master naturalist - botany (4/10/14)
DESCRIPTION
My presentation for the botany session for the Southern Illinois Master Naturalist program on April 10, 2014.TRANSCRIPT
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Southern IllinoisMaster Naturalist
BotanyInstructor: Chris Benda
Camel Rock at Garden of the Gods Wilderness
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Christopher David Benda – Visiting Plant Ecologist, Illinois Natural History Survey
Degognia Canyon – Jackson County
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Photo credit – Randy Nyboer
Statewide Project5 Regional Ecologists
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Illinois Native Plant SocietySouthern Chapter
www.facebook.com/southernillinoisplants
Technical Expert
Consultant
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The Flora of Southern IllinoisPLB 451 – Plant Biology Dept.
Southern Illinois University
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Binomial Nomenclature
“The beginning of wisdom is to call
things by their rightful names.”
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Animalia
Cordata
Reptilia
Testudines
Emydidae
Emydoidea
E. blandingii
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Wildflower Quiz
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Plant Taxonomy•Non-Vascular
•Early Plants (spores)
•Archaeplastida (algae)
•Bryophyta (mosses)
•Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
•Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
•Vascular
•Seedless plants
•Pteridophyta (Ferns)
•Equisetaceae (Horsetail)
•Isoetaceae (Quillwort)
•Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss)
•Marsileaceae (Water-Clover)
•Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss)
•Seed Plants
•Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens)
•Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium, Taxus
•Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
•Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants)
•Dicots (most other flowering plants)
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Gymnosperms
Vs.
Angiosperms
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• 1. Gymnosperms (“Naked Seeds”):plants that don’t produce a protective fruit around the seed.
• Ex: all the conifers-pines, cedar, spruce, and cypress.
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• 2. Angiosperms (“Hidden Seeds”): flowering plants, seed is encased in a protective fruit.
• This is the dominant group of plants on Earth today.
• * Fruit- anything formed from the enlarged plant ovary.
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Basic Plant Reproduction, Structure, and Terminology
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Plants
Monocot
Vs.
Dicot
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One cotyledon in seed
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Leaf veins form
a parallel pattern
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Flower parts in threes and multiples
of three, irregular (nonsymmetrical)
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Two cotyledons in seed
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Leaf veins form
a net pattern
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Flower parts in fours or
fives and their multiples
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Seed
Mo
no
co
tsE
ud
ico
ts
One cotyledon in seed
FlowerRoot
Root xylem and
phloem in a ring
Vascular bundles
scattered in stem
Leaf veins form
aparallel pattern
Flower parts in threes
and multiples of three
Flower parts in fours or
fives and their multiples
Leaf veins form
anet pattern
Vascular bundles
in a distinct ring
Root phloem between
arms of xylemTwo cotyledons in seed
Stem Leaf
Monocot vs. Dicot
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Flowers
Perfect
Vs.
Imperfect
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Two Types of Flowers:
• 1. Perfect (Complete): flowers containing BOTH male (stamen) and female (pistil) sexual parts.
• Automatically monoecious
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• The male part is termed the Stamenwhich consists of the anther and filament.
• The female part is the Pistil, which consists of the stigma, style and ovary.
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• 2. Imperfect (Imcomplete): Flowers containing the reproductive parts of only one sex.
• These imperfect flowers may be on the same plant (monoecious),
• or on separate plants (dioecious).
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Imperfect flowers
Staminate
Vs.
Pistillate
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Monoecious
(one house)
Vs.
Dioecious
(two houses)
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Obligate(requires specific
conditions for survival)Vs.
Facultative(requires general
conditions for survival)
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Symbiosis Can Be One Of Two Conditions:
• 1. Obligatory: one organism cannot live without the other.
• 2. Facultative: can live symbiotically but can survive without one another.
