MatterPhysical Science

VHHS

What is matter?

• Anything that has mass and takes up space.• What do we use to measure mass?

– Balance– What are the units associated with mass?

• Grams

• Do these have matter?– Air inside of a Balloon

• Air has mass and fills the balloon = must be matter • Therefore, gases have mass and take up space

– Bottle of Water– Cube

• What are all of these made of?– Atoms

Not Matter• What then is not matter?

– Light• It is Energy• Doesn’t take up space and has no mass

– Thoughts– Waves

• Light waves, sound waves, water waves• Moving energy, no mass or volume

Atoms• All matter is made of atoms• To make a substance, atoms are arranged

in a certain way.• The arrangement determines the

properties of that substance. • What kinds of properties are there?

Properties of Matter• Shape• Color• Texture• Odor• Luster• Transparency• Density• Size• Volume

• Mass• Melting Point• Boiling Point• Freezing Point• Hardness• Resistance• Flammable• Will every substance have all

of these properties?

Properties of Matter• Conductivity

– Will it conduct electricity?

• Magnetism• Solubility

– Will it dissolve in water?

• Brittleness– Is the lead brittle?

• Insulator• Are there more?• Yes• You should be able to

list at least 7.

Property•Is the absence of a property a property?

•The lack of it is just as good as having it.

•Example –

•Odor – lack of odor is a property

•Luster – lack of luster is a property

Luster! Lack of Luster

Determines?• What determines the properties of matter?

– The arrangement of atoms– If you change the arrangement of atoms you

might change the properties it has.– Example: Sodium Chloride (table salt)

• Sodium by itself is explosive in water • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=354832403

7963437051&q=sodium+explosion&hl=en• Chlorine is a poisonous gas• When you rearrange the atoms together you get:

TABLE SALT

Scribble on a piece of paper• What is graphite made of?

– Layers of Carbon – Element #6

• Graphite comes off in layers• It is soft – that is why it

comes off

Another Substance Made of Carbon

• What is another substance made of Carbon?

• Graphite = Carbon• Charcoal = Carbon – burn for

fuel• Diamond = Carbon – very very

hard

The Difference…

• The difference between pencil graphite, coal, and a diamond is the arrangement of atoms.

• Manmade diamonds are industrial made – used on drill bits, saws, etc

Bucky Ball• Newly discovered molecular structure of

carbon• No uses for it yet• Currently working on medical uses

Phases of Matter

Phases of MatterPhases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Solid• Does a solid have a definite volume?• Yes• A definite shape?• Yes• Motion of particles?• Yes

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid

Gas

Plasma

Three Beakers• Lets draw what the atoms look like in a

solid

•Atoms Spaced close together

•Vibrate in place

Liquid• Blue liquid in a bottle• Can I compress it? • No • Therefore definite volume• Pouring liquid out• Definite shape?• No

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas

Plasma

• Lets Draw what the atoms look like in a liquid

Three Beakers

•Move freely

•Constantly touching

Gas

• Balloon• Push and squeeze it• Will it move?• Yes• Therefore, no definite shape• Put air in syringe• Can I compress it?• Yes• Therefore, empty space in between particles

and no definite volume

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact

Plasma

Three Beakers• Let’s Draw what the atoms look like in a

gas

•Spaced far apart

•Fast moving

•Bump into each other

Plasma

• Examples of plasma• Sun• Stars• Only exists at high temperatures• Definite Volume?• Yes• Definite Shape?• No• Speed of molecules?• Very Very Fast

Phases Of Matter

Definite Volume

Shape Motion of Particles

Solid Yes Yes Vibrate

Liquid Yes No Moves Freely-Constant Contact

Gas No No Random – Fast motion – Collisions not in constant contact

Plasma Yes No Very Very Fast

Three Beakers

Solid Liquid Gas

Physical ChangeWhat is it?• When matter undergoes a change in size,

shape, or phase (state of matter).• Rip paper• Twist paper• You still have paper• Blow up balloon – size change, shape change.• Pop it – still a balloon• Did it change chemically?• No

In Review• Matter is anything that has mass and takes

up space• Matter has unique properties• These properties are determined by how

the atoms are arranged• Matter comes in 4 phases, solid, liquid, gas,

and plasma• Solids= definite shape and volume• Liquids = definite volume, no definite shape• Gas = no definite shape or volume• Plasma = definite volume, no definite

shape• Matter can change phases or states

Chemical Change• A new substance formed with new properties• Paper • Color, texture, odor, shape, volume, mass• What is rust?• Iron and Oxygen• Limestone and Acid• Gas (Bubbles)

Elements, Compounds, Mixtures

Properties of a Compound

• The components of a compound do not retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt - NaCl - is absolutely essential to life.

• It takes a large amount of energy to separate the components of a compound.

Examples of a Compound• Water - H2O

• Salt - NaCl

• Sugar - C12H22O11

Properties of Mixtures• Each of its components retains its

characteristic properties. • Its components are easily separated.

Examples of Mixtures• Air• Soil• Ocean Water