masters of european formalist cinema:
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Masters of European Formalist Cinema:. From German Expressionism to Bergman. German Expressionism. A film premiered in Berlin, late February, 1920. Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari by Robert Wiene - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Masters of European Formalist Cinema:
From German Expressionism
to Bergman
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German Expressionism
• A film premiered in Berlin, late February, 1920.
• Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari by Robert Wiene
• Stylized sets with distorted buildings on canvas backdrops, crooked trees and lampposts, interiors in a theatrical manner.
• Completely non-realistic performance - jerky and dance-like movements
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German Expressionism
• Das Kabinett des Dr. Caligari (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, 1920)
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• Thomas Eakins, The Champion Single Sculls (1871)• Realist painting: realistic representation of outward app
earance
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• Photographic realism in painting - painter’s attempt to record reality as a camera does
• Thomas Eakins, Students at the Site of the “Swimming Hole” (Albumin print on paper, 1883)
• Thomas Eakins, Swimming (The Swimming Hole, 1885)
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Claude Monet, La Cathédral de Rouen (Full Sunlight: Harmony of Blue and Gold, Dull Weather, Full Sunlight, 1894)・ French impressionism - attempt to capture fleeting qualities of light.
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Expressionism in Painting
• Abandonment of realistic representation and the expression of inner emotion through extreme distortion
• Large shapes of raw, unrealistic and symbolic colours expressing psychic condition.
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Expressionism in Painting
• Anguish, anxiety, fear, vanity, pride and other emotion represented by elongated figures and distorted faces
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Expressionism in Painting
• Tilted, lean buildings, oddly angled streets, and distorted perspective express a state of mind.
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Expressionism in Theatre
• Expressionist theatre• Expressionistic stage design (Bertold Brecht
and Kurt Weil, Drei groschen oper)• Unnaturalistic performance
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German Expressionism
• Actors and their performance subservient to the composition of shots, set designs, costumes and lighting.
• ‘… the film image must become graphic art’ Herman Warm
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German Expressionism‘If the décor has been conceived as having the same spiritual state as that which governs the character’s mentality, the actor will find in that décor a valuable aid in composing and living his part. He will blend himself into the represented milieu, and both of them will move in the same rhythm.’ Conrad Veight
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European Avant-garde Films
• International avant-garde style - French, German, Soviet filmmaking as an alternative to American realist film style
• The epitome - Carl Theodor Dreyer’s Passion of Joan of Arc (1928)
• The film depicting the trial and execution of Joan of Arc
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European Avant-garde Films
• Great many close-ups, often decentred• Filmed against blank white background or sym
bolic objects and signs (the sets designed by Hermann Warm, the designer of Caligari) The inquistion of Joan
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European Avant-garde Films
• Close ups of the face of Joan of Arc (Italian comedienne Renée Falconetti) without make ups - every emotional detail can be shown.
• Dynamic low framings and accelerated subjective editing (Soviet Montage film) in Jean’s execution
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・ Luis Buñuel (1900-1983 Spanish/Mexican)・ Ingmar Bergman (1918-2007 Sweden)・ Federico Fellini (1920-1993 Italy)・ Michelangelo Antonioni (1912-2007 Italy)・ Robert Bresson (1901-1999 France)・ Jacques Tati (1908-1982 France)
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Luis Buñuel • Luis Buñuel - friend of Salvatore Dali and Federico Garcia Lorca
• Founded film club in Madrid and wrote film reviews
• Entered film producing circles in Paris and made his first film Un Chien Andalou in 1928
• Film of instinct, Freudian and Surrealistic
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Luis Buñuel
• Left Spain after fighting in the Spanish Civil War. Found difficult to get work in US, he settled in Mexico. Returning to Europe after the war, he made a series of films attacking the hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie and the church.
• The Discreet Charm of Bourgeoisie (1972)
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Federico Fellini
• Fellini is the most original and independent film director with the most distinctive film style.
• Helped inaugurate Neorealismo as a screenwriter but developed his own distinctive style when he turned a film director.
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Federico Fellini
Recurring motifs and themes • Circus, festivals, music halls, parades, marches• Clowns, angelic figures, holy fools
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Federico Fellini
• Whores, nurturing mother figures, large women
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Federico Fellini
• Childhood and young adulthood memories and recollections
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Federico Fellini
• Empty seashores, desolate roads, deserted town squares at night
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Federico Fellini
• Hallucinatory or dreamlike imagery
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Federico Fellini
• Characters at their most bizarre
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Federico Fellini
• Mesmerizing images
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Ingmar Bergman
• Bergman’s films are noted for the bleak depiction of human vulnerability, loneliness and torment.
• Several stages of in Bergman’s directorial career.
• Early films - adolescent crises, the instability of first love and spiritual malaise
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Ingmar Bergman
• Wild Strawberries (1957) - meditation of old age and the regret and guilt of adolescence
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Ingmar Bergman
• Films in the 60s are about narcissistic but confused and alienated humans. Persona (1966)