Matter ~13.8 Billion Years Ago

Sedat Altınpınar

Visit of Oslo Students at CERN , 7.5.13

Motivation

Going deeper in structure…

Standard Model

Strong Interaction is different...

VEM(r)(eV)

r (nm)

Vstrong(r)(GeV)

r (fm)

Quark - QuarkElectron - Proton

krr

c34

rV sstrong h

)(r

crVEM

)(

From Infrared to Ultraviolet

Infrared slavery

Ultraviolet Behaviour

Nobel 2004Gross, Wilczek, Politzer

Does it exist in nature

?

QGP

We can recreate it: LHC @ CERN

4 LHC Experiments

Nucleus-Nucleus Collision

ALICE

Event in ALICE

How to study matter ?

Properties of matter: Conductivity, color, density, phase states, magnetism,…

Example method: Partonic energy loss, ergo kind of finding a Bethe-Bloch for partons.

Probe: Quarks.

For example energy loss of heavy quarks (c and b) delivers important informations about the Quark-Gluon Plasma.

Measurement: Yields of electrons originating from hadrons and hadrons themselves containing heavy quarks like D0(c, u(bar)), B0(b(bar), u),...

The Observable RAA

Nucleus-Nucleus Collision

Proton-Proton Collision

Baseline of RAA

RAA the Nuclear Modification Factor

Hydrodynamics -> Elliptic flow v2

x

pyy

x x

py

x

pyy

xInteractions among the produced particles: Pressure gradients generate positive elliptic flow v2

...)2cos2cos21(2

121

vv

d

dN

x

yz

x

yz

x

yz

x

yz

x

yz

x

yz

It’s liquid !

Phase Diagram of Nuclear Matter

Thank you for listening

And many other observables and ideas