Accelerator developments

Restricted ECFA visit in France, Institut Henri Poincaré, Paris, March 15, 2013

Maud BAYLAC (IN2P3/LPSC) on behalf of the IN2P3 and Irfu accelerator community

Presentation overview • Accelerators in France

• CNRS/IN2P3 and CEA/Irfu : manpower & platforms • Operating accelerators in France

• Developments

• Driving forces and strategies • Particle sources • Hadronic accelerators

• SPIRAL2 • IFMIF-EVEDA • ESS • MYRRHA • FAIR

• Leptonic accelerators • XFEL • Super B • CLIC and ILC

• Superconducting magnet technology • CERN : French extra in kind contribution • Compact light source : THOM X • Laser plasma acceleration : CILEX

Very dense document to provide a complete overview to the committee Very fast presentation - 2 -

Accelerators at IN2P3 and Irfu

Orsay/Paris

• CNRS : IN2P3 - Institute for Nuclear and Particle Physics (2500 FTE, 22 labs)

• Accelerators within IN2P3: • 6 main laboratories nationwide • ~280 FTE, including ~100 for machines operation (7 research positions filled at IN2P3 since 2007)

Bordeaux

Nantes

Caen

In France (IN2P3 & Irfu) : ~5 faculty staff professors or equivalent (ie: academic PhD advisors)

• CEA : Irfu - Institute of Research into Fundamental laws of Universe (900 FTE, 1 site)

• Accelerators within Irfu: • One site : Paris Saclay • ~170 FTE, including medical & fusion applications

Strasbourg

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Grenoble

Institute of Research into the Fundamental laws of Universe

Astrophysics Space technologies

Accelerators, Supra. Magnets

Nuclear Physics Detectors, electronic, computing

Particle Physics Systems engineering

ARRONAX (Nantes)

ANAFIRE (Lyon) JANNUS (Orsay) AIFIRA (Bordeaux)

IN2P3 platforms for research & applications

SUPRAtech (Orsay)

Multiple applications accelerators Superconducting materials platform

CYRCé (Strasbourg)

Nuclear medicine and radiochemistry

Materials, radiobiology, environment

- 4 - + ALTO (Orsay) : RIB facility + PHIL (Orsay) : photoinjector

• Synergium of Paris Saclay campus (25000 m2) • Modularity to accomodate projects requirements

• Platforms for accelerator R&D (and accelerator sections under tests)

• High intensity source and IPHI injector • Superconducting RF cavity preparation and tests • Superconducting magnets developments and measurements

Irfu platforms for research & applications

IPHI (100 mA injector @ 100 keV)

SPIRAL2 cryomodule test SUPRAtech clean room

- 5 - Magnet windings bending tests

Main operating accelerators in France

• ESRF at Grenoble (French civil company), since 1994 • third generation synchrotron, 6 GeV • X-ray beam to 42 beamlines (insertions & bending magnets) • Upgrades underway : straight sections increased, HOM free cavities, solid state amplifiers, canted undulators, new linac pre-injector

• SOLEIL at Saclay (French civil company), since 2006 • third generation synchrotron, 2.75 GeV • X-ray beam to 35 beamlines (insertions & bending magnets) • R&D on ultrashort pulses, solid state amplifiers, undulators, power supplies, kickers

• GANIL at Caen, lab operated by CEA and CNRS, since 1983

• Heavy ion beams for physics, 5 cyclotrons : keV -100 MeV per nucleon • ISotope Separation On Line technique (SPIRAL1) since 2001 • Major upgrade underway : construction of SPIRAL2

SOLEIL

ESRF

Major challenge to operate GANIL along with construction of SPIRAL2 GANIL

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R&D : Driving forces and strategies

• Driving forces

• Higher intensity/luminosity

• Higher energy, high gradient

• Higher reliability

• Make accelerators available to society

• Strategies • Sustain R&D program • Participate in European R&D programs : EuCARD, MAX, … • Develop technological platforms • Participate to world class accelerator development & construction : SPIRAL2, ESS,

XFEL • Develop partnerships with CERN, DESY… & emerging countries in the field • Propose innovative accelerators for applications

7

Compact Xray source ThomX

ADS requirements

Superconducting RF Technology CLIC/CTF3 accelerating structures Laser/plasma acceleration

