Matter Objectives

(A) compare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of compressibility, structure, shape, and volume

(B) differentiate between physical and chemical changes and properties

(C) identify extensive and intensive properties

(D) classify matter as pure substances or mixtures through investigation of their properties.

What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Examples:Water, Person, Building, Cup, Air

3 States of Matter 1. Solids Definite volume and shape Rigid Structure due to closely packed particles

2. LiquidsDefinite volume but indefinite shapeParticles move because they are less closely packedExpand to fit containers

3. Gas No definite volume or shape Particles move fast because they are very loosely packed

Expand to fill space and exert pressure

Change in the state of matter Solid

Liquid Melting

Freezing

Condensing

Boiling Sublimation

Desublimation

Gas

Matter has properties

Properties: The unique character or way matter reacts

Two types of properties: PHYSICAL CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

- Characteristics that make up the physical composition of the sample

-Can be seen without changing the substance

Examples: color, density, melting point, boiling point

INTENSIVE vs. EXTENSIVEPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

- Physical properties can be separated into two categories:

EXTENSIVE Depend on the amount of matter present

Examples: Volume, Mass

INTENSIVE Independent from the amount of matter present

Examples:Color, Boiling Point, Texture, Conductivity, Density

PHYSICAL CHANGES EXAMPLES

MELTING

FREEZING

CONDENSING

BOILING SUBLIMATION

DESUBLIMATION

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

-Characteristics of matter when it is mixed with another type of matter

-Behavior of matter when it is mixed with something else

Examples: reactivity, flammability, toxicity

CHEMICAL CHANGES EXAMPLES

• BURNING (matter mixed with oxygen)

• RUSTING (iron mixing with oxygen and water)

• COOKING/BAKING

Types of Matter

Mixtures: (can be separated)A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each

of which keep their own identity and properties Examples: sugar water, blood

Pure Substances: (can’t be separated)Every sample of the substance has the same

composition and characteristics Examples: gold, water

Types of Mixtures

Homogeneous mixtures: Uniform throughout, called solutions

Examples: air, sugar water

Heterogeneous mixtures: NOT uniform throughout

Examples: blood, wood

Types of Pure Substances

Elements: (Can’t be broken down into simpler substances)Made up of only one kind of atomExamples: Gold, Carbon

Compounds: (Can be be broken down into simpler substances)

Two or more elements that are chemically bondedExamples: water, sucrose