gluck), discuss hislife. Morvan-has a briefcase full of testi-mony about the other man's. life and per-

Detectives Pablo (Nikos Katis) and Louis (Andrew Hernon) discusstheir murder case in Suicide in B Flat.

9t X at _ _ _ at sonaliaty neatly filed by subject. Prodded

By SETH GORDON

ULYSSES PRODUCTIONS IS AYOUNG theater company withdeep MIT roots; many of itsmembers are aIunni of Drama-

by Bertrand, he reads from these dossiers,seeking a reason for the man to live.

Theatre IIs cast excels in its interpreta--tion of Beckett's enigmatic work, whichscarcely gives any clue why two business-suited visitors-discuss whether one lonelyman has a reason to live. Lesser actorsmight have copped out by portraying themas social workers, police officers, or disirn-terested philosophers, but Leigh andGluck make their characters vivid whilekeeping their role mysterious. The eventsin the play seem real, but fit neither anobvious plot nor a reilist's 'slice of life."

Beckett's introverted brooding is fol-lowed by Sam Shepard's extroverted rav-ing. Pablo (Katis) and Louis (Hernon)seek clues about Niles Morris, an appar-ently dead jazz musician (Kanor). As Sui-cide in B Flat opens, though, the detectivesare clueless. Louis feels compelled to cathis throat with a butcher knife. Niles ap-,pears on the scene, unnoticed by aLl fol-lowed by a young companions Paullette(Shae D'lyn Wood). Niles dresses up as Pse-cos Bill and Paullette Shoots him with anarrow. From there, the story gets weird.

At a few points, the players lose md-mentum, and their speees - degenerateinto mere bombast. At its best moments,though, watching Suicide in B .Paft is likereading -Zipy. the ':Pnhed .while on LSD.,i'didn't~ tuder-stafi it-, but Te:jiidt. -

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eke out a living, and sacrifice personalfreedom for the common good. Like otherLawrence heroines,. Ursula - who rejectsthe family values in the last third of thenovel - is ambitious and sexually preco-cious, questions everything, and yearns tobe different. As -might be expected, Rus-sell's fim version eschews the dull peasantlives of the earlier generations to tell thestory of Ursula, played by Sammi Davis.

(Russell echoes Lawrence's own empha-sis upon the youngest generation. Ursulaand her sister Gudrun appear in anotherbook - and. the 1969 Russell film -Women in Love.)

THE RAINBOWProduced and directed by Ken Russell.Screenplay by Ken and Vivian Russell.Adapted from the. novelby D. H. Lawrence.Starring Sammi Davis, Paul McGann, andAmanda Donohoe.Now playing at- the Nicakelodeon Theater.

The problem with the film is that itshortchanges the qualities that gave Law-rence's novel its notoriety. Ursula wasdubbed the "first modern woman in litera-ture" and "the first 20th century free spir-it." True, Russell's version of Ursula isportrayed as agfree spirit, even before theopening credits. But in this day and age,her attitudes simply don't evoke the kindsof reactions that they once did. Conse-quently, the story loses a great deal of itspotential impact.

It is-true that some viewers will un-doubtedly identify with Ursula, and othersmay be truly shocked by her open sexual-ity. (She first has an affair with her femaleathletics teacher, and then she falls for ahandsome young -soldier fighting in theBoer War.) However, one can't help but be-cynical, because Russell is still up to hisusual tricks. In one scene, Ursula walksthrough a beautiful, green meadow asdreamy wisps of mist float all around.Suddenly, the scene turns into a nightmareas a bunch of horses come out of nowhereand chase'a thoroughly frightened Ursulato the outlying fene. It's all nonsense, bultwhereas Tommy (1975), and -Lawr of theWhite WMorm (1988)' were' good,, fun non-sense, The Rainbow is not all that muchfun to watch, and it doesn't ignite nearlj-as many sparks as his other films. -

By MANAVENDRA K. THAKUR

^ I;TER MORE THAN two decadesof overblown, outrageous,twisted filmmaking, one mightexpect that Russefl would be

ready to settle down a little. Or at least inhis latest film, The Rainbow, he seems tobe going for-something that might vaguelypass for subtlety. Unfortunately, the dia-bolical Russell of- old still pokes his headthrough in unpredictable ways. As a. re-sult, the film is not wild enough to matchthe playful excess of Russell's more typical'fare, and the film is not subtle enough-tosucceed as a nuanced work of art. Thefil is a bastardized muddleistead, withan impact comparable to that of a wetmop.

