matter - dorettaagostine.com 2 ss.pdf · a mixture is a physical blend of two or more substances....
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Matter
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Matter is anything that
has mass and takes up
space.
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Mass is the amount of
matter that an object
contains.
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Mass is the amount of matter
Weight is the force of gravity
on an object
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Is the amount of space
an object takes up
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Matter that is uniform and has
a definite composition is
called a substance
Pure substances = one type of
matter
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Solid
Liquid
Gas
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◦Has a definite shape
◦Has a definite volume
◦Does not take the shape of its
container.
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◦Form of matter that flows
◦Fixed volume
◦Takes the shape of its container
◦Most are incompressible
◦Do expand when they are heated
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Take the shape of their
container
Take the volume its container
Are compressible
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What is the difference between a gas and vapor?
Gases: are a gas at room temperature
Vapors: gaseous state of a substance that is normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
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A quality or condition of a
substance that can be observed
or measured without changing
the substance’s composition.
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Melting point
Boiling point
Density
Color
Solubility
Odor
Hardness
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A physical change is one that alters a
given material WITHOUT changing
its composition, such as:
◦Cutting
◦Grinding
◦Bending
◦Melting/freezing (change of state)
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Are the following pure
substances? Lemonade
Ice
Table salt
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A mixture is a physical blend of two or
more substances.
There are two kinds of mixtures:
Heterogeneous: not uniform in
composition
Homogeneous: completely uniform in
composition. “Solution” is the special
name given to homogeneous mixtures.
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Any part of a system that is uniform
in composition is called a phase.
A homogeneous mixture (solution)
has one phase. Something with
two or more phases is
heterogeneous.
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Solutions form in all three states.
Gaseous solutions- air is an example. Air
acts as the solvent as liquids evaporate.
Liquid solutions- soft drinks and many
other examples exist in everyday life.
Solid solutions- alloys are solid solutions
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A heterogeneous mixture in which
the particles are so large that they
can be seen and will settle out unless
the mixture is stirred or agitated.
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The simplest form of matter
that can exist under normal
conditions
The building blocks for all
other substances
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Can be separated into simpler substances
◦Only by chemical means
◦Ex. Burning sugar-
Before the sugar is cooked it is a
compound, after, it is just an element
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When one or more substances
form into a new substance or
new substances
Example: rust
◦Iron + O2 → iron oxide (rust)
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Two sides to a chemical
reaction
The reactants, or the starting
substances
The products, substances that
are formed
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The ability of a substance to
undergo a chemical reaction and
to form new substances
◦Chemical properties are only
observed when there is a
chemical change
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Energy change (+ or -)
Color change
Odor change
Solid formed
Liquid formed
Gas formed
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Chemical changes may only be
reversed by a chemical means
Physical changes may be reversed
because they do not involve a change
in composition
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The law of conservation of mass:
states that in any physical change
or chemical reaction, mass is
neither created nor destroyed, it is
conserved
The mass of the reactants equals
the mass of the products