Particle sources Injectors

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POSITRAP (SOPHI)

Particle sources

• High intensity & reliable Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources, required for all high power hadronic machines (SPIRAL2, FAIR, IFMIF/EVEDA)

• Light ion sources : Irfu • Heavy ions sources, ECR charge breeding : IN2P3/LPSC

• Infrastructures and R&D for ECR sources (IN2P3/Irfu)

• Light ions : SILHI (100 mA, 95 keV), BETSI (10’s mA, 50 keV) • Heavy ions :

• PHOENIX sources (60 kV, e.g. 1 mA O6+) and charge breeder (1+/n+ conversion) • 60 GHz prototype with French high magnetic field laboratory (LNCMI)

• R&D on RFQ (Irfu)

• IPHI : front end demonstrator for IFMIF/EVEDA, ESS, NuFact, …

• Positron sources (IN2P3/Irfu) • Required for linear and circular colliders (intensity/emittance)

• Amorphous converter, e+ capture by deceleration studied • SOPHI : for the Gbar experiment

SILHI

60 GHz prototype

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In France : a joint project CEA / IN2P3 /GANIL Worldwide : CERN-ISOLDE, GSI, INFN, Russia, Poland, Roumania, Bulgaria

+ USA, Canada, Israel, India, China,Japan

Existing Ganil

SPIRAL2

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Superconducting LINAC 40 MeV d, 5 mA / 14 MeV/n ions

Ion Sources d / Heavy Ions

Experimental halls

Phase 1

Full commissionning : ~spring 2015

Experiment hall

Phase 2

Production building C converter and UCx target (≤ 1014 fissions/s)

Start of civil construction & equipment assembly : mid 2015

Phase 1 construction, May 2012

Phase 1 (stable beams) : construction

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SPIRAL2 driver (phase 1)

Both injectors commissionned off site

IN2P3/LPSC

Heavy ion injector

Irfu

p/D+ injector • Injectors

• p/D+ (Irfu) • heavy ions (IN2P3)

• SC linac

•12 cryomodules A (Irfu) • 7 cryomodules B (IN2P3) • 26 power couplers

Couplers

Qualification of both cryomodule types with couplers underway

Irfu IN2P3/IPNO

IN2P3/LPSC

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Radioactive ion beam production (phase 2) • Radioactive Ion Beam (RIB) production by ISOL technique

• Performances of target-source system RIB production, challenging R&D (IN2P3/IPNO)

• increasing uranium density • increasing fission product release within the target

• RIB facility ALTO (IN2P3/IPNO) : R&D on target-source systems

• Charge breeder (IN2P3/LPSC) : nuclear design and construction

Very important contribution of French labs to SPIRAL2 (phases 1&2) Development of skills and know-how, valuable for other projects

Coupling between modules (IN2P3/IPHC)

Charge breeder (IN2P3/LPSC)

• IFMIF: material irradiation facility (1017 n/s), 2 parallel linacs (D+, 125 mA, 40 MeV) • EVEDA: engineering & validation design, one linac (D+, 125 mA, 9 MeV, CW)

• Irfu in charge of overall accelerator coordination including beam dynamics & construction of a) the ion injector (125 mA D+) b) the high power RF tests c) the superconducting linac module d) the linac command-control

IFMIF-EVEDA

- 13 - Accelerator collaboration : Irfu, INFN (IT), CIEMAT (SP), SCK-CEN (BE), JAEA (JA)

IFMIF-EVEDA Prototype accelerator 1 MW beam

1 accelerator IFMIF

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R&D for IFMIF-EVEDA

HPR BCP treatment

Design of 8 cavity cryomodule being finalized

Record intensity of 130 mA Source to be sent to Japan

Chemistry + assembly of cavity prototype within clean room

D+ injector : design completed

cryomodule RFQ

Beam Dump HEBT

MEBT

Injector

LEBT h~2.8 m

w~2.0 m l~5 m

LIPAc general layout

ESS

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• ESS : European Spallation Source, research facility with neutrons • ESS linac : p, 50 mA, 2.5 GeV, 4% duty cycle 5 MW average power

• Long pulses (2.86 ms), low rep rate (14 Hz) • Low loss, high reliability (> 95%) • Modular design for future upgrades

