Math

Flat (100)

Rod (10)

Cube (1000)

Unit (1)

Whole Number: An integer which has 1 or more

units and can be positive or negative. A whole number doesn't contain a fraction.

Fraction: a part or piece of a whole

=1

Factor: numbers multiplied (x) to find a product (=).

Example: Factors of 16 are:

1, 16 2, 8 4, 4

Multiple: The multiples of a whole number (2,3,4, etc.) are

found by taking the product (X) of any counting number and that whole number.

Example 1: Find the multiples of the whole number 4.

Multiplication: 4 x 1 4 x 2 4 x 3 4 x 4 4 x 5 4 x 6 4 x 7 4 x 8

Multiples of 4: 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32

Standard Form: the number

Example: 1,234

Expanded Form: a way to write numbers to show the place value of each digit

Example: 1,000 + 200 + 30 + 4

Word Form: writing out a number using words

Example: one thousand, two hundred, thirty-four

Estimate: make a good guess

Ratio: relation between 2 things.

Shown using a colon :

Ratio of basketballs to goals is 6 : 2

Prime Number: a number that has only itself and one as factors.

Examples: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17

Composite: a number with more than 2 factors.

Example: 6 (factors are 1, 6 and 2,3)

Example: 15 (factors are 1, 15 and 3, 5)

Greater than

A comparison between two numbers that shows the greater amount.

5 > 4

3,245 > 3,159

Less than A comparison between two numbers that shows

the smaller amount

23,740 < 24,000

3/10 < 7/10

Equal to: Having the same value

372,910 = 372,910

½ = 5/10

Round: to find the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, etc.

Example: Round 372 to the nearest hundred

1. Find the digit in the hundreds place (3)2. Underline it3. Move one digit to the right (7)

“1-4 hit the floor” or “5-9 up the line”

4. Since the number is (7) round the (3) to a 4.5. The answer is 400.

Place: the location of a digit in a number.

Value: the value of the place of a digit in a number.

3,425,718

The value of the 4 is: 400,000

The value of the 1 is: 10

Odd Number: a whole number that ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 and can’t be divided by 2.

Example: 37 is odd

Even Number: a whole number that ends in 0,2,4,6, or 8 and can be divided by 2.

Example: 86

Fact Family: Number sentences that relate addition (+) and subtraction (-)

or multiplication (x) and division ( ).

6+8=14 8+6=14

14-6=8 14-6=8

7x5=35 5x7=35

35 7= 5 35 5=7

Commutative Property (addition and multiplication)

Changing the order of the addends does not change the sum.

3+7=10

7+3=10

Changing the order of numbers we multiply does not change

the product.

4x8=32

8x4=32

Sum-the answer to and addition problem 3+4=7

Difference- the answer to a subtraction problem 8-3=5

Product-the answer to a multiplication problem 4x5=20

Quotient- the answer to a division problem 30 5=6

Square Number: the product of a number multiplied by itself

6 x 6 = 36

8 x 8 = 64

3x 3 = 9

Pattern: a set of repeated numbers, shapes, letters…

3, 7, 11, 5, 19

aa b aa b aa b aa b aa b

∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊∆●◊

Equation: a math sentence stating that two expressions are equal.

14 + 8 = 22

14 + x =22

X =8

Ordered Pair: relationship between x and y on a plane (X, Y).

Example: (2,3) over 2, up 3

Input/ Output table:

Rule: X 4 Rule: X 6

5 30

6 36

2 12

4 24

5 208 322 87 283 12

Pictograph Bar Graph Pie Graph Line Graph Line Plot Tally Table

Shows info using pictures

Shows info using bars

(horizontal or vertical)

Shows info in a circle divided

into parts

Uses lines to connect data

A graph showing the frequency of

data on a number line.

Shows data using tally

marks

Data Displays: a way to represent facts or information

Working with Data

Mean (average): found by adding up the data and dividing by that number.

Median (middle number): found by putting data in order and locating the middle number. If there are 2-average them.

Mode (most often): the number that is seen the most in the data.

Example: 2 + 3 + 10 + 5 = 20 20 4= 5 5 is the mean

Example: 1, 4, 3, 6, 9, 2, 4

Put them in order: 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 6, 9

Find the middle number: 1,2,3,4,4,6,9

Example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7

Mode is 4 because that is the number seen the most.

Range (subtract highest and lowest): the difference between the highest and lowest number in the data.

Likelihood and Probability

Example: 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7Subtract highest (7) – lowest (1)Range is: 7- 1 = 6.

Impossible: an event will not happen (The day after Tuesday is Saturday.)

Unlikely: the event probably will not happen(It will snow in July in Florida.)

Equally likely: the event may or may not happen (You flip heads if you toss a coin.)

Likely: the event probably will happen (It will snow in January in Kentucky.)

Certain: the event will definitely happen(If you add 2 + 2 you will get 4.)

Probability: Possible total

The probability of spinning an even number (2, 4, 6, 8) is: 4/8 or ½ or 50%

Combinations: to find the total number of possible combos multiply the number of choices by each other.

Combinations: Blue shirt, brown shorts Blue shirt, grey shorts Green shirt, brown shorts Green shirt, grey shorts White shirt, brown shorts

White shirt, grey shorts

3 x 2 = 6 combinations

Shirt ShortsBlue BrownGreen GreyWhite

Fraction:

Fractions that are equal:½ = 2/4, 3/6, 4/8¼ = 2/8, 3/12, 4/16¾ = 6/8, 9/12, 12/16

To find an equivalent fraction remember that what you do to the top, you must do to the bottom.

Decimals:

Read as: seventeen and five hundred, ninety-one thousandths

To measure Unit of measurement Tools usedLength Inches, feet, yards, miles,

centimeters, meters, kilometers…

Ruler, yard stick, measuring tape, odometer

Weight Grams, ounces, pounds, tons…

Scale

Temperature Degrees (Celsius and Fahrenheit)

Thermometer

Time Seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, months…

Clock

Liquid capacity Cups, gallons, quarts, liters… Measuring cups, etc.

Commons Conversions:

Length Weight Time Liquid12 inches (in) = 1 foot (ft)

36 inches = 3 feet = 1 yard

5, 280 feet = 1 mile

16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lbs)

2000 pounds = 1 ton

60 seconds = 1 minute

60 minutes = 1 hour

24 hours = 1 day

7 days= 1 week

52 weeks = 1 year

2 cups = 1 pint

2 pints = 1 quart

4 quarts = 1 gallon

Types of angles:Right Angle Acute Angle Obtuse Angle

equal to 90 ° Less than 90° More than 90 but less than 180°

2-D GeometryLine Line Segment Ray Perpendicula

r LinesParallel Lines Intersecting

Lines

a straight figure that goes on forever

Part of a line with two end points

A line that extends from a point

Lines that cross to form four right angles

Lines that never intersect

Lines that cross

Measuring Circles:

Diameter: the distance across a circleCircumference: the distance around a circle measured by the Diameter (D) x ∏=CRadius: the distance from the center of a circle to the edge. The radius x 2 = diameter

Triangles can be measured in two ways:

1. by their sides2. by their angles

BY THEIR SIDES

Scalene - no congruent sides.

             

Isosceles - two congruent sides.(DF = FE)

Equilateral - three congruent                sides.

BY THEIR ANGLES

 

Acute - all angles measure less          than 90º.

Right - one angle measures          exactly 90º.

Obtuse - one angle measures            more than 90º.

Parts of a 3-D shape:

TranslationsFaces Edges Vertex

5 9 6