Russell bases his film on the D. H. Law-rence novel, which. tells the story. of a Mid-

lands England farming family at the turnof the century. The novel follows four gen--eraticns of the family as they till the land,

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It was a big MIT affair for the marriage of David Kazdan and Laura Gooch at Thistle Hill, FortWorth, Texas, on Sunday May 28,1989.

Pictured above is the MIT contingent. Back row: Suk Lee '82 and Emi Lee '84 (married 1987) andKen Segel '83. Middle row: Robert S. Gooch '51, Bill Gooch '78, Tom Gooch 77, Jonathan Richmond'G and Matthew Stern '82. Front row: Professor Karen Gleason '82, Karen Fortal '82, David Kazdan '81and Laura Gooch '82.

Standing in front of Robert Gooch is David's nephew Brent Lazcar '00, who made an unautho-rized appearance: he's clearly at the start of a promising career in hacking. This photo by PhilipKazdan. Other photos by Jonathan Richmond.

Above right is the string quoaret, which played "Arise All Ye of MIT" after the ceremony.

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LOOKS AND SMILESDirected by Kenneth Loach.B/W cinematography by Chris Menges.Starring Graham Green, CarolynNicholson, and Tony Pitts.Plays tomorrow at 8:10 pmat the Museum of Fine Arts.

By MANAVENDRA K. THAKUR

ERHAPS THE MOST DUBIOUS legacyof Margaret Thatcher's 10,yearrule has been the extreme polar-

JIL- ization that has marked almostevery level of British society and politics.Thatcher's heavyr-handed attitude towardsorganized labor has stirred considerableresentment, and her attempts to privatizegovernment services and roll back the Brit-ish welfare state have been bitterly op-posed. But the arts world has not ignoredthe issue: British cinema in particular haswitnessed the rise of a whole new wave offilmmaking. As nuight be expected, manyof their films have responded to Thatcher-ism with angry criticism and savage satire.

Looks and Smiles, however, is one filmthat takes the opposite track. It is a 1981film by Kenneth Loach, . a director withimpeccable leftist -credentials, and it pre-sents a straightforward, linear story aboutthe lives of three white working classyouths in the industrial city of Sheffield,England. Leach and screenwriter BarryHines eschew invective or.' I'lemic and re-fuse to engage ihtany initrospection or so-cial commentary., indeed;. 60et- for onecharacter's brief outburst against the

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bands, weddings, and motherhood toArmstrong's camera. AU three said theywanted to wait until age 18 to get married.

-Four years later, in the 47-minute-long14's Good, 18's Better, Armstrong inter-viewed the same three girls again. Arm-strong found that Diana was both marriedand pregnant and her husband was beingconvicted of an assault charge. Kerry hadbroken off an engagement at age 17 andfirmly believed in. the importance of a ca-reer. Josie had become pregnantoat age 15.

In 1988, Armstrong once again decidedto interview the three women, who werethen 26 years old. Bingo, Bridesmaids &Braces includes footage filmed for the pre-vious two films as well as new footage, soArmstrong's latest film is a full-length fea-ture documentary. The unfortunate realityis, however, that the film. is muddled.

For example, the film often jumps re-peatedly and rapidly from one time frameto another without warning. At othertimes, the women offer articulate and fas-cinating insights into their lives, but theydo so in vroice-overs while the images on1the screen typicafIy show them washingdishes or sending the kids off to school.The exceedingly uninformative images of-ten have little or -nothing to. do with the

Nevertheless, the concilusion about Bin-go, lBridesmaids & Braces is inescapable:the finished product has a certain Intrinsicvalue,- but that value is unnecessarily di-minished and undermined by the film'shaphazard construction.z

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army's role in Ireland,- the film does notmention politics at all.

