materials science introduction ppt

7/26/2019 Materials Science introduction PPT

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Materials Science Lab - MECE3245

Instructor: Dr. Li Sun

Office: N232 Engineering uil!ing "

#$one: %"3-%43-45&' e(ail: lsun4)u$.e!u

Office *our : + a,,oint(ent

C+cle I

Age hardening

Creep

Tensile Phase Diagram

C+cle II

Heat treatment

Fatigue

Charpy test Recrystallization

lab e,eri(ents

Ea( (eet in D3 W122, lab in W249
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


2/54

/ra!ing

labs 0 5&,ts 1 4&& ,oints inclu!ing:

#re-lab : 0 2& ,ts1 "& ,oints

Lab ,erfor(ance: 0 "& ,ts1 &,oints

Lab re,ort: 0 2& ,ts1 "& ,oints

2 6ui77es 0 4&& ,ts 1 && ,oints

Co(,lete all labs to get a gra!e

#lease follo8 lab re,ort ,olic+

Lab resc$e!uling is generall+ not allo8e!


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#re,aration

Sign-u, for t$e lab section./et +our Materials Science tetboo9 out Calister;/et fa(iliar 8it$ t$e lab (anual before eac$ e,eri(ent


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Session "

Lab Mon!a+ =e!nes!a+ 4:3&-%,(

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

lbarracin >uan C a?ier

C$a?e7>ose M Moncon!uitMonica

Dia7 Carlos San!o?al>o$nat$an @

De Leon>o$n


5/54

Session 2

Lab Bues!a+ B$urs!a+ '-"2,(


(a+aMarlo O. *aggblo(le * Men!e7>ose

agule+>onat$an / *enr+C$a! lan Montiel#aula

Curielernan!o S *uff(an/arrett B B$o(asSara

Dal8a!i#rati9 * >ara(illoanessa eungBs7 Bo


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r(strongra!le+ @ MorenoDaniel r>o$n

/arcia>a?ier Ngu+enMin$ Babsc$ *erbas!nan

*ernan!e7lan #e!ra7aCesar BongLuis

Ma9noFiaasi( A uintanilla


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Session 4

Lab Bues!a+ B$urs!a+ 4:3& -%:&& ,(


ustriant$on+ C.Brookhim,Esth

er

Da!e9so$n D.

E$tes$a(Booba ingstB+ler @.

Moreno>ulio C


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Lab C+cle "

06/06/16- 06/17/16

/rou, "5'"3 /rou, 2 "&"4 /rou, 3%""

>une Mo; Age hardening Creep Tensile

>une % Bu; Age hardening Creep Tensile

>une =e; Creep Tensile Phase Diagram

>une ' B$; Creep Tensile Phase Diagram

>une "3 Mo; Tensile Phase Diagram Age hardening

>une "4 Bu; Tensile Phase Diagram Age hardening

>une "5 =e; Phase Diagram Age hardening Creep

>une " B$; Phase Diagram Age hardening Creep

our Lab une "% ri!a+;

Creep

Phase Diagram

Age hardening

Tensile


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Lab C+cle 2

06/20/15- 07/01/16

/rou, "5'"3 /rou, 2 "&"4 /rou, 3%

>une 2& Heat treatment Fatigue Charpy test

>une 2" Heat treatment Fatigue Charpy test

>une 22 Fatigue Charpy test Recrystallization

>une 23 Fatigue Charpy test Recrystallization

>une 2% Charpy test Recrystallization Heat treatment

>une 2 Charpy test Recrystallization Heat treatment

>une 2' Recrystallization Heat treatment Fatigue

>une 3& Recrystallization Heat treatment Fatigue

our Lab ul+ "

Fatigue

Charpy test

Recrystallization

Heat treatment


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Ea(s

Ea( ": 2-4 ,( >une 2&t$ 2&"

D3 W122

Ea( 2: 2-4 ,( >ul+ 4t$ 2&"

Or Ea( 2 : 2-4 ,( >ul+ 't$ 2&"


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Safety ro!e"ure# $% t&e 'ab

B$e follo8ing basic ,roce!ures (ust be follo8e! at all ti(es in t$e lab. #re,aring for

t$ese re6uire(ents is as i(,ortant as ,re,aring for t$e lab itself.(ye rote!t$o%:

G =ear e+e ,rotection at all ti(es in t$e lab. Eercise ,articular care 8$en engage! in

an+ o,eration in?ol?ing ele?ate! te(,erature c$e(icals (o?ing $ar!8are e.

