Matter– Properties and ChangesMatter– Properties and Changes

By Maureen WickenheiserBy Maureen Wickenheiser

Introductory LabIntroductory Lab

Your science team will be given a ping-Your science team will be given a ping-pong ball and a golf ballpong ball and a golf ball

You will write down their similarities and You will write down their similarities and differencesdifferences

Question: Since both balls are made of Question: Since both balls are made of plastic, will both balls float in water?plastic, will both balls float in water?

Hypothesis: If…then…becauseHypothesis: If…then…because

Key VocabularyKey Vocabulary

Physical propertyPhysical property

DensityDensity

State of matterState of matter

Size dependent Size dependent propertyproperty

Size independent Size independent propertyproperty

Chemical propertyChemical property

saltssalts

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

Reactivity Reactivity

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

A characteristic of matter than can be observed without A characteristic of matter than can be observed without changing the identity of the matterchanging the identity of the matterCommon Examples: Common Examples: – MassMass– VolumeVolume– DensityDensity– Melting pointMelting point– Boiling pointBoiling point– Freezing pointFreezing point– ColorColor– ShapeShape– SmellSmell– Taste Taste

DensityDensity

The amount of mass in a given volumeThe amount of mass in a given volume

A golf ball is more dense than a ping-pong A golf ball is more dense than a ping-pong ball so the golf ball sinks in water and the ball so the golf ball sinks in water and the ping-pong ball floatsping-pong ball floats

Density = mass/volumeDensity = mass/volume

State of MatterState of Matter

Whether matter is in Whether matter is in solid, liquid, gas, or solid, liquid, gas, or plasma formplasma form

Properties related to sizeProperties related to size

Size-dependent properties- change with Size-dependent properties- change with the size of a substancethe size of a substance– Volume and massVolume and mass

Size-Independent properties- do not Size-Independent properties- do not change with the change in size of a change with the change in size of a substancesubstance– densitydensity

pH ScalepH Scale

pH is the measure of Hydronium Ions pH is the measure of Hydronium Ions present in a substance…sounds more present in a substance…sounds more complicated than it is…complicated than it is…

pH is measured on a scale of 1-14pH is measured on a scale of 1-14– 1 is extremely acidic and 14 is extremely 1 is extremely acidic and 14 is extremely

basicbasic– 7 is neutral7 is neutral

Each integer is an increase of 10XEach integer is an increase of 10X

Properties of AcidsProperties of Acids

What do you think of when you hear the What do you think of when you hear the word ACID?word ACID?

Acids are in some foods we eat and others Acids are in some foods we eat and others can severely harm youcan severely harm you

Every time you eat citrus you eat acid Every time you eat citrus you eat acid (ascorbic acid)(ascorbic acid)

What taste does a lemon have?What taste does a lemon have?

Properties of BasesProperties of Bases

Have you ever accidentally eaten soap?Have you ever accidentally eaten soap?– What did it taste like?What did it taste like?

Bases have a bitter taste and are slipperyBases have a bitter taste and are slippery

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Characteristic of matter that allows it to Characteristic of matter that allows it to change to a different type of matterchange to a different type of matter

What happens when you strike a match?What happens when you strike a match?

What happens when you leave an apple What happens when you leave an apple on the counter?on the counter?

ReactivityReactivity

How easily a How easily a chemical reacts with chemical reacts with another chemicalanother chemicalIron rusts easily due Iron rusts easily due to its high reactivity to its high reactivity with oxygen with oxygen Gold and silver have Gold and silver have low reactivity and low reactivity and therefore are ideal for therefore are ideal for jewelryjewelry

Chemical Properties of AcidsChemical Properties of Acids

React with/corrode React with/corrode metalsmetals

Can harm body tissueCan harm body tissue

Chemical Properties of BasesChemical Properties of Bases

Can damage living Can damage living tissuetissue

If inhaled can cause If inhaled can cause nose to bleednose to bleed

Feels slippery to the Feels slippery to the touch because it touch because it reacts with proteins in reacts with proteins in the skinthe skin

SaltsSalts

Compounds made of a metal and non-Compounds made of a metal and non-metal that is a result of an acid-base metal that is a result of an acid-base reactionreaction

Table Salt (sodium chloride) is made from Table Salt (sodium chloride) is made from a reaction of Hydrochloric acid and a reaction of Hydrochloric acid and Sodium HydroxideSodium Hydroxide

FoldableFoldable

Make a Shutter-Fold Make a Shutter-Fold

Cut 6 shutters on each sideCut 6 shutters on each side

High-five the first shutter closedHigh-five the first shutter closed

Label that shutter “ACIDS” on the left and Label that shutter “ACIDS” on the left and “BASES” on the right“BASES” on the right

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Any change in shape, Any change in shape, size, form, or state size, form, or state where the identity of where the identity of matter remains the matter remains the samesame

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

Occurs when one Occurs when one type of matter type of matter changes into another changes into another kind of matter with kind of matter with new propertiesnew properties

Examples: Examples: Photosynthesis, rust, Photosynthesis, rust, silver tarnishing, silver tarnishing,

Signs of a chemical changeSigns of a chemical change

LightLight

HeatHeat

SoundSound

Gas bubblesGas bubbles

Visible gasVisible gas

Precipitate- a solid that forms as a result of Precipitate- a solid that forms as a result of a chemical reactiona chemical reaction

Changes in NatureChanges in Nature

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes– Physical weatheringPhysical weathering

Responsible for most of Responsible for most of the shape of Earth’s the shape of Earth’s surfacesurface

Gravity, plants, Gravity, plants, animals, and animals, and earthquakes all earthquakes all contribute to physical contribute to physical weatheringweathering

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes– Chemical weatheringChemical weathering

Formation of stalactitesFormation of stalactites

Acid rainAcid rain

Poster AssignmentPoster Assignment

Make a poster showing physical and Make a poster showing physical and chemical properties. Include labels of the chemical properties. Include labels of the type of property being shown. You must type of property being shown. You must have 5 chemical and 5 physical properties have 5 chemical and 5 physical properties on your poster. You need to draw a picture on your poster. You need to draw a picture for each property. Example: luster as a for each property. Example: luster as a physical property-draw a shiny metal physical property-draw a shiny metal object or a diamond.object or a diamond.