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Leaf Characteristics
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Simple leaf, magnolia
a. Simple versus compound leaves
Pinnately compound leaf,black walnut
Palmately compound leaf,buckeye
b. Arrangement of leaves on stem
Opposite leaves, maple
Whorled leaves,bedstraw
Alternate leaves,American beech
Leaf Characteristics
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Simple leaf, magnolia
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Palmately compound leaf,buckeye
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Pinnately compound leaf,black walnut
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Alternate leaves,American beech
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Whorled leaves,bedstraw
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Opposite leaves, mapleMADCapHorseBuck(buttonbush)
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Handout on plant leaves
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Plant Resources for IllinoisField Guide Books & Websites
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Dichotomous Keys and
Plant Collections
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Erigenia linkhttp://www.ill-inps.org/Erigenia
T & E Species Linkhttp://www.dnr.illinois.gov/ESPB/Documents/ETChecklist2011.pdf
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Plant Taxonomy•Non-Vascular
•Early Plants (spores)
•Archaeplastida (algae)
•Bryophyta (mosses)
•Marchantiophyta (liverworts)
•Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
•Vascular
•Seedless plants
•Pteridophyta (Ferns)
•Equisetaceae (Horsetail)
•Isoetaceae (Quillwort)
•Lycopodiaceae (Clubmoss)
•Marsileaceae (Water-Clover)
•Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss)
•Seed Plants
•Gymnosperms (Conifers/Evergreens)
•Juniperus, Pinus, Taxodium, Taxus
•Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
•Monocots (Orchids, Lilies, Irises, Grasses, Sedges, Rushes, aquatic plants)
•Dicots (most other flowering plants)
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Sphagnum Moss – Sphagnum compactum
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Netted Chain Fern – Woodwardia areolata
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Royal Fern – Osmunda spectabilis
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Gladefern– Deparia acrostichoides
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Mosquito Fern – Azolla mexicana
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Shining Clubmoss – Huperzia lucidula
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Scouring Rush – Equisetum hyemale
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Gymnosperms
Vs.
Angiosperms
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Illinois Gymnosperms
• Cypressaceae – Cypress family
– Juniperus – 3 species
• communis (Ground Juniper, rare)
• horizontalis (Trailing Juniper, rare)
• virginiana (Eastern Red Cedar)
– Thuja – 1 species
• occidentalis (White Cedar, rare)
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Red Cedar - Juniperus virginiana
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Illinois Gymnosperms
• Ginkgoaceae – Ginkgo family
– Ginkgo – 1 species
• biloba (Ginkgo)
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Illinois Gymnosperms
• Pinaceae – Pine family
– Larix – 2 species
• decidua* (European Larch)
• laricina (Tamarack, rare)
– Picea – 2 species
• abies* (Norway Spruce)
• mariana* (Black Spruce)
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Illinois Gymnosperms
• Pinaceae – Pine family
– Pinus – 10 species
• banksiana (Jack Pine)
• echinata (Short-leaf Pine, rare)
• nigra* (Austrian Pine)
• resinosa (Red Pine, rare)
• rigida* (Pitch Pine)
• strobus (White Pine)
• sylvestris* (Scots Pine)
• taeda (Loblolly Pine)
• 2 others
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Illinois Gymnosperms
• Taxaceae – Yew family
– Taxus – 1 species
• canadensis (Canada Yew, rare)
• Taxodiaceae – Bald Cypress family
– Taxodium – 1 species
• distichum (Bald Cypress)
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Big Cypress Access – Lower Cache River
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Plant HumorQ. How can you ID a dogwood tree?
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Plant HumorA. By its bark!
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Gee whiz?! informationIf you can’t tell a joke about it, explain where the name comes
from, or tell story about the plant then:
WHO CARES!!!
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Latin PronunciationPronounce every letter except diphthongs
Echinacea, Tradescantia, Opuntia humifusa, Ambrosia artemisiifolia
“ch” is a “k” sound
Polystichum, Heuchera
If a word has two syllables, the accent always goes with the next to the last (called the penult);
e.g., Àcer.