Instead, Leach and Hines draw on thepower of direct observation and simplenarrative to tap into the "collective uncon-scious" of the British working class (toborrow a phrase from Vincent Canby).The film tells its story without lookingforward or backwards, and Chris Menges'black and white cinematography capturesthe quiet desperation of modern Britishworking class life in crisp detail withoutengaging in any overt manipulation. The sequalities impart the film's images andcharacters with anl unmistakable sense ofauthenticity, and that authenticity isbrought home and crystallized by the ex-traordinarily- honest performances fromthe three lead actors.

The film that emerges is a moving, un-sentimental portrait of white working -classyouths as they live with and deal with thegrim realities facing them. Loach's andHine's refusal to point an accusing fingerat any one government or person enablesthem to concentrate -entirely on the charac-ters and their fives. That strong focus iswhy the film can humanize its charactersso effectively.

By the time that Looks and Smiles endson a pregnant freeze frame, one can't helpbut reflect on how the film's title -ini-tially so bright and attractive - nowseems bittersweet and ironic. In truth, thattransformation of perspective is a mutedmetaphor 'for the severe disillusionmentfacing British leftists and idealists in the

face of Thatcher's resounding popularity.By -enabling viewers to experience forthemselves a piece of that disillusionmentand by giving potent expression to con-temporary social realities, the film tran-sends its limitations and redeems bothitself and those it so unflinchinglyobserves.

BINGO, BRIDESMAIDS & BRACESCo-produced and directed byGillian Armstrong.With Diena, Josie, and Kerry.Plays Thursday and Friday at 6:30 pmat the Museum of Fine Arts.

HE BASIC IDEA IS SO SIMPLE thatone can't help but wonder whydocumentary filmmakers don't

vpursue it more often: make afilm that interviews interesting people at ayoung age and then follow along at regu-lar intervals as the kids grow -up and be-come adults. The contradictions, affirma-tions, and vicissitudes of life are justsitting there, waiting for someone to cap-ture them in all their complexity. That'swhat Gillian Armstrong has tried to do inBingo, Bridesmaids & Braces, a film thattraces the lives of three young workingclass Australian women. Unfortunately,the film's editing is too scattershot to Te-veal any universal value in the changes-andgrowth of these three women.

In 1976, Armstrong made her directorialdebut with a 25-mihute short film calledSmokes and Lollies. In it, the three wom-en, who were all 14 years old at the time,.Levaedteromani rasaoth

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The Microcomputer Center sells, services and supports IBM Peronal System/2and the Macintosh family of personal computers. From the IBM Model 30 286 (the PC ATcompatible computer with P5/2 power), to the Macintosh l1cx (offerngall the power of theMacintosh IN but at half the desk size).

And not just computers... You'll find a complete range of computer supplies andsoftware at very competitive pricing. How about Microsoft Word for $90 - or WordPerfectfor just $99.

We have what mail order can't offer: Inumediate delivery on in stockmerchandise, a complete service department, and a staff of consultants who *ill elp yubfdrei'during and after the sale. Visit the Micro''complater Center showroom kint m thelowse level of the Stratton Student Center.

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Fl- eroconqputer- Center. ~~~~~~~.1

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Don't fear your mortality, because itis this very mortality that gives meaningand depth and poignancy to all thedays that will be granted to you.

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sachusetts and Utah tells youhow far we have come. I thinkwe're ready for that change, butthe harder part is taking on ourfriends, taking on our tradingcompetitors.

We in America have lost ouredge. We are zigging when weshould be zagging. When we

Ladies and gentlemen, the Cold Warbetween the United States and theSoviet Union is over. - I ; - t" "_- I luc---- m -~~-~e~p Ib-PBp~In I

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felt and unrecognized battle forour future standard of living.

Are we fighting? Yes, we are.That's the good news. The badnews is that we are fighting thewrong war. We still pour our re-sources into the Cold War. Theenemy is still the Russian bear.Ladies and gentlemen, the Cold

(The following is a transcriptof the speech by Paul Isongas,chAirman of the state Board ofHigher Education and a formerDemocratic senator from Massa-chuasetts, to the graduates andguests at Commencement onMonday, June 5.)

