master innovation & development plan title: technology ... · each function within the urban...

ABSTRACT

A review of Digital Components that Support Multiple Use Cases including:- Neighbourhood-Scale Software-Defined Network- Super Passive Optical Network- Koala: Standard Outdoor Mounts with Power & Connectivity- Open Data in Standard Formats via Standard Interfaces

Most relevant sections: Vol 2 (Digital Innovation)

TITLE: 2019.01.17 DSAP Technology Update

AUTHOR: Craig Nevill-Manning and Prem Ramaswami

Master Innovation & Development PlanTechnical Appendix

© 2019 Sidewalk Labs. The content, documents and materials contained herein are considered Sidewalk Proprietary Information.

DSAPJ A N U A R Y 1 7, 2 0 1 9

Technology Update

Recap of December 13th Presentation

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2

3

1

4

Review data use case that we have field tested

Discuss future data use cases possible in Quayside

(Illustrative examples for discussion)

REDUCE congestion and create safe streets

REDUCE energy use in homes and offices

CREATE vibrant, well-managed public space for communities

Collect & Manage Water More Effectively

DSAP

Today: Digital Components that Support Multiple Use Cases

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01 Neighbourhood-Scale Software-Defined Network● Personal private networks● Higher security● Better management

HARDWARE

NETWORKING

SOFTWARE(for next time)

DSAP | January 2019

02 Super Passive Optical Network● Higher-capacity, more efficient fiber use● Easier upgradability

03 Koala™: Standard Outdoor Mounts with Power & Connectivity● Reduce time, cost and disruption of deployment● Increase rate of innovation

04 Open Data in Standard Formats via Standard Interfaces● Enable innovation● Significantly reduce vendor lock-in

Where We Are Today

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We are early in our overall product development cycle. This work reflects the most current perspective from our team. We will continue to refine as we learn from customers and initiate pilots.

Throughout our development process, we will be committed to the responsible use of data, such as privacy by design principles, even as we consult on a broader data governance policy for Quayside, such as our proposal for an independent Civic Data Trust.

The ideas we are describing will use published standards. We will be engaging partners with whom we hope to develop and deploy these ideas and ecosystems.

2018 / 2019 / 2020 / 2021 / 2022 / 2023...

Responsible Use of Data

We Will Use Published Standards

DSAP | January 2019

DRAFT PROPOSALS

Measurements & Other Data

Connectivity

Physical Mounts

Data Sharing Portals

Applications

Standardized Mounts & Power

Ubiquitous Wi-Fi

High-Resolution Map

Traffic Volume Sensors

Open Data Hub

Energy Optimization

Third Parties

Sidewalk Labs

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

On Oct 16, we presented this slide...Urban Digital Architecture Sketch

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Hybrid 3rd Party / SWL

DSAP | Recap: October 16th 2018

Each function within the urban technology stack will be served by Sidewalk Labs and also by others. Interchangeability requires standardized interfaces and formats.

DRAFT PROPOSALS


Connectivity

Physical Mounts


Applications


UbiquitousWi-Fi


Open Data Hub

Energy Optimization

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

Since then, it has become clearer that some components that we thought we might have to build ourselves will likely be able to be provided by third parties.

High-ResolutionMap

Urban Digital Architecture Sketch

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Third Parties

Sidewalk Labs


DSAP | January 2019


DRAFT PROPOSALS


Connectivity

Physical Mounts


Applications


Ubiquitous Wi-Fi


Open Data Hub

Mobility Management

Energy Optimization

Stormwater Management

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

On December 13th, we presented some specific use cases focused on quality-of-life goals.

High-Resolution Map


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Third Parties

Sidewalk Labs


DSAP | Recap: December 13th 2018


DRAFT PROPOSALS


Connectivity

Physical Mounts



UbiquitousWi-Fi


Open DataHub

MobilityManagement

Energy Optimization


STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

Today, we will discuss:

High-ResolutionMap

Applications



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Third Parties

Sidewalk Labs


DSAP | Today

DRAFT PROPOSALS


Connectivity

Physical Mounts



Ubiquitous Wi-Fi


Open Data Hub

Mobility Management


STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

STANDARDS

… and for our next panel presentation

High-Resolution Map

Applications Energy Optimization


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Third Parties

Sidewalk Labs


DSAP | Next Panel Presentation


Brief Aside: Ownership

The first two sections address fiber infrastructure and network topology.

We plan to work with existing providers to introduce these newtechnologies and build on the workdone to date by Waterfront Toronto.

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As with all digital infrastructure, residents and businesses would not be required to use these solutions.

DSAP

Fiber RouterDeploying fiber, connections inside buildings, provisioning residential or business internet connections, and dealing with home routers is very expensive, and often insecure.

The technologies proposed hope to alleviate some of these problems.

Home Routers Security Risks

Fiber networks are difficult and expensive to upgrade as technology improves, and often aren’t used efficiently.

Maintaining, updating, and debugging home networking equipment is technically challenging, and often falls to consumers

Home routers with default passwords and misconfigured firewalls create vulnerabilities.

