materi kuliah5

MATERI KULIAH BAHASA MATERI KULIAH BAHASA INGGRISINGGRIS

Topic : Bagan Ringkasan Topic : Bagan Ringkasan ModalsModals

ByBySULISTIYONO, SPd, MMSULISTIYONO, SPd, MM

Bakti Indonesia UniversityBakti Indonesia UniversityBanyuwangiBanyuwangi

20112011

Bagan Ringkasan Tentang Modal Bagan Ringkasan Tentang Modal Dan Ekspresi SerupaDan Ekspresi Serupa

AuxiliaryAuxiliary UsesUses Present/FuturePresent/Future PastPast

MayMay Polite RequestPolite Request May I borrowMay I borrow your pen?your pen?

Formal Formal PermissionPermission

You You may leavemay leave the the room.room.

PossibilityPossibility --Where’s John?--Where’s John?

-- He -- He may bemay be at the at the library.library.

He He may have may have been been at the at the librarylibrary


MightMight PossibilityPossibility Where’s John? Where’s John? He He might bemight be at the at the library.library.

He He might might have beenhave been at at the librarythe library

Polite Request Polite Request

(( rare rare ) )

Might I borrowMight I borrow your pen?your pen?

ShouldShould AdvisabilityAdvisability I I should studyshould study tonight.tonight.

I I should should have studiedhave studied tonight.tonight.

CertaintyCertainty She She should doshould do well on the test.well on the test.

She She should should have donehave done well on the well on the test.test.


Ought toOught to AdvisabilityAdvisability I I ought to studyought to study tonight.tonight.

I I ought to have ought to have studiedstudied last last night.night.

CertaintyCertainty She She ought to doought to do well on the test.well on the test.

She She ought toought to have donehave done well well on the test.on the test.

Had betterHad better Advisability with Advisability with threat of bad resultthreat of bad result

You You had betterhad better bebe on time, or we on time, or we will leave will leave without you.without you.

((past form past form uncommonuncommon))

Be Be supposed supposed toto

ExpectationExpectation Class Class is is supposed to supposed to beginbegin at 10. at 10.

Class Class was was supposed to supposed to beginbegin at 10. at 10.


Be toBe to Strong Strong ExpectationExpectation

You are to be You are to be here at 9.00.here at 9.00.

You were to You were to be here at 9.00.be here at 9.00.

MustMust Strong Strong NecessityNecessity

I must go to class I must go to class today.today.

I had to go to I had to go to class class yesterday.yesterday.

ProhibitionProhibition You must not You must not open that door.open that door.

CertaintyCertainty Mary is not in Mary is not in class. She must be class. She must be sick.sick.

Mary must Mary must have been sick have been sick yesterday.yesterday.


Have toHave to NecessityNecessity I I have to gohave to go to to class today.class today.

I I had to gohad to go to to class class yesterday.yesterday.

Lack of Lack of Necessity Necessity (negative)(negative)

I I don’t have to don’t have to gogo to class today. to class today.

I I didn’t have didn’t have to goto go to class to class yesterday.yesterday.

Have got Have got toto

NecessityNecessity I I have got to gohave got to go to class today.to class today.

I I had to gohad to go to to class class yesterday.yesterday.


WillWill CertaintyCertainty He He will bewill be here at here at 6.00. (future only)6.00. (future only)

WillingnessWillingness … … The phone’s The phone’s ringing. Iringing. I’ll get’ll get it. it.

Polite RequestPolite Request Will Will you please you please passpass the salt? the salt?

Be going Be going toto

CertaintyCertainty

Define planDefine plan

He He is going tois going to be be here at 6.00. (future here at 6.00. (future only)only)II’m going to paint’m going to paint my bedroom. my bedroom. (future only)(future only)

I I was going to was going to paintpaint my room, my room, but I didn’t have but I didn’t have time.time.


CanCan Ability / Ability / possibilitypossibility

I I can runcan run fast. fast. I I could runcould run fast fast when I was a child, when I was a child, but now I can’t.but now I can’t.

Informal Informal permissionpermission

You You can usecan use my my car tomorrow.car tomorrow.

Informal Informal polite requestpolite request

CanCan I I borrowborrow your your pen?pen?

ImpossibilityImpossibility(negative (negative only)only)

That That can’t becan’t be true! true! That That can’t have can’t have beenbeen true! true!


CouldCould Past abilityPast ability I I could runcould run fast fast when I was a when I was a child.child.

Polite Polite requestrequest

CouldCould I I borrow borrow your pen?your pen?Could Could you you help help me?me?

SuggestionSuggestion -- I need help in -- I need help in math. math.

--You --You could talkcould talk to your teacher.to your teacher.

You You could have could have talkedtalked to your to your teacher.teacher.

AuxiliaryAuxiliary UsesUses Present/FuturePresent/Future PastPastCertaintyCertainty --Where’s John?--Where’s John?

--He --He could becould be at at home.home.

He He could becould be at at home.home.

ImpossibilImpossibility ity (negative (negative only)only)

That That couldn’t becouldn’t be true!true!

That That couldn’t couldn’t have beenhave been true! true!

Be able toBe able to AbilityAbility I I am able to helpam able to help you. I will be able you. I will be able to help you.to help you.

I I was able to was able to helphelp you. you.


WouldWould Polite Polite requestrequest

WWould ould you you please please passpass the salt? the salt? WouldWould you you mindmind if if I left early?I left early?

PreferencePreference I would rather go I would rather go to the park than stay to the park than stay home.home.

I I would rather would rather have gonehave gone to the to the park.park.

Repeated Repeated action in the action in the pastpast

When I was a When I was a child, I child, I would visitwould visit my grandparents my grandparents every weekend.every weekend.


Used toUsed to Repeated Repeated action in action in the pastthe past

I I used to visitused to visit my grandparents my grandparents every weekend.every weekend.

ShallShall Polite Polite question to question to make make suggestionsuggestion

ShallShall I I open open the the window?window?

Future Future with “I” or with “I” or “ We” as “ We” as subjectsubject

I I shall arriveshall arrive at at nine. (nine. (willwill = = more more common)common)

Thanks, for your attention! Thanks, for your attention! Remember to study at home! See Remember to study at home! See you next time ,Good bye!you next time ,Good bye!

Wassalam..Wassalam..

materi kuliah5

Documents

polite request

wheres john

run fast

class yesterday

class today

possibility

class

true