Before I begin, I thrik weshould pause to remember theslain students in China. The au-thorities in China know full wellthat history will record their bru-tality. They have prepared forthat legacy. What they are notprepared for is that history willalso record their futility.

thought in this country.At this point I would like to

give you a moment to applaudyour families who have supportedyou. all these years. They are hereat your commencement to sharethis moment. Your years at MIThave gladdened their hearts,deepened their pride anddestroyed their pocketbooks.

I have two thoughts that Iwould like to leave with you to-day, and perhaps I could illus-trate each with a story. It was amyth that's often perpetuated atcommencement that holds that.only hope and promise lie beyond

merely part of our 'earthly voy-age. What is intriguing is thatlooking at you, no one can saywho will do what or who will bewhat. When I graduated fromcollege, if the speaker had an-nounced that one of us sittingthere would be elected to theUnited States Senate at the age of37, and come down with cancer-at the age of 42, I would havebeen absolutely and totally cer-tain that neither event wouldhappen to me. And yet, both did.

And at your reunions, similartales of unlikelihood will be told.Yet is the very unlikelihood thatcries out for stabilizing forces.For handles to grab on to. Well,they exist as well. The same olddull bromides you've heard aboutforever. Hard work. Family.Community. Love of others.Love of God's earth. Love of mo-ments that are rare and wonder-full. I will not preach these valuesto you, but they are there. Justdon't be surprised when eventual-ly you feel the same way. Someday your life will end. Don't fearyour mortality, because it is thisvery mortality that gives meaningand depth and poignancy to allthe days that will be granted toyou.

My second message is less per-sonal and more collective. Noone is immune -from the largerevents of his or her time - theDepression, World War II, civilrights, Vietnam, the spring of1989 in China. These events in-trude upon our lives and radical-ly affect our directions.

In my time it was the Kennedy-call to public service in the ThirdWorld. Had there been no PeaceCorps, my lif would have beenradically different. Recent timessuggest the onslaught of AIDS.The ignoble effects of the IslamicRevolution. And the financialrisk of mega-banks and debtornations locked into a true fatalattraction. But I believe the don-inant factor in your lives on acollective scale will be economic.

My father's generation gave tomy generation a land of wealthand purpose and world economicdominance. My generation hasenjoyed this wonderful power: in-fluence abroad, comfort athome. Ah, the sweet pursuit ofpleasure. A BMW in every ga-rage, a weekend snort of cocaineby the pool. America's best andbrightest flocking to Wall Streetto follow the gods of IvanBoesky and Michael Milken.Money. Untold wealth. Stagger-ing wealth. Five hundred milliondollars in one year. And best ofall there is none of the grubbiness

War between the United Statesand the Soviet Union is over. Notbecause of anyone there or herebeing kinder or gentler, becauseof economic reality. These twoaging boxers, with flabby mid-riffs, are losing their economicmuscle.

Quite simply, they can't affordthe Cold War. Harsh economicreality created Mikhail Gorba-chev. Not an accident of history.I'm not calling for an abdicationof our defense responsibilities.They remain. I am calling forrecognition of the brave newworld that exists. It is time todeal with the other war. The -warwith our friends. The war withJapan and Germany and Taiwanand Switzerland and Korea andFrance [whol sell to us and thentake away our patrimony inreturn.

Can we turn our attentionaway from the Kremlin and faceour new adversaries? I think so. Iwant to believe that'America isready for it. Let me illustrate.This story that I'm going to tellyou is a true story.

When Mikhail Gorbachev andRonald Reagan were negotiatingthe IMF treaty, they came to apoint of deadlock. And the Presi-dent got up and turned to Mr.Gorbachev with all the othersthere and he said, "I'm going-totell a story about Chairman Gor-bachev." He said, "As part ofperestroika Mlr. Gorbachev]called in the state police and said,'we lose too many people in high-way fatalities in this country. Itell you there should be no morespeeding. If anyone speeds fromhere on in this country, theyshould be arrested. Do you un-derstand?' They said, 'yes, wedo:' He said, 'if you- don't arrestthem, it's your careen' So 'theedict went forth.

