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MATH 5400, History of MathematicsLecture 3: Roman, Byzantine and Arab Empires
Professor: Peter Gibson
http://people.math.yorku.ca/pcgibson/math5400
September 29, 2016
Leptis Magna
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Roman Empire 117AD
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Roman Empire 271AD
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Roman Empire 555 AD
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German invasions
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The Islamic conquest
Expansion under the Prophet Mohammad, 622-632
Expansion during the Patriarchal Caliphate, 632-661
Expansion during the Umayyad Caliphate, 661-750
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Both Euclid of Alexandria and Appolonius of Perga are known for havingeach authored a compilation of mathematics.
Euclid wrote the Elements, consisting of thirteen volumes mainlyconcerning geometry (but also other mathematics)
Appolonius is famous for the eight volumes entitled Conics
These works were highly influential in later eras.
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Ptolemy
After Euclid’s Elements the next important compilation of Greekmathematics from antiquity is Ptolemy’s Almagest.
Ptolemy of Alexandria (85-165AD) was known for
the Almagest, consisting of 13 books, coveringI geometrical theorems, trigonometric tablesI the motion of the sunI the moonI eclipsesI the fixed starsI the motion of the planets
Geography
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Ptolemy
After Euclid’s Elements the next important compilation of Greekmathematics from antiquity is Ptolemy’s Almagest.Ptolemy of Alexandria (85-165AD) was known for
the Almagest, consisting of 13 books, coveringI geometrical theorems, trigonometric tablesI the motion of the sunI the moonI eclipsesI the fixed starsI the motion of the planets
Geography
P. Gibson (YorkU) Math 5400 29.9.2016 9 / 11
The geocentric theory of Ptolemy held sway for 14 centuries, until thetime of Copernicus, who in 1543 proposed a heliocentric theory.(By contrast, Euclid’s Elements endure.)
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DiophantusDiophantus of Alexandria (c. 3rd century AD) is known for is compilation,entitled the Arithmetica, of 130 algebraic problems.
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