Chapter 1Introduction to Matter

Matter is the “stuff” that makes up everything in the universe

Anything that takes up space and has massAir, books, milk, statues, fruit, baseball,

flowers

Section 1: Describing MatterWhat is Matter?

A quality of a substance that never changes and can be used to identify the substance. Examples: Density, Boiling point, Melting point, Freezing point,

chemical activity

Boiling Point (temperature at which a liquid boils)Pure water has a boiling point of 100°C or

214°FMelting Point (temperature at which a solid

melts)Ice has a melting point of 0°C or 32°F

What are Characteristic Properties?

Physical ChangeAlter the form of a

substance, but not its identity

One or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances.

Chemical activity – the ability to undergo a specific chemical change

Changes in Matter

Chemical Change

Physical Change

Identify the changes in matter. Drag the changes into the appropriate box.

Chemical Change

Heating water on a stove turning it into water vapor

Heating an ice cube turning it into water

Placing water into a freezer turning it into ice

Tearing paperMixing sugar and water

Burning paper Heating sugar turning it into caramel

MixturesA mixture consists of

two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined

Orange juice, grape juice

Sea Water is a solution

Solution = “best-mixed” of all possible mixtures (sugar water and salt water)

A pure substance is made of only one kind of matter and had definite properties

Elements and Compounds

Types of MatterMatter can be classified into two general categories:

Pure Substances

HeterogeneousMixtures in which

the substances do not spread out evenly.

Mixtures in which substances are spread evenly throughout,

Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Identify whethere the following mixtures are heterogeneous or homogenoeous . Drag the mixtures into the appropriate box.

Homogeneous

Flat soda pop

soilmayonnaise

Black coffeeBeach sand

Oil and vinegar salad dressing

Chocolate chip ice cream

Vegetable soup

alcohol

Sugar water

Sugar

Spaghetti sauce

iron

paint

Aluminum foil

City air

ElementsA pure substance

that can not be broken down into other substances by any chemical means

Carbon, iron, copper, nitrogen, aluminum, etc.

A compound is a substance formed from chemical combination of two or more different elements

Water: H2OCarbon Dioxide: CO2Sugar: C12H22O11Salt: NaCl

Pure Substances

Compounds

Measuring Matter

Section 2

MassAmount of matter an

object containsMass remains the

same throughout the universe

Instrument: Triple beam balance

Units: gram

Measure of force of gravity on an object

Since weight depends on gravity, weight will change when you move around the universe

Instrument: Spring Scale

Units: Newton

Mass Verses Weight

Weight

Regular shaped object For regular shaped objects the

volume can be calculated mathematically

Units: cm3 (mL)For Rectangular

objects and cubesV=LxWxH

For irregular shaped objects the volume can be found using water displacement

Units: mL (cm3) Fill graduated cylinder half

way and record volume. Place object in graduated cylinder and record the volume of the displaced water. Subtract the original volume from the new volume to find the volume of the object in mLs.

Volume: the amount of space an object takes up

Irregular shape object

Density is the measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume.

To calculate density of an object, divide its mass by its volume.

Density = massVolume

Units for density: g/mL or g/cm3

The density for pure water is 1.0 g/mL

Density

A small cube of wood has a side that measures 3cm and has a mass of 540 grams. What is the density of the cube and will it float in water?

Density Practice Problems…..

Atoms are the smallest particles of an element

Democritus – suggested that there were smallest possible “pieces” of everything and that theses pieces couldn’t be divided any further

Dalton proposed the atomic theory Atoms can’t be broken into smaller pieces In any element, all the atoms are exactly alike Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form

compounds Atoms of each element have a unique mass The masses of the elements in a compound are always in a

constant ratio

Section 3: Particles of Matter

a MOLECULE is a group of atoms joined together and act as a single unit

A CHEMICAL BOND is the force that hold two atoms together

Water : H2O is a molecule

Atoms and molecules today