"Couple of weeks later he wasat his retreat and overslept on aMonday morning. He remem-bered he had to be at the Kremlin

should be producing, we are con-suming. We are borrowing, notsaving. We have horizons mea-sured in quarterly reports, notten year plans. We produce witha casualness when the market de-mands precision. "Whistle whileyou work" has given way to"take this job and shove, it."

The war that we talk about isnot one of tanks or planes. It is awar of discipline, of purpose, ofwill, of determination, of hardwork, of sacrifice, of attitude,and above all, of education. Atthe core it is essentially a war ofculture. We have endured our tra-dition of anti-intellectualism longenough. Let us be done with it.Let us celebrate in intellect. Ietus honor learning. Let us payhomage to the keen mind. Let usvalue those who think. We needto see, and to see clearly, whatour nation's worries are in the1990s and beyond. There is noneed for Rambo or Conan theBarbarian or Dirty Harry. Theyare useless in this war. They areuseless.

Our only weapons in this warof your lifetime are the weaponsof the mind. In this country weconsider those weapons to be cu-rinus at best. Unless we changethis part of our culture,-we 'willendure a steady decline in theAmerican standard of living in anation more and more owned byforeign interests. You deservebetter. We have not served youwell. We have squandered a goodpart of our collective patrnmony.Perhaps here, more than almostany campus in America, theproducts of MIT, will be calledupon to restore that patrimony.You must become leaders in thiscultural realignment.

Let me close with a story.There was a fellow from Massa-chusetts who went to the Gra'ndCanyon. We don't have anythinglike that in Massachusetts exceptduring the pothole season. Andhe was looking out at the abyssand 5,000 feet straight down, andwas so awed by it that he tripped.And over he went. Fortunatelythere was a tree growing about 30feet below the rim, and hegrabbed it and he was hangingthere and hanging there. And f-nally, in desperation, cried out,"is there, anybody up there?" Fi-nally, after much silence, a voicesaid, "Ia am here, I am the Lord."The man said, "Well, thank Godyou're there, God could you helpme?" The Lord said, "well, Iwould be, incl ined to help you ifyou -have faith in me. Do youhave faith in me?" The fellowsaid, "well, of course I have faithin you, but can you hurry up,God, my fingers are slipping."God said, "all right. Irwill helpyou. To demonstrate your faith,let go." The man thought for amoment, and cried out, "is thereanybody else up there?"

In this new war, in a very realsense, you are what's up there.You are part of that.horrid ex-pression, the best and ttiebright-est. It can be a terrible burden ifyou let it be, but it is thetgreatchallenge of your ftime. And be-ing a warrior in that challengeshould be wondrous. I- wish yuGodspeed for ydu'r sa ke, for- mys*;e, and- for my ciildreh~s --sake.ThaffK 'you .

Michael FranklinlThe TechPaul Tsongas addresses the graduating Class of 1989.

In this era of the global village,the tide of democracy is running.And it will not cease, not in Chi-na, not in South Africa, not inany corner of this earth, wherethe simple idea of democracy and'freedom has taken root. To thestudents in China, our counter-parts, our brothers, our sisters, Isay that we are with you, and wepray for your deliverance.

I would like to express my ap-preciation for your kind invita-tions to speak to you today. But Imust say I accepted it with somehesitation. Thirty-one years ago Igraduated from high school. Idon't remember who spoke to meexactly then. Twenty-seven yearsago I graduated from college. Idon't remember who spoke to methen either. And twenty-two yearsago I graduated from law school.Since that was the sixties, I didn'tgo to my graduation, so by defi-nition I have no idea who spoketo me there either. I fear that I'mgoing to be the great trivia ques-tion at your reunion.