If a word has three or more syllables, the accent always goes either with the next to the last
(penult) or the third from the last (called the antepenult).
Synandra hispidula, Onoclea sensibilis, Liriodendron tulipifera
phyllum – rhizophyllum, Podophyllum, triphyllum
ae Pellaea atropurpurea, Arisaema
au Daucus carota
Eu Teucrium, Leucanthemum
Oe (phoebe), Platanthera peramoena, Ipomoea
Ui Equisetum
“oi” is not a diphthong!
Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pronounce when ending with “e”
Silene, canadense, sessile, hyemale
Latinized last names (one or two i’s)
Dodecatheon frenchii, Emydoidea blandingii
Most trees have been feminized!
Quercus rubra, Fagus grandifolia, Ulmus americana
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BREAK
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Common Plant FamiliesAngiosperms
Dicots & Monocots
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Apiaceae (Carrot family)
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Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family)
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Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family)
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Mead’s Milkweed – Asclepias meadii
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Asteraceae (Composite family)
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Prairie Dock - Silphium terebinthinaceum
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Blazing Stars – Liatris scabra & aspera
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False Dandelion - Krigia biflora
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Boraginaceae (Borage family)
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Boraginaceae (Borage family)
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Marbleseed – Onosmodium molle var. hispidissimum
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Brassicaceae (Mustard family)
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Cactaceae (Cactus family)
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Campanulaceae (Bellflower family)
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Campanulaceae (Bellflower family)
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Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
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Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family)
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Caryophyllaceae (Pink family)
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Fire Pink – Silene virginica
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Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory family)
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Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
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Wild Orpine - Sedum telephioides
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Cucurbitaceae (Gourd family)
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Cuscutaceae (Dodder family)
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Ericaceae (Heath family)
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Wild Azalea - Rhododendron prinophyllum
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Farkleberry – Vaccinium arboreum
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Lowbush Blueberry - Vaccinium pallidum
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Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)
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Fabaceae (Pea family)
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Pencil Flower - Stylosanthes biflora
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Caesalpiniaceae (Caesalpinia family)
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Redbud - Cercis canadensis
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Gentianaceae (Gentian family)
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Lamiaceae (Mint family)
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Hypericaceae (St. Johnswort family)
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Lythraceae (Loosestrife family)
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Malvaceae (Mallow family)
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Onagraceae (Evening-primrose family)
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Onagraceae (Evening-primrose family)
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Orobanchaceae (Broomrape family)
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Polemoniaceae (Phlox family)
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Polygonaceae (Smartweed family)
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Polemoniaceae (Phlox family)
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Portalacaceae (Purslane family)
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Primulaceae (Primrose family)
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Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)
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Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)
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Rosaceae (Rose family)
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Carolina Rose - Rosa carolina
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Rubiaceae (Madder family)
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Rubiaceae (Madder family)
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Buttonbush – Cephalanthus occidentalis
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Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon family)
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Scrophulariaceae (Snapdragon family)
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Skullcaps – Scutellaria sp.
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Valerianaceae (Valerian family)
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Violaceae (Violet family)
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Violaceae (Violet family)
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Araceae (Arum family)
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Araceae (Arum family)
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Araceae (Arum family)
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Cyperaceae (Sedge family)
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Iridaceae (Iris family)
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Blue-eyed Grass – Sisrhynchium albidum
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Juncaceae (Rush family)
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Liliaceae (Lily family)
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
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Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
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Adam & Eve Orchid – Aplectrum hyemaleCranefly Orchid -Tipularia discolor
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Twayblade Orchid – Liparis lilifolia
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Crested Coralroot Orchid– Hexalectris spicata
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Poaceae (Grass family)
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Rapid Color Guide
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Rapid Color Guide
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Wildflowers of Southern Illinois
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100 Best Nature Photos
http://www.flickr.com/photos/100801363@N03/
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Classification ExerciseFlora of Southern Illinois
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