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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
GROUP MEMBERS: LEE JO YEE (0314880),
KHOR SEEM LENG (0315208),
KIMBERLEY EE SZE ANN (0315319),
DANIESH ASHIK (0315256),
LIEW YONG SHENG (0315108),
PENG YIAP SENG (0315359).
MATHEMATICS (MATH0103)
LECTURER: ANN SEE PENG
SUBMISSION DATE: 24/1/2014
1
Table of Contents
Title Page Number
Contents 1
Introduction 2
Objectives 3
Methodology 4
Survey forms
Analysis 5
Conclusion 20
2
Introduction
The study examined the idealism of teenagers. Two hundred participants were given separate
questionnaire forms based on their sex that is, one hundred questionnaires for males and one
hundred questionnaires for females.
The purpose of the survey was to identify male and female teenagers’ ideal concept of
themselves and also their ideal concept of the opposite sex. The questions asked were strictly
based on physical appearance only.
In order to discover the participants ideal concept of themselves, they are first asked to answer
their current weight, height, sex, body shape hair style, eye colour and hair colour. Later, they are
asked to answer their ideal weight, height, sex, body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour.
Finally, in order to discover participants ideal concept of the opposite sex, they are asked to
answer the ideal weight, height, sex, body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour they
expect in the opposite sex.
3
Objectives
• To identify male teenager’s ideal concept of themselves ( ideal weight, height, sex, body
shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).
• To identify female teenagers ideal concept of themselves ( ideal weight, height, sex, body
shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).
• To identify male teenagers ideal concept of the opposite sex ( ideal weight, height, sex,
body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).
• To identify female teenagers ideal concepf of the opposite sex( ideal weight, height, sex,
body shape, hair style, eye colour and hair colour).
4
Methodology
Two hundred university students participated in this study. One hundred participants
were male and the other hudred were female. The survey was carried out in Taylor’s
University Lakeside Campus.
Giving out survey forms in the classroom.
A participant filling in a survey form.
5
Analysis
Analysis of Male Participants
Question 1: Current Weight
Based on the graph above, the best measure of central tendency to be used is mean. The reason for this is because the data are roughly symmetric and have no outliers.
Calculation of mean:
Weight (kg) Frequency (f)
Midpoint (x)
fx
31-45 0 38 0 46-60 34 53 1462 61-85 58 73 4234 86-100 8 93 744 ∑f=100 ∑fx=6440
Mean = ∑fx/∑f = 6440/100 = 64.4kg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
31-45 46-60 61-85 86-100
Freq
uenc
y
Weight (kg)
Current Weight of Male Participants
Male
6
Question 2: Ideal Weight
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Weight (kg) Frequency Cumulative Frequency
31-45 1 1 46-60 33 (34) 61-85 (61) 95 86-100 4 99 Others 1 100
Median = 60.5 + [(100/2 - 34)/61] (25) = 67.06kg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
31-45 46-60 61-85 86-100 Others
Freq
uenc
y
Weight (kg)
Ideal Weight of Male Participants
Male
7
Question 3: Current Height
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Height (cm) Frequency Cumulative Frequency
140-150 0 0 151-160 6 (6) 161-170 (48) 54 171-180 18 72 181 - 190 28 100
Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 6)/48] (10) = 169.67cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 190
Freq
uenc
y
Height
Current Height of Male Participants
Male
8
Question 4: Ideal Height
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Height (cm) Frequency Cumulative Frequency
140-150 1 1 151-160 1 2 161-170 25 27 171-180 18 (45) 181 - 190 (55) 100
Median = 180.5 + [(100/2 - 45)/55] (10) = 181.41cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 190
Freq
uenc
y
Height (cm)
Ideal Height of Male Participants
Male
9
Analysis of Female Participants
Question 1: Current Weight
Based on the graph above, the best measure of central tendency to be used is mean. The reason for this is because the data are roughly symmetric and have no outliers.
