master llce anglais perspectives cars in the us us civilisation “driving society” charles c....
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Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net
50s & 60sEnd WW2 to end VN war
• 1950s ≈ Eisenhower era
• Conservatism & conformism
• GI bill (1944)
• Cold war - Fears for Freedom (McCarthy)
• Protest / non-conformism
• Civil rights movement (Brown vs Board)
• Beatniks
• Economic boom
• Lit & the Arts
• Beatniks (e.g., Kerouac)
• R n R
• Chuck Berry
• Elvis Presley
• TV / Hwd
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net1950s
• Highway development: "Eisenhower interstates"
• Political choices
• Coalitions ("strange bed-fellows")
• NYC: Robert Moses
• e.g., Cross-Bronx Parkway
• Suburban growth
NYCNYC
BronxBronx
HarleHarlemm
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.netInterstate highways
Interchange I-5 (LA)Interstate in Houston TX
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Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.netThe Big Three
1. General Motors (Alfred Sloan ... Roger Smith, Rick Waggoner, etc. . )
• Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac
• (watch this space☺)
• "planned obsolescence"
2. Ford (Henry Ford - Edsel Ford)
• Ford, Mercury, Lincoln
3. Chrysler (Walter Chrysler)
• Dodge, Plymouth, Chrysler
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net
1949 Cadillac
Evolution in Design
• Chrysler AirFlow (from 1934)
• Harley Earl - Tailfins
• Chrysler
1959 Cadillac
1955 Cadillac
Sophia Loren & Jayne
Mansfield 1955
Chrysler AirFlowChrysler AirFlow
Chevrolet 1957
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net
Expanding product lines
• Station wagon
• Sports cars
• Chevrolet Corvette 1953 - present
• Ford Thunderbird 1954 - 2005
• Mustang 1965 ... 2009
• "Muscle cars" Pontiac, Dodge, Ford (Mustang)
QuickTime™ and aJVT/AVC Coding decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
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Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net60s
• JFK - LBJ - RMN
• Civil rights movement (eg WDC 1963) & legislation (Also, incidentally, Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique 1963)
• VN & student protest
• Environmentalist movement
• Rachel Carson 1963[!] Silent Spring
• Pop Culture
• Beatles (Baby, you can drive my car...)
• Beach Boys (Fun, Fun, Fun) [1964]
• Auto industry
• improved safety features
• smaller, less expensive cars (“compacts”)
➡ Ralph Nader 1965 Unsafe at Any Speed
Well, she got her daddy's carAnd she cruised through the hamburger stand nowSeems she forgot all about the libraryLike she told her old man nowAnd with the radio blastingGoes cruising just as fast as she can now
And she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes the T-bird away
Well the girls can't stand her'Cause she walks, looks and drives like an ace nowShe makes the Indy 500 lookLike a Roman chariot race nowA lot of guys try to catch herBut she leads them on a wild-goose chase, now
And she'll have fun, fun, fun 'til her daddy takes the T-bird away
Well, you knew all along thatYour dad was gettin' wise to you now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)And since he took your set of keysYou've been thinking that your fun is all through now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)But you can come along with me'Cause we gotta a lot of things to do now(You shouldn't have lied, now you shouldn't have lied)And we'll have fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away(Fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away)And we'll have fun fun fun now that daddy took the T-bird away(Fun, fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away)Fun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird awayFun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird awayFun, fun now that daddy took the T-bird away
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.netCompact Cars
Corvair
Ford Pinto
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net
Consumer Protection: Safety Concerns
• Ralph Nader: Unsafe At Any Speed 1965 (Corvair…)
• Ford Pinto 1970
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Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.netPony Cars
• Ford Mustang 1965
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.netMuscle Cars
Pontiac GTO
Dodge Charger
Ford Mustang
Master LLCE AnglaisMaster LLCE Anglais
Perspectives
Cars in the US
US CivilisationUS Civilisation““Driving Society”Driving Society”Charles C. Hadley
http://charleshadley.net
Consumer (& other) Movements& Legislative response
• 1963 Clean Air Act
• 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
• 1967 Air Quality Act
• 1970, ’77, ’90 Clean Air Act Amendments
• 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act