Hello, I am Esther De Smet and I work as a senior policy advisor at the Research

Department of Ghent University.

Part of my expertise is research communication which is why professor Noterdaeme has

asked me to give you some tips

on maximizing the impact of your science acitivities by giving kick-ass presentations.

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Before I start I would like to acknowledge some people that have inspired my talk.

In my job I have learned to use Twitter as a research tool and I picked up a lot of

information this way.

But that’s another workshop…

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As a researcher you really can’t escape presentations – not just listening to them but

also giving them yourself.

If you want to submit your work to a conference, then you’ll need to be willing to

present (poster or paper).

Most job interviews will ask you to deliver a presentation.

You’ll also quite often give less formal talks as part of daily life in a research group

(project meetings, PhD training).

And of course lots of researchers also ‘present’ when they’re teaching. <CLICK>

So it’s important you develop and maintain skills in this area to add to your bag of

tricks.

Presentations have become one of the most important communication forums for the

scientific community.

More people will probably listen to your scientific talk than will read the paper you may

write.

In many ways your research reputation will be enhanced (or diminished) by your

scientific talk.

But although these research talks are abundant giving one yourself is not always an easy

thing to do. <CLICK>

For some people it’s a real nightmare!

It’s not a skill we get a lot of explicit guidance on as researchers, and that often we’re

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just doing the best we can in the time available.

And I know all advice is easier said than done – heck, even I don’t always follow my own

recommendations!

The tips I’ll be giving you in the next half hour are meant to be helpful suggestions, and

not a critique of anyone who does things differently.

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To make things easier I have clustered my advice into 10 tips – or in this case: 10

superheroes!

If you remember just half of these you’re on your way to become a kick-ass presentor.

Let’s start with number 1 <CLICK>

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Presenting goes a lot easier when you talk about stuff you know.

That’s why it’s important to use your expertise as the back-bone of your presentations –

whether you’re a junior or senior researcher.

But when the spotlight is on you, it's tempting to try to impress your audience with an

avalanche of data and plenty of bells and whistles.

Look how much work I've done! Nothing could be worse than this approach.

In fact, this is a common error, and you risk confusing people if you overwhelm them

with too much information.

Keep your talk short, simple, and to the point. It is not necessary to wow the audience

by giving them a minute-by-minute account of your prowess in the lab. Your main

message will just get lost in unnecessary details and digressions.

So remember:

• What is the overall aim of your presentation?

• Why have you been asked to present? What can you contribute to the event’s topic?

• What is the message people should take home?

• And how is this message tied in with your expertise?

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Which brings us to number 2.

Before you make even one slide, take some time to sketch out on paper the basic

structure of your presentation.

So, turn away from the computer and storyboard your talk.

That’s a great technique to make sure you have an appropriate framework for your talk

and a logical reason for any information you wish to present.

See https://medium.com/advice-and-help-in-authoring-a-phd-or-non-fiction/story-

boarding-research-b430cebd5ccd

At the same time, remember that talks are not a detective novel.

You don’t have to make the audience wait until the end to find out what the conclusion

is.

(This is actually more true the shorter the presentation is. If you’ve only got 5 minutes,

you need to give them the take home message really soon.)

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Another technique besides story-boarding that can really help you is story-telling.

You must accept that details important to you may not resonate with other people –

even other researchers.

Is there anything in your research which may though?

When considering this question, be honest with yourself, and try to embody someone

else who hasn’t spent years toiling over your niche subject area.

Once you find that potential point of connection, use it to hammer home a specific and

illustrative point.

Resist the temptation of covering too much of your research. Don’t get bogged down

in the details. Find that central image that people can connect with.

Rigorous researching and attention-grabbing storytelling are very different trades.

However, by finding that point of connection in your research you’ll go a long way.

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Story-telling means touching the head and heart of your listener by making your

research real and relatable.

So structure around meaning, and the big picture. Then support key ideas with details –

but not too much.

You can always use Q&A or follow-up for more details if necessary.

This slide shows some sound advice from TED talks.

However, kick-ass presentations like the ones you see at TED events have been resetting

expectations, even for scientific presentations.

And all this advice is great but what truly matters is finding something that you feel

comfortable with.