Before I begin, I would askyou to indulge me in three ac-knowledgments, First, I'd like toacknowledge my uncle, AlexTsongas, and my Aunt Bertha.Alex is a graduate of the Class of1928. My famly is the classicAmerican story of the role ofeducation. My grandfather cameover here in 1910. The good newsis that he took his six children.He sent my father to Harvard ,my two uncles to MIT, and mythree aunts to Simmons. That'sthe good news. The bad news isthat most of them became Re-publicans. But not Alex. I'd alsolike to acknowledge the fine workdone by Dr. David Saxon in rais-ing for the first time the standardof excellence in public highereducation in Massachusetts. Aindfinally I'd like to acknowledgethe work of Dr. Paul Gray andthe fact that MIT completed a re-cent study on competitiveness,which- is just the latest exampleof MIT's' contribution to vital

the halls of academe. Don't wor-ry, be happy.- Everything is fine.

That advice reminds me of thestory of a farmer. He's in anautomobile accident and he suesthe other side for damages.When he came to trial, the attor-ney for the other side put thefarmer on the stand and said, "Atthe time of the accident you saidto the state trooper 'I feel fine'.Did you say that?' The farmersaid, "Yes, I did." "Well," the at-torney said, 'then how can youpossibly sue for damages?"'Well," the farmer said, "look, Iwas driving down the road in mypickup. I had the cow in the backof my truck. Your clignt cameacross the center span, hit mebroadside, and both I and mycow went flying to the side of theroad, very badly hurt. The statetrooper arrived on the scene,went up to my cow, and said thiscow's in terrible shape. Took outthe revolver, bang! Right betweenthe eyes. He said to me, How doyou feel?"

Everything out there is notfine. A commencement is a time'of joy. It is also a time of melanl-choly. But then again, so is life.When I look back at my graduat-ing class, I remember coequalfaces, with co-equal hopes. Andco-equal futures. The co-equalitysoon ended. And life took over.Life with its oddities, its sur-prises, its uneven effect, its -dare I say it - its law ofaverages. .

The fact is that your class, asmine, will experience the samevagaries. Some of you will livelong lives, some of you, sadly,will die young. Some of you willachieve great personal success.Some of you will never live up toyour promise. Some of you willknow inner peace. Some of youwill be plagued by inner turmoil.Some of you will truly give ofyourselves to those around you,and some of you will beconsumed with self.

The fact of this unevenness is

of having to manufacture things,or to drill wells, or to laysdownpipes, or to install train tracks.

This new wealth comes fromsitting in an office. A wonderful-ly nice office. And playing withnumbers. The magic words arearbitrage, hostile takeover, lever-aged buyout, sale of assets. Youwould have to be truly stupid tothink of inventing something ordesigning something or creatingsomething. ItWs all in the num-bers, man. It's all in'the num-bers. Forty years 'of increasedconsumption. Falling savingsrate. Lagging productivity statis-tics. High cost of capital.

But most of all, numbers-.numbers written in red. Debt;Real debt. Crushing debt. In the1980s we have gone- from beingthe world's largest creditor, nationto the worst debtor nation theworld has, ever known. And all ofthis debt we give to you, our be-loved children. America'is on theverge of economic decline. We,are now in an undeclared and un-

early. So he and his chauffeurran out of the house, and as theywere about to get into the hugelimousine, he remembered hisedict. He said, 'move over, I'lldrive.' So, out they went out thedriveway 7 down the highway, 95miles an hour. And, sure enough,got pulled over by the police. Inthe police car there was a veterancop and a rookie cop. The veter-an cop looked to the side of thelimousine and said to the rookie,

'you go arrest whoever's in thatcar.' The rookie went over, had along conversation, .finally cameback. The veteran said, 'did youarrest him?' The -rookie said,

'no, I did not.' The veteran -said,'well, who was he?' The rookie

said, 'I don't know, butGorbachev was his driver.' "

I The relevance of that story, ifthere is atny, is that the story.isthe most-told piece of politicalhumor by United States senatorsin America today. A-nd that a sto-

ry, that is essentially, pro-- Gorbachev, could be-toldni hias-~

-- _PlB Pi\AGE 12 The Tech TUESDAY-JUNE 27. 1989

Com nencenqent address of Paul Tsongas