Calculation of mean:
Weight (kg)
Frequency (f)
Midpoint (x)
fx
31-40 37 35.5 1313.5 41-50 45 45.5 2047.5 51-60 17 55.5 943.5 61-70 1 65.5 65.5 ∑f=100 ∑fx=4370
Mean = ∑fx/∑f = 4370/100 = 43.7kg
05
101520253035404550
31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
Freq
uenc
y
Weight (kg)
Current Weight of Female Participants
Female
10
Question 2: Ideal Weight
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Weight (kg)
Frequency Cumulative Frequency
31-40 1 (1) 41-50 (62) 63 51-60 35 98 61-70 2 100
Median = 40.5 + [(100/2 - 1)/62] (10) = 48.40kg
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70
Freq
uenc
y
Weight (kg)
Ideal Weight of Female Participants
Female
11
Question 3: Current Height
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Height (cm)
Frequency Cumulative Frequency
140-150 2 2 151-160 40 (42) 161-170 (52) 94 171-180 3 97 181 - 190 3 100
Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 42)/52] (10) = 162.04cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 190
Freq
uenc
y
Height (cm)
Current Height of Female Participants
Female
12
Question 4: Ideal Height
Based on the graph above, the median is the best measure of central tendency because the data are very skew. A large number of outliers exist.
Calculation of median:
Height (cm)
Frequency Cumulative Frequency
140-150 1 1 151-160 11 (12) 161-170 (73) 85 171-180 3 88 181 - 190 12 100
Median = 160.5 + [(100/2 - 12)/73] (10) = 165.71cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
140-150 151-160 161-170 171-180 181 - 190
Freq
uenc
y
Height (cm)
Ideal Height of Female Participants
Female
13
Analysis of Male and Female Participants
The following questions consist of categorical data. Therefore, the best way to analyse the following data is to identify the mode, thus identifying the most common category.
Question 7: Current Body Shape
Mode = Trapezium body shape. Mode = Hourglass body shape.
Question 8: Ideal Body Shape
Mode = Trapezium body shape. Mode = Hourglass body shape.
3%
19%
26% 38%
14%
Current Body Shape of Male Participants
Triangle
InvertedTriangleSquare
Trapezium
16%
18%
34%
18%
14%
Current Body Shape of Female Participants
InvertedTriangleSquare
Hourglass
Triangle
0%
54%
10%
35%
1%
Ideal Body Shape of Male Participants
Triangle
InvertedTriangleSquare
Trapezium
7% 12%
44%
37%
0%
Ideal Body Shape of Female Participants
InvertedTriangleSquare
Hour glass
Triangle
14
Question 9: Current Hairstyle
Mode: Spiky hair. Mode: Shoulder length hair.
Question 10: Ideal Hairstyle
Mode: Spiky hair Mode: Wavy long hair.
20%
15% 51%
10% 4%
Current Hair Style of Male Participants
Shaved Head
Curly Long
Spiky
Medium Length
Wavy Long
4%
37%
32%
26%
1%
Current Hairstyle of Female Participants
Pixie
ShoulderlengthWavy long
Straight long
16%
15%
47%
7% 15%
Ideal Hairstyle of Male Participants
Shaved Head
Curly Long
Spiky
Medium Length
Wavy Long
10%
11%
39%
38%
2%
Current Hairstyle of Female Participants
Pixie
ShoulderlengthWavy long
Straight long
15
Question 11: Current Eye Colour
Mode = Black eyes. Mode: Black eyes.
Question 12: Ideal Eye Colour
Mode = Brown eyes. Mode: Brown eyes.
