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The Judicial Branch

Court Systems &Jurisdictions

Judicial function in the United Statesis exercised in a dual court system.

U.S. Courts State Courts

Handle (have

jurisdiction over)cases involving :

Handle (have

jurisdiction over)cases involving:

Jurisdiction:

OriginalJurisdiction:

AppellateJurisdiction:

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The Judicial BranchPowers

Powers of the Judicial BranchConduct Trials

Interpret theLaw

Hear Appeals

Judicial Review

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The Judicial BranchChecks and Balances

Role of the

Judicial Branch inthe System of Checksand BalancesJudicial Powers

over theLegislativeBranch

Judicial Powersover the

Executive

Branch

Legislative

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Powers overthe Judicial

BranchExecutivePowers overthe Judicial

Branch

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The Judicial BranchThe Federal Court System

The federal courts try casesinvolving federal laws and theConstitution.

U.S. Supreme Court

U.S. Court of Appeals

U.S. District Courts

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The Constitution and Laws define thejurisdictions, powers and structure of thefederal courts.

Types of Casesheard byFederal Courts:

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The Judicial BranchFederal Court System

The FederalCourt System

U.S. District

Courts

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U.S. Court of

Appeals

U.S. SupremeCourt

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The Judicial BranchPrinciples

Principle Where is

it Found?

What

does itmean?

DueProcess

5th Amendmentprohibits the nationalgovernment fromacting in an unfair

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Rightsmanner.

14th Amendmentprohibits the statesand local governments

from acting in anunfair manner.

Trial byJury

6th

Amendment

Rights

of theAccused

6th

Amendment

EqualProtecti

onunderthe law

14th

Amendme

nt

The judicial branch interprets the law in order toprotect individuals from the power of the government.

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The Judicial BranchCriminal Cases

The court determines whether a personaccused

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of breaking the law is guilty or not guilty of a misdemeanor,a less serious crime with a punishment of less than a year in

jail or felony, a more serious crime punishable by more thana year in prison.

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Procedures for a criminal case

Arrest

Jail or Bail

Arraignment

Preliminary Hearing

Trial

Sentencing

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Unit 5: The JudicialBranch

Criminal CasesArrest

Arraignment

Preliminary

Hearing

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Trial(DistrictCourt)

Sentencing

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The Judicial BranchCivil Cases

Civil CasesThe court settles adisagreement between twoparties; often overmoney or harm to someonesreputation.

Plaintiff Defendant

Disagreement Settled by:

Jury Judge Judge explains lawthat is relevant in thecase

Determine if

Bench Trial

Determines ifdefendant isresponsible

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defendant isresponsible

Determine

damages orcompensation

Determinesamount of damages orcompensation

The court decides which side is right or wrong; thedecision can be appealed to Court of Appeals or to theSupreme Court.