master of pharmacy (pharmacognosy) -...

M. Phar (Pharmacognosy) Revised Syllabus Applicable w.e.f. Academic Session 2011-12 (22022012) of 16

Study & Evaluation Scheme

of

Master of Pharmacy

(Pharmacognosy) [Applicable w.e.f. Academic Session 2011-12 till revised]

TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY N.H.-24, Delhi Road, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001

Website: www.tmu.ac.in


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of

MASTER OF PHARMACY

SUMMARY

Programme : M. Pharm. (Pharmacognosy)

Duration : Two years full time

Medium : English

Minimum Required Attendance : 75 %

Credit

Maximum Credit : 95

Minimum credit required for getting the

degree : 90

Assessment

:

Internal External Total

30 70 100

Internal Evaluation (Theory

Papers) :

Class

Test

I

Class

Test

II

Class

Test

III

Continuous

Evaluation

Seminar Total

10 10 10 5 5 30

Duration of Examination :

Theory Practical

External Internal External Internal

3 hrs. 1.5 hrs. 4 hrs. 4 hrs.

To qualify the course a student is required to secure a minimum of 40% marks in aggregate in the end

semester examination and teachers continuous evaluation (i.e. both internal and external). A candidate who

secures less than 40% of marks in a course shall be deemed to have failed in that course. The student should

have overall 50% marks in a semester to clear the semester. In case a student has more than 40% in each

course but less than 50% overall in a semester he/she shall re-appear in one or two course(s) to improve the

percentage. There will be three Class Tests in a semester and an average of the marks obtained in best two

tests will be computed (cumulatively) for the final result.

The class tests would comprise of five questions. Student shall have to answer three questions out of which one question will be compulsory. Each question would be of five marks.

Question Paper Structure:

1. The question paper shall consist of eight questions. Out of which first question shall be of short

answer type (not exceeding 50 words) and will be compulsory. Question No. 1 shall contain 8 parts

representing all units of the syllabus and students shall have to answer any five (weightage 4 marks

each).

2. Out of the remaining seven questions, a student shall be required to attempt any five questions.

There will be minimum one and maximum two questions from each unit of the syllabus. The

weightage of Question No. 2 to 8 shall be 10 marks each.



Programme: M.Pharm. Semester I

S.N.

Course Code

Subject Periods Credits Evaluation Scheme

L T P Internal External Total

1 MPA101 Modern Analytical

Techniques

4 2 - 5 30 70 100

2 MPG101 Evaluation of Drugs 4 2 - 5 30 70 100

3 MPG102 Advances in

Pharmacognosy

4 2 - 5 30 70 100

4 MPA151 Modern Analytical

Techniques (MAT) Lab

- - 8 4 30 70 100

5 MPG152 Evaluation of Drugs Lab - - 8 4 30 70 100

Total 12 6 16 23 150 350 500

Semester II

S.N.

Course

Code



1 MPG201 Recent developments in

Pharmacognosy

4 2 - 5 30 70 100

2 MPG202 Industrial Importance of

Pharmacognosy

4 2 - 5 30 70 100

3 MPG203 Phytopharmaceuticals 4 2 - 5 30 70 100

4 MPG251 Research Project (Synopsis

submission)

- 2 - 1 50 50 100

5 MPG252 Industrial Importance of

Pharmacognosy Lab

- - 8 4 30 70 100

6 MPG253 Phytopharmaceuticals Lab - - 8 4 30 70 100

Total 12 8 16 24 200 400 600

Semester III

S.N.

Course

Code

Subject Periods Credit

s

Evaluation Scheme


1 MPG351 Research Project Phase -I - - 48 24 50 50 100

Total - 48 24 50 50 100

Semester IV

S.N.

Course

Code



1 MPG451 Research Project Phase -

II (Thesis compilation

and Viva-Voce)

- - 48 24 50 50 100

Total - 48 24 50 50 100 Research Project shall be carried out in different stages. It will commence with submission and approval of

synopsis in second semester. The experimental work shall be carried out in two phases i.e. in III & IV

semesters.

