maths statistics project

School of Architecture, Building & DesignFoundation in Natural and Built Environments

NAME OF MODULE: MATHEMATICS (MTH 30104)

PROJECT: STATISTICS

LECTURER: MS. ANN SEE PENG

SUBMISSION DATE: 1st JUNE 2015

GROUP MEMBERS / ID.: ABDULLAH MAMODE (0319562)

KIRALY RENAUD (0320322)

KODARUTH HUMAIRAA (0319356)

MUHAMMAD SHEIK IRFAAN YADUN (0319353)

ZOE LOW LI MIEN (0319444)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE NO.

A. INTRODUCTION 1

B. OBJECTIVE 2

C. METHODOLOGY 3 - 5

D. EMPTY SURVEY FORMS 6 - 7

RESPONDED SURVEY FORMS 8 - 208

E. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 209 - 229

F. CONCLUSION 230

INTRODUCTION

Statistics is a mathematical science which involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Statistical analysis helps to understand some process and possibly to make some predictions based on the understanding.

For this assignment, assuming that Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) engage us to conduct a survey. We were needed to study the understanding level of between female and male students in Taylor’s University aged 20 to 30, 30 to 40, 40 to 50 and others on one of the common chronic diseases in Malaysia. This survey focuses to compare how much male and female students understand about the diseases. In a group of five members, Abdullah Mamode, Kiraly Renaud, Kodaruth Humairaa, Muhammad Sheik Irfaan Yadun, Zoe Low Li Mien. We intended to do a survey based on the understanding level of females and males on the Eye Disease Cataracts.

Many people think that a cataract is a skin or a layer of tissue that grows over the eye. A cataract is the clouding of a part of the eye called the lens. Vision becomes blurred or dim because light cannot pass through the clouded lens. Over half of those over 60 have some cataract development and most cases can be treated successfully with surgery. In most cases, it is a degenerative change of the lens (an ageing process) as people get older. Until today, there is no medication or diet that effectively slows down or stops the development of cataract. The best solution to this problem is still surgery.

According to an article published in the January issue of Ophthalmology, trends in cataract surgery over the course of a 5-year period, from 2008 to 2012, show decreasing thresholds for surgery, decreasing surgical complication rates, and better visual outcomes. The analysis included outcomes from 137,524 cataract extractions from Malaysia. It does not cover refractive lens exchange. Mean age at the time of surgery is 64.6 years in Malaysia. The 5-year changes in preoperative visual acuity reached statistical significance. he percentage of eyes operated on with 20/200 vision or worse preoperatively decreased 6.3% in Malaysia.

Through this survey, we were able to identify the understanding level of males and females in Malaysia on Eye Disease Cataracts according to different groups of age. It successfully created awareness among them and highlighted that we should take this issue success seriously and be aware of it.

1

OBJECTIVE

This assignment gave us the opportunity to explore ways of collecting data and different types of organisation that we can use in statistical data. In addition, it enables us to apply the knowledge gained to analyse statistical data and draw conclusion from the data. The aim of this survey is to let us analyse and solve problems that involve various mathematical principles. For instance, we apply mathematical principles in Statistics like mean, frequency, median and etc… to get a more accurate result throughout this entire survey.

Furthermore, we got to identify the understanding level of females and males in Malaysia on the cause and effect of Eye Disease Cataracts and some other questions that are related to this issue. Moreover, this assignment allowed us to collect, organise, present and draw conclusion for simple statistical data. It enhances our communication skills as well. We developed this skill by distributing survey forms for others to fill. It also allowed us to understand more about the knowledge on the Eye Disease Cataracts. Most importantly, we chose to do this survey on the Eye Disease Cataract because even though this happens in old age people, so the new generations may take necessary precautions to prevent it from happening in the future.

2

METHODOLOGY

We carried out the questionnaire survey as from 14th of May 2015 until 20th of May 2014. The questionnaires were distributed to a total of 150 students. All of them did it on a hard copy questionnaire as we didn’t thought of having any online survey. The questionnaires were distributed all around Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. For instance, we distributed the questionnaires on level 2 of Block B, Block C, Block D and Block E

Survey taken at Block B Level 2

3

Survey taken at Block C, D and E Level 2

Tabulating the survey reports

4

Making Report on the Laptop

Making Infographic Presentation Board

5

EMPTY SURVEY FORM

Mathematics’ Final Project

Survey Form

This survey is based on Cataracts Eye Disease and this survey is to be used as our Statistics Project for Mathematics.