6uenc$ing ,olis$ing $eat treat(ents (elting fatigue c$ar,+;.

G B$e stu!ents ,erfor(ing t$e o,eration as 8ell as t$ose 8atc$ing fro( a close !istance

(ust a!$ere to t$is.)eat treat*e%t:

G Clear 8or9ing area e. for 6uenc$ing etc. ,rior to asse(bling t$e stu!ents. Do not

allo8 t$e grou, to be confine! to a restricte! region. B$at is (o?e c$airs a8a+ fro( t$e

furnace area.

G Insist t$at obser?ers stan! co(fortabl+ a8a+ fro( t$e acti?it+.

+ot&$%:G If a stu!ent is not 8earing s$oes 8$ic$ co?er t$e feet get so(eone else to !o t$e

6uenc$ingetc.

G ll nec9 ties (ust be re(o?e! for t$e lab.

G Loose clot$ing or long $air 8$ic$ (ig$t be tangle! in e6ui,(ent (ust be re(o?e! or

secure!

Safet+ is our #riorit+


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Stress-Strain Best Bensile Best;

"2

gauge


13/54

Stress-strain Cur?e an! Sa(,le Defor(ation

&


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racture

Se,aration of a sa(,le into t8o or (ore ,ieces in res,onse to an i(,ose! stress.

racture is one t+,e of failure ta9es ,lace at te(,erature (uc$ lo8er t$an

(elting te(,erature.

&

I

II

III

ase! on (aterials !uctilit+ t$ree t+,es of fracture surfaces

*ig$l+ !uctile Mo!erate !uctile rittle

Ductile:8arning

before fracture

Brittle:No

8arning


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G E?olution to failure:

Mo!eratel+ Ductile ailure

nec9ing

s

?oi!nucleation

?oi! gro8t$an! lin9age

s$earingat surface

fracture


16/54

inar+ Iso(or,$ous #$ase Diagra(

Co(,onent: 2 Cu an! Ni; inar+ s+ste(s

B$er(o!+na(ic ?ariables: B an! C #

1 usuall+ constant at " at(;

#$ase: 2 L an! H;

Co(,lete soli! solution Iso(or,$ous binar+ ,$ase !iagra(

#$ase fiel!: 3

L

HL (iture;

J

oun!ar+ bet8een ,$ase fiel!

Li6ui!us line

Soli!us line


17/54

inar+ Eutectic #$ase Diagra(

Co(,onent: 2 inar+ s+ste(s

Eutectic

Lo8er (elting at s,ecific co(,osition of soli!

(iture

Eutectic ,oint at TE: an! CE

#$ase: 3 L H an! K;

Li(ite! solubilit+ in S

a: (ostl+

b: (ostl+

#$ase fiel!:

Single ,$ase: L H an! K

Miture: HL KL HK

oun!ar+ bet8een ,$ase fiel!

Li6ui!us line

Soli!us line

Sol?us line

"%


18/54

Soli!ification of Eutectic llo+

"

*+,oeutectic *+,ereutectic


19/54

/enerali7e! Cree, e$a?ior

Bensile testInstantaneous (easure(ent

&

B3

B2

B"

T3 . T2 . T1

t lo8er te(,erature B&.4B( t$e strain

is instantaneous t$us in!e,en!ent of ti(e

an! stress.

t $ig$er te(,eratures strain in

(aterials are te(,erature an! stress

!e,en!ent.