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Presenting talks is an art even more so than writing papers is.

Find your own style, by being inspired by those around you and representing who you

are as a scientist.

Be human. Be personable. Use anecdotes and stories.

A talk is not a paper.

It’s alright to have a script but try not to read from it during the presentation itself.

The trick to a relaxed delivery is to know your material well enough that you know what

to say without the need for prompts.

If you must have something to jog your memory, write some prompts on small index

cards using one or two keywords only (remember to mark the cards with the

appropriate slide number).

Still nervous? Practice! Start small but move out of your comfort zone as well. Follow

workshops.

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The whole point of good communication is not the transmission of information but the

reception of it.

Greet the audience and tell them who you are. (Don't assume that everyone knows you,

even in an informal setting.)

These introductory remarks have the additional purpose of getting the audience to

settle down and direct their attention toward you.

By then stating in a sentence or two what you are going to talk about, you place your

presentation into context.

Do not be afraid to give context or background information where necessary, or to

explain the meaning of any techniques or acronyms--even if they seem obvious to you.

There is nothing worse than sitting through an entire presentation in which a certain

acronym is written on every slide and the presenter has neglected to tell the audience

what it means.

Look at the audience throughout your talk.

You will create a rapport with the audience by establishing eye contact with as many

people as possible.

At the same time, be aware of your facial expressions. If you look bored, the audience

will be bored. If you are animated and alert, the audience will be interested in what you

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have to say.

Be receptive to the audience. Pay attention to the audience's body language and

nonverbal reactions to your remarks.

Know when to stop and when to leave out part of your presentation if you begin to sense

that people in the audience are losing their ability to pay attention.

In essence: the preparation, presentation, and content of your talk must be geared

toward the needs of the audience. Here’s some things to keep in mind: <CLICK>

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What is their knowledge level and degree of interest?

How well do they know the subject of your talk?

For each type of audience, you will have to vary your content and delivery. There is no

one-size-fits-all, even if the message you are presenting is basically the same.

ANTICIPATE - Don’t however mess up the flow of your talk or take time away from more

interesting parts just because you want to nervously pre-empt someone picking a hole in

your methodology.

What might also help is keeping a specific listener in mind and present for that person.

Once you know who you will be speaking to, let’s go to number 5: <CLICK>

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Avoid having a slide at the beginning of a presentation outlining the order of the

presentation, explain the structure of your story instead.

Start strong.

End on a high note! Never a negative one. Be positive, make them smile/laugh, inspire

the audience.

Here are some possibilities to get your audience hooked from the start <CLICK>

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What is personal is universal. Break patterns. Truth & pain.

Examples!

Humor: do not announce a joke. Be ad rem when it doesn’t work.

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Powerpoint, Prezi, Slidedeck, props…: whatever works for you and you can make work

for you!

Corporate style: reputation management + correct affiliation

Acknowledgements as 2nd slide; get them done with early. Thank everyone important,

especially those likely to be in the audience.

Give credits for art usage (we all need to be better about this) and other sources, but

don’t cite papers much unless critical (no bibliography).

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Some of the worst mistakes brought together in wonderful presentation by

@powerfulpoint

• Francken-deck: collage of slides

• The Blob: a slide without a point is a big shapeless blob

• Poison your audience with jargon monoxide: it might make you feel smart saying it

but if your audience doesn’t get it, it kills your message

• Riddled with Bullets: no more than 3 on a slide please

• Shock! Horror!: make your font big and legible over fun. While you can use a creative

font for a slide title, avoid using it for body text. Wrong fonts are Tahoma, MS Sans

Serif, Arial, Verdana, Courier New, Times New Roman, Trebuchet, Lucida Console,

Comic Sans

• Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Label: turn the label into a headline

Your audience’s attention will vary. Some will listen to your words and not look at the

slides, or vice versa, or they may come in late/space out for certain slides. So make your

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slides clear and simple enough that the audience can follow it, dipping in and out if they

must. But don’t make them cluttered!

Consider using slide numbers in bottom corner; then you and audience know how close

you are to the end.

Use the available space on the slide, not just a tiny central part. Keep edges clear in case

the projector cuts them off though.

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Budget your time! (when designing and practicing your talk)

Good rule = ~1 slide/minute, roughly, depending on amount of words side/complexity of

images used.