Gender: Male / Female Age Group: 20 – 30 / 30 – 40 / 40 – 50 / Others

Questionnaire about Cataracts

Circle your answer

1. Which age group do you think Cataracts are most likely to happen?

A. Below than 40 years old B. Above than 50 years old

2. What do you think causes Cataracts?

A. Old age B. Too much of drinking and smoking C. More exposure to radiation D. Eye injuries E. All of the above

3. How can people prevent themselves from obtaining this disease?

A. Wear sunglasses B. Smoke less often B. Eat more vegetables C. All of the Above

4. Which gender do you think are most likely to have Cataracts?

A. Female B. Male C. Both

5. How do you think cataracts can be cured?

A. Recognised Treatment B. Effective Treatment C. Surgery

6. How many percent of people are able to regain good vision?

A. 0% - 30% B. 31% - 73% C. 74% - 89% D. 90% - 100%

7. What are the symptoms of cataracts?

A. Poor Night Vision B. Double vision in one eye C. Sensitivity to light and glare D. Fading or yellowing of colours E. All of the above

8. For over how many years has implantation of plastic lenses for cataract surgery been practiced?

A. 30 Years B. 25 Years C. 20 Years D. 10 Years E. 5 Years

9. What may happen after months or years of a cataract surgery?

A. Nothing at all B. Lose Sight Forever C. Deterioration of vision

10. How many types of cataracts are there?

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

11. Cataract affects which part of the eyes?

A. Retina B. Lens C. Cornea D. Vitreous

12. What is the recovery time following a cataract surgery?

A. 2 – 3 Weeks B. 2 – 3 Months C. 2 – 3 Days D. 2 – 3 Years

13. When should one undergo cataract surgery?

A. Wait for it to mature B. When there is difficulty in vision C. All of the above D. None of the above

14. In which of the following are glasses required for near vision after cataract surgery?

A. Multifocal IOL B. Accomodative IOL C. Monovision IOL for distance correction D. Monovision for near correction

15. What is the most common cause of reduced vision after cataract surgery?

A. After cataract B. Refractive error C. Inflammation D. All of the above

16. Cataract surgeries are performed by?

A. Ocularist B. Optometrist C. Ophthalmologist D. Otorhinologist

17. What is not true about cataracts?

A. Causes pain in the eye B. Impairs eyesight C. Is a common eye ailment D. Its surgery is a short and relative easy process

18. A cataract is a clouding of the clear lens in the eye

A. True B. False

19. Do you think this cataracts disease is

A. Common B. Uncommon C. Rare

20. Are cataracts linked to diabetes?

A. Yes B. No

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Gender: Male and Female

Male Female

44.50% 55.50%

44.50%

55.50%

MaleFemale

The figure shows the percentage of males and females based on the 200 survey participants in Taylor’s University Lakeside Campus. 44.5% are of males and 55.5% are of females who have contributed to the results shown on the pie chart above.

For males: (89/200) x 100 = 44.5%

For females: (111/200) x 100 = 55.5%

209

Question 1: Which age group do you think Cataracts are most likely to happen?

A B0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber

of P

artic

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The figure shows that both males and females understand that cataracts are most likely to happen in the age group of above 50 years old with 50 males and 86 females which sums up to a total of 68% out of 200 participants

Males + Females = (50 + 86)/200 = 0.68

Percentage of correct answer: 0.68 x 100 = 68%

210

A BMale 39 50

Female 25 86

Question 2: What do you think causes Cataracts?

A B C D E0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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The figure shows that the females understand more than the males as more female gave the right answer which is A whereas more males answered to answer E with 34 females to answer A and 30 males to answer E which makes a percentage of 17% for females with the right answer. Combining both males and females with the right answer sums up with 27%.

Females: (34/200) x 100 = 17%

Males and Females: [(34+20)/200] x 100 = 27%

211

A B C D EMale 20 15 19 9 30

Female 34 11 23 10 33

Question 3: How can people prevent themselves from obtaining this disease?

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows that how much the participants understand of what measures they should take to prevent from obtaining cataracts. From the numbers, it can be seen that the females understand more that wearing sunglasses will reduce or prevent from obtaining cataracts with 28 participants out of 200 which makes a percentage of 14%. Summing up the right answer for both males and females is equal to 13 and 28 respectively which sum up to 41 participants out of 200 which make a percentage of 20.5%.

Females: (28/200) x 100 = 14%

Males and Females: [(13+28)/200] x 100 = 20.5%

212

A B C DMale 13 22 25 29

Female 28 19 26 26

Question 4: Which gender do you think are most likely to have Cataracts?