Stain ?ersus ti(e


20/54

B+,ical Cree, Cur?e

Cree, rate :

#ri(ar+ cree,

Secon!ar+ cree,

Bertiar+ cree,

!ecreases

constant

increases

Strain $ar!ening

Strain $ar!ening an! reco?er+

Defects generation an! ,ro,agating

dt

ds

=


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22/54

Ea(,le of


23/54

Strengt$ening Mec$anis(s

Defor(ation

Elastic !efor(ation

#lastic !efor(ation

+ sli, relate! to !islocation (o?e(ent

Strengt$ening

I(,e!e !islocation (o?e(ent (ore !ifficult ,lastic !efor(ation;

23


24/54


5 strengt$ening (ec$anis(s

/rain si7e re!uction

Sol!-solution strengt$ening

Strain $ar!ening

Dis,ersion $ar!ening age $ar!ening or,reci,itate $ar!ening;

Martensite $ar!ening

/rain si7e re!uction

/rain boun!ar+ interaction 8it$ !islocation

/rain si7e P interaction fre6uenc+Q P

strengt$Q

*all-#etc$ e6uation

24

21

/

yoyield dk +=


25/54


Soli!-solution strengt$ening

Lattice strain interaction 8it$ !islocation

#artiall+ cancel strain aroun! !islocation

P !islocation (obilit+

Soli!-solution strengt$ening in co,,er as

a function of nic9el content CNiQ P R+Q an! BSQ

25


26/54


Strain $ar!ening

Bangle! an! increase!

!islocation !ensit+: increase!

interaction bet8een !islocations

usuall+ re,ulsi?e; C=Q P R+Q an! BSQ but EL


27/54


Dis,ersion $ar!ening age $ar!ening or ,reci,itate

$ar!ening; #article interaction 8it$ !islocations

*ig$er !ensit+ !is,erse! ,article

Martensite $ar!ening


28/54

ge-*ar!ening: Intro!uction

ge $ar!ening

One of strengt$ening (ec$anis(s

+ finel+ !is,erse! secon! ,$ase

in t$e (atri

#roce!ures Solution treat(ent

t a $ig$ te(,erature

uenc$ing

or su,ersaturate! solute

geing: annealing $eat treat(ent;

at roo( or ele?ate! te(,eratures

or secon! ,$ase ,reci,itation

2


29/54

C$ar,+


30/54

atigue

atigue

for( of failure

ailure un!er a,,lie! c+clic stress

Stress con!ition: !+na(ic an! fluctuating ti(e-!e,en!ent stress; Be(,erature: relati?el+ lo8

=$+ i(,ortant

ailure coul! occur at stress le?el consi!erabl+ lo8er t$an BS or S

for a static loa! max y; Occurs catastro,$icall+ su!!enl+ an! no 8arning;

T'& of (etallic failures

#ol+(ers an! cera(ics also susce,tible

3&


31/54

Stress Con!itions in atigue

,,l+ing c+clic stress con!itions

Bensile ; co(,ressi?e -;


32/54

atigue Best

B+,ical fatigue test

Si(ulating ser?ice

stress con!itions

Uniaial tension-

co(,ression test


33/54

S -NCur?e I

Lo8er 8it$ increasingNbut no failure if S lo8er

t$an certain ?alue

errous an! Bi allo+s

Sbeco(es constant after certainN

atigue li(it ailure 8ill not occur belo8 t$e S

Usuall+ 35-& of BS for steels

Continuousl+ lo8er S8it$ increasingN

Non-ferrous allo+s l Cu Mg etc.;No fatigue li(it

atigue strengt$

Stress le?el at 8inc$ failure occurs for s,ecifie! V of c+cles

atigue life

V of c+cles to cause failure at s,ecifie! stress le?el

B+,es of stress con!ition affecting fatigue be$a?ior Elastic an! ,lastic !efor(ation

S(allerNfor failure N"&4-"&5c+cles;

Lo8-c+cle fatigue

Elastic !efor(ation onl+

Larger N for failure NW"&4-"&5c+cles;

*ig$-c+cle fatigue

33


34/54

S-NCur?e II

S-Ncur?es are statistical b+ nature

P: ,robabilit+ of failure

t S13& 9,si

" failure at "&c+cles

5& failure at 2"&%c+cles


35/54

racture Boug$ness I

More on fracture (ec$anics

R(WW R&!ue to stress

concentratorKtcrac9 fla8

etc.; Crac9 ,ro,agates if R(W

critical stress Rc;