60%
37%
1% 1% 1%
Current Eye Colour of Male Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Others64%
34%
1% 0% 1%
Current Eye Colour of Female Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Other
21%
39% 9% 7%
24%
Ideal Eye Colour of Male Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Others
27%
51%
3% 11% 8%
Ideal Eye Colour of Female Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Other
16
Question 13: Current Hair Colour
Mode = Black hair. Mode: Black Hair
Question 14: Ideal Hair Colour
Mode = Black hair Mode: Brown hair
80%
18%
0% 1% 1%
Current Hair Colour of Male Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Others
45%
44%
5% 0% 6%
Current Hair Colour of Female Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Other
44%
30%
6%
12%
8%
Ideal Hair Colour of Male Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Others
34%
38%
13%
11%
4%
Ideal Hair Colour of Female Participants
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Other
17
Question 15: Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex
Mode = 61-85kg Mode =61-85kg
Question 16: Ideal Height of Opposite Sex
Mode = 161-170cm Mode = 160-170cm
2%
41%
49%
7%
1%
Male's Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex
31 – 45
46 – 60
61 – 85
86 – 100
Others
0%
15%
78%
6%
1%
Female's Ideal Weight of Opposite Sex
31-45
46-60
61-85
86-100
Other
2%
41%
49%
1% 7%
Male's Ideal Height of Opposite Sex
141 – 150
151 – 160
161 – 170
171 - 180
181 - 190
0% 3%
26%
10% 61%
Female's Ideal Height of Opposite Sex
140-150
150-160
160-170
170-180
180-190
18
Question 17: Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex
Mode = Square. Mode: Trapezium.
Question 18: Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex
Mode: Wavy long hair. Mode: Spiky hair.
0%
37%
18%
45%
0%
Female's Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex
Triangle
InvertedTriangleSquare
Trapezium
Oval
16%
12%
58%
9%
5%
Male's Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex
Pixie
ShoulderLengthWavy Long
Straight Long
Curly Bob
5%
20%
16% 57%
2%
Female's Ideal Hairstyle of Opposite Sex
Shaved Head
Curly Long
Spiky
Medium Length
Wavy Long
7% 4%
53%
34%
2%
Male's Ideal Body Shape of Opposite Sex
Triangle
InvertedTriangleSquare
Trapezium
Oval
19
Question 19: Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex
Mode = Brown eyes. Mode: Brown eyes.
Question 20: Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex
Mode = Black hair. Mode: Black hair.
36%
43%
2% 11% 8%
Male's Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Others
33%
46%
2% 16%
3%
Female's Ideal Eye Colour of Opposite Sex
Black
Brown
Red
Green
Other
49%
35%
3% 9%
4%
Male's Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Others
49%
44%
1% 5% 1%
Female's Ideal Hair Colour of Opposite Sex
Black
Brown
Red
Blonde
Other
20
Conclusion
In conclusion, we can further analyse our data starting with the difference in median of current
and ideal weight and height of both gender. The difference in median of weight in female which
is 4.7 is higher than the median in male which is 2.7. In the meantime, the difference in median
of height in female is 3.67 while in male is 23.94. This evidently that female have a greater goal
when it comes to weight but male have a greater goal when it comes to height. We further
proceed by calculating the difference in the frequency of the modal class in both current and
ideal weight and height of both gender. The result of the calculation shows that female have a
difference of 17 in the difference of frequency in weight while male have a difference of 3. Also,
female have a greater difference of frequency in modal class which is 21 while male only have
the difference of 7. This proves that a lot of female have a demand to change both their weight
and height where as most male are already satisfied with their current weight and height.
Furthermore, we can also observe that when the subject of body shape comes into questions both
the male and female participants have mostly achieved their ideal body shape and are
comfortable with their bodies. As for hair style, most males already posses their ideal hairstyle
whereas females do not. However, when it comes to eye colour most males and females have a
different ideal in mind from their natural eye colour. Lastly, it is also observed that most males
feel secure with there natural hair colour where as females do not share that security and invision
different ideals for themselves.
Moving on, we can observe the idealism of males and females of the opposite sex. The results
for ideal weight and height of males and females is very similair and the same can be said for
ideal hair colour and eye colour. This proves that teenagers, whether male or female have a very
specific ideal in mind when it comes to the opposite sex.
In closing, we can observe that male and female teenagers have different idealisms when it
comes to theselves. Males have insecurities when it comes to their height and always desire to be
taller. On the other hand, females find that weight is a greater issue and always desire to be
slimmer. Overall, we can also conclude that males are more secure with their current appearance
as compared to females.