A B CMale 11 20 58

Female 18 23 70

A B C0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MaleFemale

Anwers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows that how much the participants know that both genders are most likely to have cataracts, as this not only either for males or for females. Hence more than half of the participants got the right answer.

Males and Females Right Answer: [(20+23)/200] x 100 = 21.5%

Females Most Answered Answer: (70/200) x 100 = 35%

Males and Females Most Answered Answer: [(70+58)/200] x 100 = 64%

213

Question 5: How do you think cataracts can be cured?

A B C0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

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ants

The figure shows that most of the participants in both gender males and females understand that cataracts eye disease can be cured only by surgery. 46 males out of 89 and 51 females out of 111 have had the correct answer which makes a percentage of 23% for males and 25.5% for females summing up at 48.5% who answered the correct answer out of the 200 participants.


214

A B CMale 16 27 46

Female 19 41 51

Question 6: How many percent of people are able to regain good vision?

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows that the participants are not really aware that surgery for cataract actually gets more that 90% of people to regain good vision. But instead most of the participant both males and females thinks that only 31% to 73% of patients regain good vision. The percentage of males and females who gave answer B is 39.5% and the percentage of people who had the right answer is 14.5% which 9% is of females.

Males and Females most answered answer: [(38+41)/200] x 100 = 39.5%


Females Right Answer: (18/200) x 100 = 9%

215

A B C DMale 16 38 24 11

Female 17 41 34 18

Question 7: What are the symptoms of cataracts?

A B C D E0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows that both genders understand that what the symptoms of cataracts are. But the females understand more than the males as more females gave the right answer compared to the number of males giving the right answer are the same with those who gave answer B. Percentage of both gender giving the right answer is 26.5% which are 22 males and 31 females out of 200 participants. Percentage of female with right answer is 15.5%.

Males and Females Correct Answer: [(22+31)/200] x 100 = 26.5%

Females with Correct Answer: (31/200) x 100 = 15.5%

216

A B C D EMale 11 22 15 19 22

Female 20 25 9 26 31

Question 8: For over how many years has implantation of plastic lenses for cataract surgery been practiced?

A B C D E0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows that the participants are not well aware of how long have cataracts is existed and the implantation of plastic lenses for cataract surgery have been practiced very few of the 200 participants gave the right answer which is 9 males and 10 females. Sum up to a percentage of 9.5% only knows that it’s been 30 years that this has been practiced for recovery from cataracts. Most answered by both males and females are 20 years which sums up to 33.5% which are 16% and 17.5% respectively.


Females Correct Answer: (10/200) x 100 = 5%

Males and Females Most Answered Answer: [(32+35)/200] x 100 = 33.5%

Females Most Answered Answer: (35/200) x 100 = 17.5%

217

A B C D EMale 9 16 32 18 14

Female 10 23 35 33 10

Question 9: What may happen after months or years of a cataract surgery?

A B C0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows both genders understand clearly that after months or years of a cataract surgery, deterioration in vision may happen rather than nothing at all or losing the sight forever. This result to 52 males and 58 females out of 200 participants who gave the right answer and the percentage is 55% which 29% are females.

Males and Females Correct Answer: [(52+58)/200] x 100 = 55%


218

A B CMale 17 20 52

Female 24 29 58

Question 10: How many types of cataracts are there?

A B C D E0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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f Par

ticip

ants

The figure shows clearly that more of the participants know that there are 3 types of cataracts most of the genders who knows more is the females. In all, there are 30 males and 37 females out of 200 participants who got the right answer. Their percentage is 33.5% which of these the females percentage is 18.5%.


Females Correct Answer: (37/200) x 100 = 18.5%

219

A B C D EMale 24 14 30 10 11

Female 18 23 37 19 14

Question 11: Cataract affects which part of the eyes?

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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The figure shows that the females understand more that it is the lens that gets affected in the eyes. As for the males they answered less to the correct answer and gave more wrong answer. Percentage for both males and females for correct answer is 26.5% which of females is 19.5%. Percentage for most answered answer by males is 12% which is C the cornea.



Males Most Answered Answer: (24/200) x 100 = 12%

220

Question 12: What is the recovery time following a cataract surgery?

A B C DMale 23 14 24 20

Female 28 39 36 8

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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of P

artic

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The figure shows clearly that the participants don’t know what the recovery time of a cataract surgery is. Because both males and females gave very less response to the correct answer which is 2 – 3 days. Percentage for both genders with correct answer is 11% for which male percentage is 5.5%. Answer which got more response from both genders are A and B which are 2 – 3 weeks and 2 – 3 months respectively. And B is mostly answered with a percentage of 40.5% of which females is 23.5%.