R

c

Q P (ore resistance tocrac9 ,ro,agation fracture

toug$ness Q;

2/1

2

=a

sc E

E1 (o!ulus of elasticit+

gs1 s,ecific surface energ+

re,lace! b+ gsgp,lastic

!efor(ation energ+;

ott

om K=

=2/1

2 a


36/54

racture Boug$ness Best

racture toug$ness

Materials resistance to brittle fracture

Crac9 gro8t$ 8$en

#lane strain fracture toug$ness

2/12

= as

c

E

E1 (o!ulus of elasticit+

gs1 s,ecific surface energ+

re,lace! b+ gsgp,lastic

!efor(ation energ+;

Kc 1 aY

K XKc

KIc 1 aY

Mo!e I Mo!e II Mo!e III

ott

om K=

=2/1

2 a


37/54

#lane Strain racture Boug$ness

#lane strain

fracturetoug$ness

KIc 1 aY

Mo!e I


38/54

I(,act racture Besting

racture toug$ness test #lane strain fracture test

I(,act energ+ test notc$ toug$ness;

I(,act fracture tests

Nor(al tensile test lo8 loa!ing rates;: Not goo! enoug$ for e?aluation of fracture be$a?ior un!er i(,act

C$osen to re,resent con!itions of

*ig$ strain loa!ing; rate $ig$ rate of !efor(ation;

Defor(ation at lo8 te(,eratures

Briaial stress state t$e ,resence of a notc$;

Stan!ar!i7e! tests

C$ar,+ test

I7o! test


39/54

Loa!ing


40/54

Be(,erature Effect

Ductile-to-brittle

transition

te(,erature DBB;

Bransitionte(,erature fro(

!uctile to brittle 8Y

B

Ser?ice te(,erature

s$oul! be $ig$er

t$an DBB

Ductilerittle


41/54

C$ar,+ Best

I(,act test

I(,act loa!ing

-notc$ in t$e sa(,le

C$ar,+ -notc$ CN; tec$ni6ue

I(,act loa!ing b+ 8eig$te!

,en!ulu( $a((er

h: initial $eig$t

h': final $eig$t after i(,act

h-h': energ+ absorbe! (easure of

i(,act energ+ absorbe!;;

I(,act energies are relati?eNot eas+ to co(,are !ifferent

(aterials

or DBB !eter(ination


42/54

Ductile-to-rittle Bransition I

B P i(,act energ+


43/54

Ductile-to-rittle Bransition II

DBB in steels

llo+ co(,ositions

Microstructures

CQ P strengt$ Q

DBB Q

DBB in (an+

cera(ics

er+ $ig$ DBBT"&&& ZC

rittle in


44/54

Strain *ar!ening

Metals

*ig$ strengt$

*ig$ !uctilit+

Strain $ar!ening

Strain $ar!ening Increase in R 8it$ [ b+

,lastic !efor(ation

!!itional safe factor in

structure More !ifficult in for(ing


45/54

Strain *ar!ening Mec$anis(

Strain $ar!ening

Dislocation !ensit+Q tangles

P !islocation (o?e(ent

Increase! interaction bet8een

!islocations usuall+

re,ulsi?e;

45


46/54

Col! =or9ing

or(ing

Col! 8or9: !efor(ation at roo( te(,erature C=

4


47/54

I(,act of Col! =or9ing I

CW y and TS but %EL

47


48/54

I(,act of Col! =or9ing II

=$at are t$e ?alues of +iel!

strengt$ tensile strengt$ !uctilit+ after col! 8or9ing Cu\

4


49/54

*eat Breat(ent fter Col! =or9ing

Col! 8or9ing *ar!er an! (ore

brittle

nnealing /oing bac9 to

before col! 8or9ing

Ste,s


50/54


51/54


52/54

/rain /ro8t$

Increase in grain si7e after recr+stalli7ation

S(all grains s$rin9 an! ulti(atel+ !isa,,ear;

Large grains continue to gro8

52


53/54

Structure an! #ro,ert+ C$ange !uring *eat Breat(ent

*eat treat(ent


54/54

materials science introduction ppt

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