materials background materials from bi 150 molbiol

7/28/2019 Materials Background Materials From Bi 150 Molbiol

1/15

From Bi 150 Lecture 0

October 4, 2012

An introduction to molecular biology . . .

but you will learn the cell biology in this course

1


2/15

3 x 109 base pairs

Lander et al


3/15

Humans have 22 pairs of chromosomes, plus the X and Y.Males are XY; females are XX.

A. Each chromosome is painted with a B. We have arranged the chromosomesunique combination of fluorescent dyes to form pairs.

Garland; Little Alberts Fig 5-12


4/15

Genes can be localized crudelyby

2 m

6 distinct genes are

Little Alberts Fig 10-16

pro e n t s mage

Seuss 1959


5/15


6/15

How much coding sequence is in the genome?

22,000 genes x 400 codons/protein x 3 bases/codon

= 26.4 million base pairs, or < 1% of the genome!

1. Repetitive elements (junk? selfish DNA?)

. . .

2. Regulatory regions

3. Introns

6


7/15

Gene activation involves regulatory regions

7Little Alberts Fig. 8-15 Garland publishing


8/15

coding sequences noncoding sequences

Components of Expression

exon intron

transcription (mRNA synthesis)

messenger RNA (mRNA) translated sequences untranslated sequences

translation

protein

8


9/15

Protein synthesis and degradation

A. synthesis

B. degradation

protein + Greek, breakdown

9Modified from Little Alberts Panel 2-5


10/15

the tRNA synthetase translates thegenetic code, because it contacts

(c) in some cases,other parts of thetRNA

(b) the anticodon loop

10


11/15

receptor

a specific molecule (the ligand).Latin,to tie

Most drug receptors are proteins.

Greek, first

11


12/15

Protein Folding vs. Inverse Folding = Computational Protein Design

Protein Folding(no degeneracy)

Inverse Folding(large degeneracy)

Structures

Sequences

Several ways to

amino acidsmake an arch

12


13/15

Protein degradation is accomplished primarily by proteolytic enzymes

The genome encodes hundreds of proteolytic enzymes.

They vary in

--

-- cellular expression

-- organelle of expression

13


14/15

Cells often mark proteins for proteolysis by attaching strings of the protein, ubiquitin.

strings of ubiquitin

proteolyzed

otherprotein

14modified from Little Alberts Fig 18-7


15/15

Controlled proteolysis takes place in the proteasome

shorter

15modified from Little Alberts 1st edition Fig 7-32

materials background materials from bi 150 molbiol

Documents