ESS (Lund, Sweden) Preparation to build (2011-2016): Design update & prototyping

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R&D for ESS

Cavity prototypes

Elliptical Spoke

IPHI RFQ

Cryomodule technology demonstrator

• For the superconducting linac, Irfu and IN2P3 are in charge of

• Spoke cavities, cryomodules and power couplers (IN2P3) • RFQ, SC quadrupoles, high beta elliptical cavities, power couplers (Irfu) • Beam tests with IPHI (Irfu) • 352 MHz test facility (Irfu) • Development, manufacturing and tests of cryomodule technology demonstrator (Irfu)

• Redundant injector • Spare injector with fast switch • Minimum nb of components • Fault tolerance non applicable

MYRRHA

• Multi-Purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications, SCK-CEN (Belgium) • Accelerator Driven System (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation, operation ~2023 • Extremely challenging linac

• multi-MW beam : p, 600 MeV, 2.5 mA (up to 4 mA to compensate burn-up) • extreme reliability : less than 10 trips > 3 s within a 3 month cycle !!

• Modular linac • Fault tolerance : failing component quickly

replaced by neighboring component • Independently phased section - 17 -

MYRRHA beamline section

• R&D within FP7 program MAX (coordinated by IN2P3/IPNO) IN2P3, Irfu + IAP, SCK-CEN, UCL, TED, EA, ACS

• Accelerator design

design validation + accelerator-reactor interface • SC linac

Construction of Spoke cryomodule prototype Fault-tolerance testing on dedicated 700 MHz cryomodule

• Injector Construction of 1.5 MeV machine front end Prototyping of superconducting CH booster cavities

• Systems Reliability analyzis RF amplifiers, cryoplant, command-control

R&D for MYRRHA

• Low-power ADS mock-up GUINEVERE at SCK-CEN

• Dedicated to feasability and safety studies of ADS • Accelerator designed & constructed by IN2P3/LPSC • Coupled to low-power reactor since October 2011 • Presently under operation GUINEVERE ADS

Cryomodule prototype

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FAIR

SFRS dipole prototype by IMP, Lanzhou

Source LEBT RFQ CH-DTL BPM

- 19 -

• FAIR : Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (GSI)

• Within France-Germany agreement, French contribution (Irfu/IN2P3) being finalized • linac : construction of source + LEBT, magnets, cavities, BPM, RF power • Beamlines : SFRS Dipoles engineering

French contribution to XFEL • XFEL : Extremely Intense Xray production in DESY (Hamburg)

• Irfu (Saclay) : Integration of 83 cryomodules

• Cryomodules integrated in a new dedicated facility • Assembly in clean room of 83 cavity strings • Assembly of 83 cold masses in their vacuum vessel • Series operation sub-contracted to an industrial operator (ALSYOM, ALCEN group)

• IN2P3/LAL (Orsay) : Delivery of over 800 Couplers

• LAL hosts all the conditionning process • Contract attributed to a Thales / RI consortium • Couplers received, prepared, conditionned & sent for integration in the cryomodules

Couplers industrialization (Orsay) - 20 -

Integration of XFEL cryomodules (Saclay) • Each cavity string contains 8 cavities, 8 RF couplers , one quadrupole, one BPM and two vacuum valves

Transfer of cryomodule in clean room roll-out area

Transfer of cryomodule in RF coupler assembly area

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Super B project • High luminosity asymetric e+e- collider project for high precision B physics studies • Innovative accelerator scheme :

• Crab waist • optics & technologies similar to linear colliders • low wallplug power + re-use some PEPII equipments

• French participation to design (IN2P3: LAL, LAPP, LPSC) , CDR and TDR (being finalized)

• e+ source • Optics, MDI, spin tracking • Seismic evaluation of sites site choice, interaction point stability • Low level RF • Vacuum studies

• Since project termination, R&D must be re-oriented

• Under discussion

+ light source + SASE

SUPERB footprint - 22 -

CTF3

The CLIC-CTF3 R&D Program • CLIC (Compact Linear Collider) : study for a multiTeV high luminosity e+e- collider

• CTF3 (CLIC Test Facility 3) : CERN facility designed to test key concepts of CLIC (two-beam scheme, normal conducting high gradient cavities) • Collaboration Irfu, IN2P3/LAL and CERN :

• probe beam linac Califes operational since 2009 to test CLIC high gradient structures