221

Question 13: When should one undergo cataract surgery?

A B C DMale 30 34 11 14

Female 39 47 11 14

A B C D0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

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ants

The figure shows that half of the participants understand clearly when someone should undergo a cataract surgery. Percentage of females with the correct answer is 29%



222

Question 14: In which of the following are glasses required for near vision after cataract surgery?

A B C DMale 13 42 18 16

Female 12 58 16 25

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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of P

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The figure shows the correct answer falling on the 3rd position. The most answer given is answer B with 31 males and 31 females which makes a percentage of 31.5% of which 16% is of males. The correct answer has a percentage of 25% of which female is 14.5%





223

Question 15: What is the most common cause of reduced vision after cataract surgery?

A B C DMale 15 32 21 21

Female 19 31 29 32

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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of P

artic

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The figure shows the knowledge of the participants of what is the cause of reduced vision after a cataract surgery. The answer was D, but most of them gave the answer B. Percentage for most answered answer which is B is 35% of which females is 18.5%. Percentage for correct answer is 24.5% of which females is 14%.





224

Question 16: Cataract surgeries are performed by?

A B C DMale 16 33 19 21

Female 19 37 27 28

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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This figure shows clearly that most of the female participants are aware of who performs cataracts surgery. This show a percentage of 22% of females out of 111 whereas males with only 10.5% out of 89. Most answer given by males is B with a percentage of 16%.




Males Most Answered Answer: (32/200) x 100 = 16%

225

Question 17: What is not true about cataracts?

A B C DMale 26 32 21 19

Female 21 36 44 10

A B C D0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MaleFemale

Answers

num

ber o

f Par

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This figure shows that the people don’t know much about the cataracts. Most answer came from both males and females which is the cataracts surgery is fast and easy is not true. And the correct answer got the lesser response from males than females with a percentage of 21% of which 12% is females.




Females Most Answered Answer: (36/200) x 100 = 18%

226

Question 18: A cataract is a clouding of the clear lens in the eye?

A B C DMale 18 22 20 29

Female 24 21 30 36

A B0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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This figure shows that more than half of the participants are aware that Cataract is a clouding of the clear lens in the eye. Correct answer is with a percentage of 64.5% of which females is 37.5%



227

Question 19: Do you think this cataracts disease is

A BMale 54 35

Female 75 36

A B C0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

ber o

f Par

ticip

ants

This figure shows that the participant understood that cataract is a common disease in Malaysia since he interview was most among Malaysian students. More than half of the participant got the right answer and its percentage is 54.5% of which 31% is females.


Females Right Answer: (62/200) x 100 = 31%

228

Question 20: Are cataracts linked to diabetes?

A B CMale 47 22 20

Female 62 24 25

A BMale 28 61

Female 38 73

A B0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

MaleFemale

Answers

Num

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This figure shows that the participants don’t know that in some ways cataract is linked with diabetes as symptoms of diabetes include blurry of vision. Percentage for right answer of both males and females is 33% of which females is 19%.


Females Correct Answer: (38/200) x 100= 19%

229

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the major purpose of this survey was to create awareness among individuals in Malaysia as well as students on chronic diseases that may lead to death. Through the survey, we have tested the understanding level of all the participants on their own knowledge for Cataracts Eye Disease. Not only do they need to know about cataracts, but in addition, they must also know a bit of other chronic diseases as the saying goes, “Prevention is better than cure!”

When we first started to figure out what to put in the questionnaire, we had no idea at all on cataracts. After doing some research, we gained a lot of knowledge on Cataracts Eye Disease basically the facts of it. We have learned that there are three types of cataracts. It is a clouding in the clear lens of the eye that is the lens in the eyes that gets affected. This mostly happen with the old age people starting above the 40 years of age. As there is difficulty in vision, that individual must go for a scan, and undergo the surgery as soon as possible if he is diagnosed with cataracts.

From this survey, we have learned a lot of things such as working as a team, collecting data, analysing survey forms, tabulating data, converting data into charts, be able to apply statistics principle in calculation, writing a report, first and foremost, design an infographic poster.

Through this survey, we hope that more and more people will be aware of the Cataracts Eye Disease. Last but not least, measures will be taken by each individual so that the risk of getting cataracts becomes lesser and lesser in Malaysia and around the world.

230

maths statistics project

Education

cataract surgery

statistical analysis

cataract development

development of cataract

statistical data

cataract extractions

understanding level

understanding level