Challenges for Neighbourhood-Wide Connectivity

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DSAP

01Neighbourhood-Scale Software-Defined Network

Today

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03Koala™Standard Outdoor Mounts with Power & Connectivity

02Super Passive Optical Network

01 | Neighbourhood-Scale Software-Defined Network

WhatWhy How

Neighbourhood-Scale Software-Defined Network

● ISPs provide firewalls, which provide imperfect security, while making it very difficult for subscribers to access devices in their homes and office when they’re not there.

● Subscribers are currently required to manage their own Wi-Fi equipment, which is technically challenging, results in vulnerabilities, and often results in interference between apartments.

● Internet of Things devices are hard to deploy, and are often insecure.

● Software-Defined Networks allow much more sophisticated, customized routing – for example, a private network for each subscriber including their home, school and office, regardless of their location.

● Will integrate with and support emerging 5G networks, as well as managed Wi-Fi access points to create seamless access with minimal interference.

● Internet of Things devices can be quarantined if they start exhibiting unusual behavior – trying to communicate with unknown internet endpoints, transmitting significantly more data than expected.

● Managed Wi-Fi significantly improves performance without requiring subscribers to be part-time network engineers.

○ Optimizing Wi-Fi systems with the layout of the city and buildings in mind can be done efficiently at scale.

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Dynamically managed and modified SDN configuration to simulate what it would be like to take a laptop, tablet or phone to a public park and still be directly connected to systems inside your apartment.

Proof of concept network created at Sidewalk Labs

● Used 12 Raspberry Pis, 4 network switches, and wireless access Points.

● Each Raspberry Pi represents an apartment.

In-house SDN rack with 12 R-Pis for experimentation

Small-Scale Evaluation Software-Defined Networks

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Today

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02 | Super Passive Optical Network

WhatWhy How

Super Passive Optical Network (Super-PON)

● Fiber infrastructure often carries a small number of wavelengths, leading to underutilization of physical infrastructure

● Upgrading the network requires new equipment at multiple points throughout the physical network increasing costs and making upgrades difficult.

● Many more wavelengths sharing a fiber, one wavelength per building

● Passive optical splitters at intermediate points

● Each building detects its wavelength only

○ Upgrades only require new equipment at endpoints, not at intermediate points in the network

● New Super-PON approach, currently under consideration by IEEE 802.3 standards committee

● We plan to work with existing, local companies with experience in fiber deployment and service delivery.

○ We would provide specifications and technical expertise in this new approach

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Each building gets a different wavelength of light. Allows for:

● Reduced cost through reduced infrastructure

○ Less fiber required

○ Fewer network point of presence buildings

○ Less active equipment at intermediate points

○ Reduced power: light is generated at the head end and passive all the way to the receiving end

● Higher bandwidth, despite reduced fiber requirements

Page 12 of 54

Super-PON

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Sidewalk Labs proposes that buildings conform to specifications that balance the goals of this Super-PON network with the ability for other providers to offer their own network services:

Buildings — Proposing New Specifications for This Tech

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Points of Entry

Multiple point-of-entry locations

Conduits

Incoming conduits meet a set of specifications (e.g. buried depth, distance from water and sewer lines, coating materials, etc)

Meet-Me Room

A single location in the building where all telco-related equipment is installed with backup power and spare capacity.

Typical in commercial buildings, but less common in residential.

Risers

A vertical riser, dedicated to telecommunications wiring, accessible on each floor and designed for increased capacity

Cabling

Cat 6A wiring (or better) to every room for Power Over Ethernet wireless access points.


Today

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03 | Koala™

What

To be clear, the Koala™ is simplya mount and connector, not a device that collects urban data.

Why How

Koala™: Standard Outdoor Mounts w/ Power & Connectivity

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● Mounting, maintaining, & upgrading signals and sensors is expensive, disruptive and time consuming

○ Avg cost per intersection for Adaptive Signal Control: $20k-30k

● This leads to slow adoption cycles for new technology

● Example devices:

○ Lights

○ Wi-Fi access points

○ 5G cell base stations

○ Temperature, wind speed, humidity, rainfall sensors

○ Lidar, radar, other sensors collecting non-personal data

● Flexible, standardized infrastructure that can host many types of street digital infrastructure

● Similar in spirit to USB, but suitable for the demands of the public realm on street poles

● Current prototype (subject to change):

○ Hermetically sealed package

○ 200 Watts

○ 6 gigabits per second of data through short-range wireless or wired connection,

○ Mechanical mount that is installable and removable by ground-based operators with special poles (and in the future, possibly by drone)

03 | Koala™

Current Approach

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03 | Koala™

Current Approach

022Sidewalk Proprietary and Confidential 22

03 | Koala™

023Sidewalk Proprietary and Confidential

City of the Future?

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03 | Koala™

Koala™ – General Requirements

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01

Mechanical Security & Ease of Installation / Removal

Infrastructure should be easy to install and maintain: able to be mounted or swapped out within minutes by human operators without large equipment or street closures.

It should also be robust to wind, dust, precipitation, temperature variations and other challenges of the urban environment.