Note: L – Lecture T- Tutorial P- Practical C- Credits

1L = 1Hr 1T= 1 Hr 1P=1 Hr 1C =1Hr of Theory paper

= 2Hrs of Practical


Semester- I

MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE

Course Code: MPA101 L-4, T-2, P-0, C-5 Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with the Principles, theory & instrumentation

of sophisticated pharmaceutical analysis instruments and the interpretation of their spectra.

Unit - 1 Principle, theory & instrumentation of UV-Visible spectroscopy. Its utility in structural qualitative and

quantitative analysis of drug molecules, woodward fischer rules and use of shiff’s reagents for elucidation of

structure. (8 Hours)

Unit – 2 Infrared spectroscopy, I.R radiation and its interaction with organic molecules, vibrational mode of bonds,

instrumentation and application, effect of hydrogen bonding and conjugation on absorption bands,

interpretation of IR Spectra, FTIR and ATR. (8 Hours)

Unit – 3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: chemical shift concept, isotopic nuclei, reference standards and

solvents. 1H NMR spectra, coupling constants, interpretation of spectra, decoupling-double resonance and

shift reagent methods.

Principles of FT-NMR with reference to 13C NMR, free induction decay. Spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation

phenomenon. Nuclear overhauser enhanced 13C NMR spectra, their interpretation and application.

(8 Hours)

Unit – 4 Mass spectrometry: Basic principles and brief outline of instrumentation. Ion formation, molecular ion,

metastable ion, fragmentation process in relation to molecular structure and functional groups. Relative

abundance of isotopes, chemical ionization, GC-MS and LC/MS. Interpretation of spectra of simple

molecules. (8 Hours)

Unit – 5 Chromatographic techniques: Principles of separation and application of Column, Paper, Thin layer and Gas

chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC, Electrophoresis. Instrumentation of HPLC, Reverse phase columns.

Pharmaceutical evaluation of drug in biological fluids- bioassays. Radioimmunoassay.

(8 Hours)

Books Recommended 1. Willard, H.H., Merrit, L.L., Dean, J.A., Settle, P.A., Instrumental Methods of Analysis, Van Nostrand.

2. Skoog, D.A., Heller, F.J., Nieman, T.A., Principles of Instrumental Analysis, WB Saunders.

3. Haswell, S.J., ed. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Elsevier.

4. Ardrey, R.E., Pharmaceutical Mass Spectra, Pharmaceutical Press, London.

5. Sethi, P.D., Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Formulations, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.

6. Kalsi, P.S., Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, new age publishers, New Delhi.

7. Gross J.H., Mass Spectrometry, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg.

8. Haffmann D. H. Advances in Chromatography, Marcel Dekker.

9. Braun Robert D., Introduction to Instrumental Analysis, McGraw-Hill.

10. Wilfried, M.A. Niessen, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Marcel Dekker.

*Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.


Semester-I

EVALUATION OF DRUGS

Course Code: MPG101 L-4, T-2, P-0, C-5

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with evaluation of drugs.

Unit – 1

Evaluation of Drugs: Concept, considerations, parameters and methods of quality control for

medicinal plant materials as per various pharmacopoeia and other guidelines.

Only interpretation of data UV, IR, NMR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR & Mass spectroscopy for purification and structural elucidation of phytoconstituents. Herbal fingerprint profile of single and

multicomponent herbal drugs. Stability testing of natural products.

(8 Hours)

Unit - 2 Standardization of Ayurvedic Formulations and single crude drug with references to: Identity,

purity and quality of crude drugs. Determination of pesticide residues, determination of arsenic and heavy metals, determination of microorganisms, determination of microbial load in crude drugs.

Identification of aflatoxins in crude drugs. Quality assurance in herbal drug industry. (8 Hours)

Unit – 3

A. Quantitative microscopy, including lycopodium spore method as applied to drug evaluation and

pollen grain analysis. Principles and procedures of microtomy and advanced histological techniques

as applied to Pharmacognosy.

