Matters of the HeartSwallowable Capsule Technology

Final Presentation

Presented By:Cimoya Collins Gilbert Hopkins Michelle Lilley Ashley Wells

Presented On: Wednesday, April 18th, 2012

Outline of Presentation ContentsBackground Our ProblemCurrent Status of ArtDesign RequirementsSolution ApproachTask and Project ManagementCost and ResourcesResultsConclusion

BackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) diseases are ailments that affect over 3 million people in the United States aloneEndoscopy procedures can detect:

ulcersabnormal growthsprecancerous conditionsbowel obstructioninflammationhiatal hernia

Problem Formulation

Risk of Endoscopy Procedure:

InvasiveUse of anesthesiaMay cause bleeding due to a puncture of esophagus or stomach lining

Average Cost for Endoscopic Procedure: $2700

Problem Definition

To design a large prototype of a swallowable pill that will:

Give a more accurate diagnosis than endoscopy procedure Eliminate the need for the endoscopy procedure

Prototype will focus primarily on two classes of diseases:

Vascular and blood related Cholesterol Levels, Stomach (Internal) Bleeding

Digestive related Stomach ulcers, Acidity in stomach

Current Status of ArtIngestible Thermometer Pill

Developed at John Hopkins University with NASA supportCame to be known as CorTemp

Olympus Optical (Imaging)Used a magnetic field outside of the body to control

trackingIssues: improper illumination and capsule needed to be

opened to retrieve imagesPillCam

Developed by Given Imaging which was founded by Dr. Gavriel D. MeronAlso developed PillCam SB, PillCam ESO, PillCam COLON 2, and PillCam Express

Current Status of ArtEndoCapsule (Olympus)

Available in Australia and New ZealandPortable data recorder

RF System Labs(Nagano, Japan)Norika 3 RF Endoscopic Robot Capsule “battery free”Sayaka: wide angle lens

MicroCam (IntroMedic; Seoul)2007 approval from Korean FDAHuman body communication

Design Requirements For Actual “Real-Life” Swallowable Capsule:

SizeAccording to Food Drug Administration (FDA) the size of a pill capsule is given the following credentials:

Length 15mmWidth 1 cm

Communication StandardsMedical Implant Communication Service: Operations in the 402-405 MHz rangeIndustrial Scientific and Medical bands such as 433.92 MHz are acceptable

RegulationsFDA - 21 CFR Part 50 – Protection of Human Subjects HHS – Title 45 Part 46 – Protection of Human Subjects in testingROHS – Restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, such as:

LeadMercuryCadmium

Design Requirements For Large Prototype of Swallowable Capsule:

SizeDue to the delay of our EM250 kit, camera, and pH sensor we had to resort to a bigger prototype to implement our design

Material used: Acrylic and PlasticLength 12in. Width 4in.

Communication StandardsMedical Implant Communication Service: Operations in the 402-405 MHz rangeIEEE 802.15.4 which is the standard for Wireless Compliance

RegulationsNot swallowableCan not contain hazardous materials such as: Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium

Original ApproachThe Swallowable Capsule contains:

16 bit Microprocessor (EM250)Power Supply (as research shows a watch batter has been used as a source of power i.e. Eveready SR92W)Surface Mount Technology (SMT)pH Sensor used to determine pH level (chemical sensor to detect dissolved oxygen, and conductivity)Camera/Video Camera which will take still images as well as video segmentsMagnet used as a source to navigate the pill

Camera 16‐bit Microprocessor Power Supply

pH Sensor

Microcontroller

Final Solution ApproachThe Swallowable Capsule Prototype contains:

pH Probe

pH StampArduino BoardCamera

EM250 RCM

Power Supply

EM250 Breakout Board

Complete Schematic of Final Solution Implementation: pH Reading

1. Submerge probe in liquid

3. pH stamp sends reading to output console screen

4. Console screen will be saved to a file

2. pH stamp reads pH “signal”

Complete Schematic of Final Solution Implementation: Wireless Connection

1. Wireless signal is received by Radio Communication Module (RCM)

2. Data received over the wireless

network

3. Doctor station where all information is stored

for later review.

.

Task and Project ManagementTask Date of Task Assignment

Research Swallowable Capusle Technology October 2011

Evaluate Potential Solutions October/ November 2011

Select Best Solution for Problem November/ December 2011

Go to Nanotechnology Lab November/December/ January 2011

Develop Capsule February/ March 2011

Test Capsule March 2011

Original Cost and ResourcesItem Estimated Price Actual Price

EM‐250 Development Kit

$2500* $2500*

SMT Components (i.e. transistors,resistors)

$50

Fiber Optic Cables $25

Camera/Video Camera $10 $10

Pill Capsule $5 $5

pH Probe $ 55 $30

pH Stamp $25 $25

Cost of Etching $50

Arduino Board $55

Total $2720 $2625

Initial Configuration of all Breakout Boards and Adapters

Insight Desktop

Sink Breakout Board a.k.a. the Base Station

(“Doctor’s Office”)

Sensor Breakout Board a.k.a. the Swallowable Capsule

Set Up of Arduino UNO Board

BEFORE AFTER

Initialization of pH Stamp

For Future WorkMiniaturize large capsule prototypeImplement functioning cameraAdd LEDs for

Lighting (for camera usage)Ability to visualize blood within GI tract (better depiction of internal bleeding)

Conclusion

Accomplishment: To design a large prototype of a swallowable pill that will eliminate the need for an endoscopy procedure The Swallowable pill prototype focused primarily on:

Digestive related diseasesAcidity in stomach, stomach ulcers

AcknowledgmentsDr. Charles KimDr. Gary HarrisMr. James GriffinRavi JaglalChidi EkeochaMs. Nefertiti JacksonMs. Dezerine Wallen

2011-2012 EE/CpESenior Design ClassStaff of the Nanotechnology Lab, Howard UniversityElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Howard University