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Power

Client devices inevitably need power. Some devices, like displays and lighting, may require more than 100 watts of wired power.

Other devices, like air quality sensors, could possibly be powered through solar panels.

03

Connectivity

Most client devices will need to send and receive data. In locations like Quayside with high-quality, reliable wireless connectivity, most devices might not need hard-wired data connections.

If this system used for 5G antennas, a wired connection will be required.

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03 | Koala™

What Else Does Koala™ Provide?

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01

Security

Physical device authentication and data encryption

02

Civic Data Trust Control

Ability for Civic Data Trust to turn off network or power for devices out of compliance with Civic Data Trust requirements.

03

Ecosystem Development

Standardization and reduction of cost and disruption creates the conditions for a thriving ecosystem of urban technology creators, such as startups, researchers, or established companies.

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03 | Koala™

Koala™ will be a standard, similar to USB

Using Koala™ Will Not Be a Requirement

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Devices will not be required to use Koala™, but we hope that the cost reduction andease of use make theman attractive option

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Device adoption will determine the standard’s success

03 | Koala™

Considering device deployment and ubiquitous connectivity at a neighbourhood scale suggests that it should be possible to:

● Make it easier and cheaper to deploy, maintain and upgrade devices that are required to meet quality of life goals.

● Create a higher-performance optical network with lower cost and greater upgradeability.

● Reduce the burden of wired and wireless network management for end users, and largely eliminate interference between adjacent spaces.

● Provide a seamless network across the neighbourhood with secure private networks for each person.

● Work with existing providers to introduce these new technologies and build on the work done to date by Waterfront Toronto.

In Summary

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As with all digital infrastructure, residents and businesses would not be required to use these solutions.

APPENDIXSlides we ran out of time to discuss on December 13th

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A storm in July 2013 flooded Toronto, and resulted in ~$850M in damages.

Standard monitoring practices are manual and make predictive understanding of the systems difficult.

Cities invest in large stormwater infrastructure to account for extreme events, resulting in sizable costs and taking up public space.

Stormwater overflows contaminate the Don River basin.

Water Management Challenges in TorontoAppendix - DSAP - December 13th 2018 | Collect & Manage Water More Effectively

For illustrative purposes

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For example, Opti will proactively decrease stored water levels prior to a large weather event, to avoid a flooding.

Stormwater Systems

Provides hardware and cloud-based software to connect, manage, and operate district stormwater systems.

Enables cities and private customers to improve outcomes for water quality & flooding, and reduce costs & environmental damage from stormwater flows.

OptiRTC, a stormwater company, is partnering with Ryerson University Urban Water Institute on a multi- location pilot, including Waterfront Toronto.

OptiRTC manages stormwater infrastructure (e.g., green roofs, cisterns, etc.) to improve water quality and eliminate flooding.

Real-time dashboards monitor systems, and alert managers to upcoming events.

Pre-Event Drawdown

Primary Event Inflow

Storage Created

Making Better Water Quality Possible


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Appendix - DSAP - December 13th 2018 | Collect & Manage Water More Effectively

To determine whether greenery and plantings can reduce stormwater flows and the need for secondary treatment, sensors will measure the flow of water to equalization tanks.

To treat stormwater at the site for local uses (e.g., irrigation), sensors on green roofs will detect water quality and connect to other sensors monitoring nearby site irrigation needs.

To reduce the amount of hard infrastructure and effectively avoid flooding, sensors in below-street stormwater channels (and across the site) will empty stormwater tanks or cisterns in advance of storms.

How It Works for Streets, Parks, & Buildings For illustrative purposes


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The following slides will discuss data collected by a storm water management system to help prevent flooding.

All the data collected for stormwater management is non-personal information (e.g., information on water levels, weather, etc). Because data is being collected, Opti will adhere to the following privacy by design principles and an RDIA process:

● Opti will publish an RDIA for any data collection for water management.

● As the data is non-personal, this could be a case of self-certification as envisioned in Opti’s proposal for a Civic Data Trust.

● Opti will make data collected in the public realm (non-personal / de-identified) publicly accessible.

Some of these principles may be affected by or incorporated into data governance policies for Quayside, such as Sidewalk’s recommendation for an independent Civic Data Trust, which are the subject of ongoing consultations.

Responsible Data Impact Assessment for Water Management


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Weather data and rain gauge

Flow meter &Active valve control

Flow of Data from Water Sources


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Water Level Sensor

Soil moistureFlow meter &

Active valve controlFlow meter,

Quality Sensor &Active valve control



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Water Level Sensor

Soil moisture

Measurements


Flow meter,Quality Sensor &

Active valve control

Stormwater quantity

(level and flow) and quality.

Soil moisture



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Water Level Sensor

Soil moisture

Measurements




Stormwater quantity


Soil moisture

Publicly accessible

weather data and storm

control data

Optimizer

ValveActuation



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Water Level Sensor

Soil moisture

Measurements




Stormwater quantity


Soil moisture

Publicly accessible

weather data and storm

control data

A

P

I3rd PARTY

APPS

Optimizer

ValveActuation



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