materials science in foaming...materials science in foaming ernesto di maio and salvatore iannace...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Materials Science in Foaming...Materials Science in Foaming Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering University of Naples](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042014/5e738b6d5e943832da04d49c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Materials Science in Foaming Ernesto Di Maio and Salvatore Iannace
Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering
University of Naples Federico II, ItalyNational Research Council
Milan&Naples, Italy
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foaming in Naples
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the beauty of foam:
“it is like designing materials with air” L.J.Gibson, Cellular Materials, 2001
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nice and soft
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acoustic absorption
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thermal insulation
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the most efficient, wonderful structural materials
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foams as structural materials
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foams as structural materials
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structures that we try to mimic
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how?
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as easy as:
pouring some beer
beating egg white
baking a cake
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vs.
vs.
vs.
as easy as:
pouring some beer
making egg white
baking a cake
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vs.
vs.
vs.
as easy as:
pouring some beer
making egg white
baking a cake
materials science matters
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www.foamlab.unina.it
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new characterization tools new processing tools new understanding new materials & products
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new characterization tools
• HP-rheology • HP-DSC • pVT • TEM/SEM/optical • …
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new characterization tools
• HP-rheology • HP-DSC • pVT • TEM/SEM/optical • coupled sorption/drop shape analysis
• solubility, diffusivity, density, interfacial tension
HP/HT view
MSB
Pastore Carbone et al., Polymer Testing 2013
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new characterization tools
Di Caprio et al., Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2016
solubility diffusivity
density interfacial tension
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Tammaro, et al. J Cell Past 2015 Tammaro, et al. I&CER 2016
new processing tools
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new understanding new materials & products
…playing around with all of the possible strategies to achieve a good foam
with the material with the blowing agents with the nucleating agents with the process
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PCL PCL 1%perox
1. macromolecular architecture
Di Maio et al. Macromol. Symp. 2005 Di et al. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2005
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2. blowing agent
Di Maio et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2005
PCL
CO2N2 CO2/N2
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PLA 1% nano
3. nanometric additive
Marrazzo et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2008 Di. et al J. Pol. Sci. B 2003 Di Maio et al. Plastics Rubbers and Composites 2003 Di Maio et al. Polymer 2004 Di. et al J. Pol. Sci. B 2005
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Di Maio et al. Poly. Eng. Sci 2005 Marrazzo et al. J. of Cell. Plast. 2008 Sorrentino et al. J App Pol Sci 2010 Salerno et al. Biotech Bioeng 2011 Tammaro et al. . J. of Cell. Plast. 2015
4. processing
3000bar/s300bar/s
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Orsi et al. Nano Research 2014
new materials & products
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Contaldi et al. JAPS 2016
new materials & products
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Trujillo de Santiago et al. in preparation
new materials & products
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so far… thermoplastic foams by physical blowing agents
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thermosetting polyurethane foams by physical blowing agents
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time
insulating performance
introduction of water as blowing agent
introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent
λ=0.025W/m.K
λ=0.020W/m.K
R. Herrington, K. Hock, Polyurethane Foams, The Dow Chemical Company, 1977
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time
insulating performance
?
introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent
λ=0.025W/m.K
λ=0.020W/m.K
introduction of water as blowing agent
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time
insulating performance
?
introduction of pentane as co-blowing agent
λ=0.025W/m.K
λ=0.020W/m.K
scCO2
introduction of water as blowing agent
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1. sorption under high pressure 2. curing under high pressure 3. foaming at pressure release
how?
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Di Caprio et al., Polymer Testing, submitted
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rubber impeller
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rubber impeller sapphire window
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sorption
FT-NIR spectra polyol+CO2
*4950cm-1
*5070cm-1
*CO2 combination bands
t = 0
t = 2days
*Buback et al. Physica B&C 139-140 (1986) 544-546 T. Guadagno, S. G. Kazarian J. Phys. Chem. B. 108 (2004) 13995
T=35°C, Pco2 = 40 bar, tsorption = 2 days scans=32 resolution= 4 cm-1
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1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,30
1,35
1,40
1,45
Abs
orba
nce
4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500
Wavenumbers (cm-1)
-NH overtone band 6700 cm-1
-NCO 5347 cm-1
-NCO 4680 cm-1
isocyanate
isocyanate
urethane
curing
FT-NIR spectra polyol+MDI+CO2
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sorption time
2h 30’ 7h 17h
CO2 % wt
2.0%wt
3.7%wt
4.1%wt
1.3%wt
40’ 12’
0.7%wt
0’
0%wt
foaming
effect of PBA amount
sorption time
density quality of morfology
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without CO2 with CO2
PUFs obtained at 35°C and 0 (left) and 4.0 (right) MPa of CO2.
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still far from the insulating performance goal but THAT’S BEAUTIFUL!
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@University of Naples