B. Principle and procedure involved in biological test of the following: i. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

ii. Living contaminants in vaccines

iii. Determination of toxic elements (8 Hours)

Unit – 4

Study of pharmacological screening methods of the following categories of drugs: Anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, diuretics, cardiovascular, hepatoprotectives, anticancer, antidiabetics,

antiulceratives, antioxidants, immunomodulators, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antiallergic and antifertility. (8 Hours)

Unit - 5

Regulatory requirements for new drugs: Markers constituents: Definition, importance in crude drug standardization. Examples of Biomarkers. Standardization, quality, efficacy and safety

requirements. (8 Hours)

Books Recommended:

1. Vogel G. H., Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Springer.

2. Dhawan, B.N., Shrimal, R.C., Use of Pharmalogical Techniques for the Evaluation of Natural

Products, CDRI, Lucknow.

3. Pulok K. Mukherjee, Quality Control of Herbal drugs. An Approach to Evaluation of

Botanicals, Business Horizons.

4. V. Rajpal, Standardization of Botanicals, Vol. I & II, Eastern Publishers, New Delhi.

5. WHO Quality Control Methods of Medicinal Plant Materials, WHO.

6. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Vol. 1 & 2.

7. Wallis, T.E., Practical Pharmacognosy, Churchill. 8. Wagner’s, Plant Drug Analysis, A Thin layer Chromatography, Atlas.

9. Bogers, Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Agricultural, Commercial, Ecological, Legal,

Pharmacological and Social Aspects. Springer.


* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.

Semester- I

ADVANCES IN PHARMACOGNOSY


Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with advances in the pharmacognosy.

Unit - 1

Recent development in the quality control of herbal drugs and regulatory requirements for herbal

industry including G.M.P. & G.L.Ps. (8 Hours)

Unit - 2

Plant growth regulators and their use, scope and limitations in Pharmacognosy, Effect of growth

hormones on production of secondary plant metabolites. (8 Hours)

Unit - 3

Nutraceuticals: A biochemical background of use of herbal products, anthocyanins,

proanthocyanidins, flavanones and resveratrol. (8 Hours)

Unit --4

Antibacterial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, hepatoprotective, antidiabetics and anticancer drugs from natural origin, Biological allergens and hallucinogens.

(8 Hours)

Unit - 5 Marine Pharmacognosy: Definition, present status, classification of important bioactive agents, their

general methods of isolation and purification (where reported), study of important bioactive agents

including their chemistry and uses. (8 Hours)

Books Recommended 1. Evans, W.C., Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, W.B., Saunders & Co. London.

2. Wagner H., Plant Drug Analysis, Springer.

3. Rajdan, M., Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New

Delhi. 4. Martin Dean F, Gorge Padilla, Marine Pharmacognosy, R R Bowker Publishing.

5. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Mohammad Ali, CBS Publishers & Distribution, New

Delhi.

6. Kalia, A.N., Text Book of Industrial Pharmacognosy. Satish Kumar Jain for CBS.

7. Vyas, S.P., Dixit, V.K., Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. CBS Publishers.

8. Tyler, Brady and Robbers, Pharmacognosy, Lea & Febiger, 1981.

9. Prof. S. H. Ansari, Essentials of Pharmacogosy, Birla Publishers, Rohtas Nagar, Delhi.

10. PDR for Nutritional Supplements, Medical Economics Co., 2001

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended.


Semester- I

MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE (MAT) LAB

Course Code: MPA151 L-0, T-0, P-8, C-4

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with different analytical instruments.

Based on the Course Code: MPA101


Semester I

EVALUATION OF DRUGS LAB


Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with practicals of evaluation of drugs.

Based on the Course Code: MPG102


Semester II

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PHARMACOGNOSY


Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with recent developments in

pharmacognosy.

