Matter - Review

Modified True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

____ 1. Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance. _________________________

____ 2. When a gas condenses to a liquid it absorbs heat from its surroundings. _________________________

____ 3. The rate of evaporation of a liquid decreases as the temperature decreases. _________________________

____ 4. A(n) liquid does not have a definite shape, but it does have a definite volume. _________________________

____ 5. Particles in a liquid move around just as freely as particles in a solid. _________________________

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 6. The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance is the ____.a. temperature c. thermal energyb. heat d. kinetic energy

____ 7. The freezing point of a substance is ____ the melting point of the same substance.a. greater than c. equal tob. less than d. unrelated to

____ 8. Kinetic energy is the ____ of motion.a. temperature c. heatb. energy d. state

____ 9. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's ____.a. resistance to flow c. average kinetic energyb. adhesive forces d. buoyancy

____ 10. For most substances, the distance between particles is smallest when the substance ____.a. exists as a gas c. exists as a crystalline solidb. exists as a liquid d. exists as an amorphous solid

____ 11. A solid is a state of matter that has a(n)a. indefinite volume and an indefinite shape.b. definite volume and a definite shape.c. definite volume and an indefinite shape.d. indefinite volume and a definite shape.

____ 12. The resistance of a liquid to flowing is itsa. pressure.

b. temperature.c. viscosity.d. volume.

____ 13. Particles of a liquida. are tightly packed together and stay in a fixed position.b. have no viscosity.c. decrease in volume with increasing temperature.d. are free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another.

____ 14. In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them?a. crystalb. liquidc. gasd. solid

____ 15. During the process of sublimation,a. a solid turns directly into a gas.b. a solid turns into a liquid.c. a gas turns directly into a solid.d. a liquid turns into a gas.

____ 16. The change from liquid to solid, or the reverse of melting, is calleda. condensation.b. boiling.c. sublimation.d. freezing.

____ 17. The freezing point of water is the same as itsa. melting point.b. boiling point.c. sublimation point.d. evaporation point.

____ 18. What is vaporization?a. a gas becoming a liquidb. a liquid becoming a solidc. a gas becoming a solidd. a liquid becoming a gas

____ 19. An uncovered pot of soup is simmering on a stove, and there are water droplets on the wall above the back of the stove. What sequence can you infer has occurred?a. melting, then boilingb. freezing, then thawingc. vaporization, then condensationd. condensation, then vaporization

____ 20. The opposite of vaporization is calleda. condensation.b. sublimation.

c. evaporation.d. freezing.

____ 21. In which state of matter are particles packed tightly together in fixed positions?a. gasb. solidc. liquidd. compound

CompletionComplete each sentence or statement.

22. To calculate the density of a sample of matter, you must divide its ____________________ by its ____________________.

23. The change in state from a gas to a liquid is called ____________________.

24. The temperature at which ice changes into liquid water is called its ____________________.

25. Heat is the ____________________ of thermal energy from a higher temperature to a lower temperature.

26. Vaporization is when a ____________________ changes into a ____________________.

27. A shrinking puddle is an example of ____________________, or vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid.

28. When a substance cools, it loses ____________________ energy to its surroundings.

29. ____________________ occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.

30. ____________________ is a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.

31. ____________________ occurs when a liquid changes to a gas below its surface as well as at the surface.

32. The temperature of a substance increases when the ____________________ energy of the substance increases.

1. Matter is defined as ________________________________________________.

2. Matter can be classified as either a pure substance or ______________________.

3. _______________ and ________________ can be classified as pure substances.

4. ____________ have only one type of atom while compounds have 2 or more types of atoms bonded together.

5. Mixtures can be classified as being either ___________________ or __________________.

6. A _________________________ mixture, also referred to as a solution, has a uniform composi-tion.

7. A ________________________ mixture is NOT uniform in composition and has visible parts.

8. Unlike a pure substance, a mixture can be physically separated. Identify the following separa-tion techniques:

a. _____________________ solid part is trapped by filter paper while the liquid portion runs through

b. _____________________liquid is poured off after solid has settled to the bottom.

c. _____________________liquid portion is evaporated off to leave the solid

d. ____________________a machine that spins a sample very fast to separate components with

different densities

e. ___________________used to separate mixtures using a special paper and a solvent as differ-ent parts of the mixture move quicker on the paper than others

f. ___________________ mixture of liquids may be separated based on the boiling points

9. A __________________ change does not change the identity of the substances

10. A ______________________change occurs when a new substance is formed. It is also irre-versible.

11. All changes of state are ________________________ changes.

12. Identify as a solid, liquid, gas. More than one answer is possible.

(a) definite shape: ____________________________________________________

(b) definite volume: ___________________________________________________

(c) strong attractive forces:______________________________________________

Identify each of the following as an element, compound, homogeneous or heterogeneous mix-ture

1.) Mercury _____________________________

2.) Table salt _____________________________

3.) Pure water _____________________________

4.) concrete _____________________________

5.) Household vinegar _____________________________

6.) Air _____________________________

7.) blood _____________________________

8.) Iron _____________________________

9.) Carbon dioxide _____________________________

10.) Vegetable soup _____________________________

Identify as a Physical or a chemical changes

11.) Breaking a pencil into 5 pieces ___________________________

12.) Milk turning sour ___________________________

13.) Digesting an apple ___________________________

14.) Melting steel and reforming it into a piece of pipe ___________________________

15.) Lighting a match ___________________________