• Two main R&D fields (IN2P3&Irfu) • high gradient 12 GHz RF accelerating structures • e- / e+ beams : production, stabilization, characterization & control, including at the IP

Accelerating Structures 3 GHz Diagnostics section Photo-injector (LAL Orsay)

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Accelerating gradient : 132 MV/m (80 MW, 240 ns pulse)

Few discharges : low energy dispersion

CTF3/CALIFES

CLIC structures Irfu-Mecachrome-Thales

CLIC : accelerating structures • Irfu developed new structures manufactured by Mecachrome (25 nm surface rugosity)

• The partnership has trained the industrial producer to a new machining technology

• Several 12 GHz CLIC cavities reached gradient > 100 MV/m with fairly low discharge rate (10-3 to 10-7 /pulse/m)

• 2012-2016 : prove technical feasibility

• Development plan over 10 years RF design : high gradient structures (SW) engineering high gradient copper cavities manufacturing high gradient copper cavities high power RF tests of 12 GHz cavities operation of accelerating cavities on CTF3

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Mechanical active stabilisation

CLIC : lepton beams • Stabilisation at the interaction point (IN2P3/LAPP)

• Final focus optical elements stabilisation • Sensor studies • Tests on a model : vibration integrated feedback studies

• Beam diagnostics and control at the IP (IN2P3 + CERN) • ACM : acquisition and control module for CLIC (LAPP) • Beam halo monitor at the IP of ATF2 final focus (LAL)

• Positron source (IN2P3) • Hybrid source scheme : materialization of photons produced by e- channeling in a

crystal (LAL, IPNL + Budker Institute) • Experiments at CERN (WA 103) and KEK validated the method • Source installed at KEK since 2006 :

• 30% luminosity increase reached • Granular target test foreseen

• CLIC (unpolarized) baseline production & capture scheme

Positron generation, capture and pre-acceleration

ACM for a BPM

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Nb, Pb

Insulating layers

High Tc SC (NbN,Nb3Sn…)

Courtesy of C.Ginsburg (FNAL)

Achieved > 50% TDP-1 goal

TDP-2 goal

ILC • ILC (International Linear Collider) : high luminosity linear e+e- collider project

• Main accelerator issues : • Acceptance rate of 35 MV/m gradient cavities • Organisation of series production (regional hubs) • Cryomodule cost reduction (~XFEL/2) • Worldwide governance

• Main R&D on cavities (Irfu-IN2P3)

• Vertical electropolishing and RF tests • High gradient cavity : thin film layers developments to overcome Nb limits

• new high Tc SC materials (HTS), eg : MgB2 • SC multilayer (screening of B field) • Combination of both

9-cell SRF cavities

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ILC series production

• In France, XFEL model (industrialization of couplers production & cryomodules integration) Industrial process mastered Infrastructures (conditioning, clean room, alignement, etc…) existing • R&D challenge for IN2P3-Irfu

• France to become a regional hub with XFEL infrastructures (Orsay and Saclay) • Support French/European industry (Thales, ALSYOM, SDMS, RI, Zanon, Plansee…)

• For 500 GeV ILC with ~2000 cryomodules:

• production goal : 2 cryomodules/week/hub 6 years for construction • For XFEL with 100 cryomodules :

• Production = 1 cryomodule/week • Infrastructures compatible w/ 2 cryomodule/week

Courtesy of A. Yamamoto

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Superconducting magnets

Financing via FP7 S-LHC CNI, HiLumi DS, EuCARD(2), in kind contribution to CERN

• Mainly 3 materials used in superconducting magnets : NbTi, Nb3Sn and HTS • NbTi (Tc = 9.5 K), Nb3Sn (Tc = 18.3 K) : high current, low field • HTS (Tc > 30 K) : high field, low current

• Challenges for large dimensions magnets (HL-LHC)

• Quadrupoles NbTi 8T at Φ=120 mm • Accelerator magnet technology in Nb3Sn

• Challenges for high field magnets (HE-LHC)

• HTS conductors and coils • Nb3Sn conductors and dipoles • Hybrid dipole design

• Major R&D field for Irfu, in collaboration with CERN • ~5 years for HL-LHC • x years for HE-LHC

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

y (m

m)

x (mm)