Unit - 1

Ethnopharmacognosy / Ethnomedicine, its concept, scope and importance. (8 Hours)

Unit - 2

Aromatic plant resources in India. Screening: Phyto-chemical and Biological screening procedures of

vegetable drugs of medicinal importance. (8 Hours)

Unit - 3

Plant tissue culture techniques & its application in relation to phytopharmaceuticals: Techniques of

initiation & maintenance of various types of cultures, Immobilized cell techniques, Hairy Root

Culture, Germ plasma storage, biotransformation studies, recent advances in elicitor techniques and

production of biological active constituents in static, suspension, multiple shoot cultures. (8 Hours)

Unit - 4

Bioreactors for production of biologically active constituents and other applications of plant tissue culture techniques. Biosynthetic potential of tissue cultures and factors affecting production of

secondary metabolites by tissue culture techniques. (8 Hours)

Unit - 5

History of chemotaxonomy development chemotaxonomy of higher and lower plants with special reference to chemotaxonomic importance of alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides. (8 Hours)

Books Recommended

1. Street, H.C., Plant Cell and Tissue Culture, Blackwell scientific, London.

2. Dr. Kalia, A.N., Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, Satish Kumar Jain for CBS, 2005.

3. Atal, C.K., Kapur, B.M., Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, R.R.L.,

Jammu.

4. Street, H.E., & G.G., Henshaw, In cells and Tissues in Culture, Vol. 3, London, Academic Press.

5. Staba, E.J., Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant Cell, Tissue and organ culture (Reivert J.

and Y.P.S., Bajaj Ed.), Berlin.

6. Tabata, M., Plant Tissue Culture and its Biotechnological Applications, Springer, Berlin.

7. Reinhard, E., Tissue Culture and Plant Science, Academic Press, London. 8. Zunk, M.H., Shagi, E.L., Arens, H, Stoeebigt, J., Weller, E. and Deus, B., Plant Tissue Culture

and its Biotechnological Applications, Springer.

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended


Semester II

INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOGNOSY


Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with industrial importance of pharmacognosy.

Unit - 1

Scope of plant drugs cultivation, factors affecting quality of crude drugs. (8 Hours)

Unit - 2

WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants.

(8 Hours)

Unit - 3

Problems and recent trends in pest management, scope of biological control and use of environment

friendly pesticides especially plant derived products, Pyrethroids, pheromones and juvenile

hormones. (8 Hours)

Unit - 4

Cultivation, management of commercial importance of medicinal plants: Dioscorea, Belladonna,

Hyoscyamus, Cinchona, Opium, Digitalis, Senna, Plantago, Mentha, Rauwolfia, Lemon Grass.

Utilization of waste product of herbal industries. (8 Hours)

Unit - 5

Raw materials of herbal origin used in cosmetics, oils, waxes, gums, hydrophilic colloids, colors,

perfumes, protective agents, preservative agents, anti-oxidants and other ancillary agents.

Methods of preparation of herbal cosmetics for skin, hair and dental care. Determination of shelf life

of raw drugs, powered drugs, extracts, fractions and finished products. (8 Hours)

Books Recommended

1. Atal, C.K., Kapur, B.M., Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, R.R.L.

Jammu. 2. Farooqui, A.A., Sreeramu, B.S., Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University press,

2001. 3. Kalia, A.N., Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy, Satish Kumar Jain for CBS, 2005.

4. Bruneton Jean, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, Lavoisier

Publishing.

5. Kaufmann, Natural Products from Plants, CRC Press, New York.

6. Panda, Herbal Soaps and Detergents. National Institute of Industrial Relation.

7. Vimladevi, Text Book of Cosmetics. CBS Publishers & Distributors, 2007.

8. Essentials of pharmacognosy, Prof. S.H. Ansari, Birla publication, Rohtas Nagar Shahadra.

* Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended


Semester II

PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS

Course Code: MPG203 L- 4, T-2, P-0, C-5 Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with Phytopharmaceuticals.

Unit - 1

Methods of investigation of biosynthetic pathways, tracer techniques and autoradiography. (8 Hours)

Unit - 2

Drug Constituents & their Biosynthesis

Isolation, Characterization and purification with a special reference to their importance in herbal

industries of following phytopharmaceuticals containing drugs: Alkaloids: Ephedrine, Hyoscyamine, Quinine, Morphine, Ergometrine, Reserpine, Vincristine.

Glycosides: Digitoxin, Scillaren, Glycyrrhizin.

Steroids: Sitosterols, Hecogenin, Diosgenin. Coumarin: Umbelliferone.

Flavones: Hesperidin, Myrecetin.

Antibiotics: Penicillin, griseofulvin, Tetracycline. (8 Hours)

Unit -3

Distribution, Isolation, Purification and Characterization of bioactive chemical constituents as follows:

Steroids: Diosgenin, Hecogenin, guggulosterone and withanolides. Alkaloids: Morphine, Ergometrine, Quinine, Reserpine, Strychnine, Vincristine, piperine, Berberine,

Vasicine.

Glycosides: Digitoxin, Sennosides, Bacosides. Volatile oils: Lemongrass oil, camphor, menthol, Eugenol.

Antibiotics: Penicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline.

Vitamins: Cyanocobalamine

Others: Taxol. (8 Hours)

Unit - 4

Venom and antivenom, Antihaemophilics, Fibrinogen and Thrombin. (8 Hours)

Unit - 5

Structural elucidation of natural products using conventional synthetic, degradative and spectral methods - an insight, giving examples. (8 Hours)

Books Recommended 1. Jean Bruneton, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry of medicinal plants Techniques and

Documentation, Lavoiser, 1995.

2. Introduction to Alkaloids- A Biogenetic Approach, Willy, New York.

3. Vinod D. Rangari, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Career publication, Nashik. 4. Kaufmann, Natural Products from Plants, CRS Press, New York.

5. Nakanishi K., Chemistry of Natural Products, Kodausha Book Publishing Company, Osaka (Japan).

6. Harborne, J.B., Phytochemical Methods, Chaparan & Hall, London. 7. Finar, I.L., Oraganic Chemistry, Stereochemistry and the Chemistry of Natural Products, U.S.A.

*Latest editions of all the suggested books are recommended


Semester II

RESEARCH PROJECT (SYNOPSIS SUBMISSION) Course Code: MPG251 L- 4, T-0, P-0, C-4

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with the method, instrumentation and

the technology of the topic that is selected for the dissertation.

Curriculum Details:

1. The course will comprise of preparation of synopsis for the proposed research work to be

done during third and fourth semester courses.

2. The allotted supervisor will provide guidelines and determine the topic of the research work

based on thorough literature reviews.

3. The final presentation will be evaluated by the supervisor(s) concerned for 25 marks.

4. A committee of senior faculty of the institute including supervisor(s), will finally evaluates

the quality of the proposed work and its relevance in the pharmaceutical field (out of 75

marks).


Semester II

INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE OF PHARMACOGNOSY LAB


Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with industrial pharmacognosy

practicals.



Semester II

PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS LAB

Course Code: MPG253 L- 0, T-0, P-8, C-4

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to get familiar with Phytopharmaceuticals practicals.



Semester III

RESEARCH PROJECT (PHASE-I)

(TO BE CONTINUED IN SEMESTER-IV) Course Code: MPG351 L- 0, T-0, P-48, C-24

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to represent the findings of the project that has been

done in the dissertation.

Guidelines:

1. The course will comprise of the confirmation of the proposed research work based on the

initial experimentation to confirm the feasibility of the work.

2. The allotted supervisor(s) will provide guidelines with exploration of the line of action with

recent trends of research in the related field and confirm global acceptability with regards to

industry and academic problems.

3. The continuous literature survey and modification of experimental pathway will be taken in

to practice with regular monitoring. 4. The candidate’s performance will be evaluated by the supervisor(s) and the internal

committee of at least three senior faculties in addition to the allotted supervisor(s). There will be atleast two seminars to be presented before the committee in this semester consisting of

the progress of the research work. 5. Each seminar will be of 50 marks.


Semester IV

RESEARCH PROJECT (PHASE –II)

(THESIS COMPILATION & VIVA-VOCE) Course Code: MPG451 L-0, T-0, P-48, C-24

Objective: The basic objective of this course is to present the findings of the project that has been

carried out in different phases.

Guidelines:

1. The progress of research work will be continuously evaluated by the supervisor(s) concerned.

2. There will be at least two presentations in this semester and each will be evaluated out of 25

marks by the internal committee of at least three senior faculties besides the allotted

supervisor(s).

3. The external examiner appointed by the university will finally evaluate the thesis by way of

viva- voce and presentation by the candidate out of the remaining 50 marks.

master of pharmacy (pharmacognosy) -...

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