HTS

HTS

Nb3Snlow j

Nb-Ti

Nb-TiNb3Snlow j

Nb3Snlow j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Nb3Snhigh j

Hybrid dipole design

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Windings bending tests

France extra in-kind contribution to CERN

11.2 M€, ~471 person.month Irfu + IN2P3 (LAL, IPNO, LAPP, LPSC)

• Agreement for LHC construction CERN/CEA/CNRS 1996-2005, more specifically CEA/DAPNIA and CNRS/IN2P3/IPNO, related to :

• Quadrupole • Short Straight Section • Thermometer calibration

• New agreement for 2008-2013 (IN2P3, Irfu)

• LINAC4 • RFQ, buncher/debuncher RF amplifiers

• SPL • helium vessel, frequency tuners, couplers, cryostat

• Superconducting magnets • quadrupoles, conductors, coils

• CLIC • Beam instrumentation, 12 GHz cavities, IP vibration & stability studies

• PS2 Studies, PS windings, LHC vacuum vessel, connection cryostat

PS windings construction

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ThomX • ThomX : compact & intense Xray source for imaging based on Compton backscattering

• Compact e- storage ring coupled to optical cavity for light amplification (~2015) • Demonstrator for multiple possible applications

• Compact enough to be installed in hospital or museum

• IN2P3/LAL (~80% of project) + SOLEIL, Univ. Paris Sud, Celia, Thalès, Inst. Néel, ESRF,

CNRS LAMS, Inserm Grenoble, total ~1250 p.m (until 2020)

• Mainly financed by French EQUIPEX (Investissements d’avenir)

X rays ~ 45 keV

e-, 50 MeV, 20 MHz

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~ 70 m2

HE3: Laser

APOLLON 10 PW

fff HE0: Long focal

area

HE1: Short focal area

Tunnel ALS

CILEX

Laser-plasma acceleration

angl

e y’

énergie E

Bridgelab Symposium for Laser Acceleration, ROUTE TOWARD REALITY (2011)

• Acceleration by high gradient laser wakefield (dramatic decrease of accel. dimensions)

• State of the art: with Ti-Saph (100 TW, 30 fs) e- acceleration up to ~1 GeV energy dispersion ~ few % emittance ~ 2 mm.mrad • Centre Interdisciplinaire Lumière Extrême (CILEX)

• Laser Apollon 10 PW (20 M€), 2 exp halls (long/short focal), infrastructure (20 M€) • Investigation fields:

• e- acceleration • ion acceleration • XUV sources

• to be installed at Saclay for operation in 2015 • financed mainly by EQUIPEX • Partners : CNRS, CNRS/IN2P3/LAL-LLR, Univ. Paris Sud, CEA/Iramis/Irfu, SOLEIL

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Conclusions

• Construction activities currently more intensive than R&D : SPIRAL2, XFEL, IFMIF-EVEDA, ESS … • Construction of numerous machines consecrates R&D performed over the last ~10 years and strongly relies on in-kind contributions based on specific skills and know-how in our IN2P3 & Irfu community

• Clear road map for R&D, european programs are a vital part of these developments

• Major challenges ahead • superconductivity for accelerating structures and magnets • RF structures : SRF cavities and high gradient cavities for CLIC • high intensity hadrons sources and injectors • electron guns and innovative positron sources • laser-plasma acceleration • series production (cavity/couplers) for XFEL, a solid preparation for ILC

Thank you for your attention !

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Planning : phase 1 and 2

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NFS Experiments

I 2013 I 2014 I 2015 I 2016 I 2017 I

Stable ion beams for Experiments

LoI Day 1 SPIRAL2 Phase 2

Update

S3 Experiments PAC S3

PAC Phase 2

PAC NFS

Civil Construction Assembly and implementation of

equipment's Stage approach commissioning

Com.

Full Facility Com.

Com.

Design, R&D, Prototyping

Final Building

cost

Equip. cost

End APD

Civil Construction and assembly of equipment's Phase 2

RIB, DESIR

Construction decision Building Permit

Phase 1

Phase 2

2013

R&D

t0 + 5 to 8

Preliminary study

t0 + 10

Detailed study

t0 + 13

Construction

t0 + 18

Commissioning

t0 t0 + 20 years

Operation

IFMIF

Hadronic accelerators in 2013

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