15 minute talk = ~3 mins introduction, 5 mins results, 4 mins discussion-conclusions,

then ~3 mins for questions.

20 min talk really should leave time for questions; understandable if 15min talk does

not, but aim for it.

Take time to go through data plots slowly enough.

Adrenaline may mean that you present your talk faster than you expected…

But avoid going slowly at the beginning of the talk to carefully go over every fine point in

the Intro, then having to rush through the key Conclusions.

Find a good, comfortable tempo that doesn’t lose your audience and stick with that.

Keeping time also shows respect for the organisors, the audience and other speakers.

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The slide should not be your exact talk: there should be some kind of added value of

coming to hear you speak.

Besides, it’s is the combination of speech and visuals that makes an audience retain

more information.

So put as little text on as possible – just the headlines if you can.

It can be hard in academic talks to go easy on the text, but you can try at least to split up

the text heavy slides with a few images.

Images help make your presentation more visual, but don’t get carried away with too

many on one slide. It’s a presentation, not a photo album.

If you use other images than ClipArt be sure to mention the source. Read up on Creative

Commons.

Be careful of cheesy stock photos.

You need a high level of contrast between your text and the background.

If your background image features a lot of variation, portions of your text may not be

legible.

In that case, a stylish bar of color behind the text can bring the legibility back while

adding visual interest.

Maybe use contrasting text colors to draw attention.

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Gradually build up data and complex info.

Turn data into something meaningful.

Label clearly. Be sure to explain your axes when your plots first appear on the screen, so

people immediately understand what the data shown are.

Only include data and diagrams you will explain. This goes for both qualitative and

quantitative.

Some inspiration:

http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_cognitive_surplus_will_change_the_

world and Hans Rosling

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Many presenters read a script silently to themselves until they’ve got it down.

But it’s much better to rehearse the presentation the way you’ll deliver it

You may surprise yourself to see how much better you come across with each rehearsal.

It will not make you look inauthentic. Just the opposite. Having everything down will

make you a more confident presenter.

A confident presenter feels comfortable and comes across as natural. An audience picks

up on these signals quickly.

Also, as you keep rehearsing you may learn that you’re presenting too much

information.

<CLICK>

An outstanding 1 hour presentation can take 30 hours or more of prep time!

Preparation is more than of course rehearsing. <CLICK>

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Number 9: cancel out unwelcome surprise during the event!

Start by backing up your talk before you leave for the event: (1) main PC copy, (2) copy

on USB drive in different bag, (3) copy in cloud storage like Dropbox, or (if small) your

email; i.e. online.

If your presentation needs live internet connection, be sure this is available at the

location.

By the way, make sure you know where you are going.

And remember adaptors and power cables/battery.

Once you’re on site <CLICK>

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Try your presentation on the on site projector well in advance of your talk.

Be proactive. Be pushy if you have to, to be able to do this.

Be prepared for your talk to crash, projector to die or otherwise for having to give up

and wing the talk.

Don’t walk away, forfeiting your talk slot. Deliver what you can of the talk, maybe while

calling up a friend to help reboot your PC or something while you

talk.

Don’t struggle for too long.

People will respect someone who thinks on their feet and recovers their talk’s message.

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A lot of speakers fear that someone in the audience will make their life miserable during

the Q&A.

But remember, most audiences are friendly. If people have turned up to your talk it’s

mostly because they are genuinely interested in what you have to present.

Yes, they might ask hard questions, but because they really want to know the answer.

And it’s with number 10 that you can make a real difference and polish off an already

great presentation. <CLICK>

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Always be polite.

It might be a good idea to repeat a question to make sure everyone has heard it

properly. That will also give you time to formulate an answer. Then go ahead and answer

the question based on what you presented (and on what you know).

If you’re confident, you can also put the question into a larger context by drawing upon

data and information outside your own work.

If you don’t know an answer, say so but offer a speculative answer or offer to do your

research and get back with an answer at another time. It's better to be honest than try

to bluff your way through.

If you are asked a question where the person has clearly misunderstood, or failed to

hear something you said, simply answer the question as if it were perfectly acceptable.

If you get an off-beat question that is purely designed to trip you up, don’t engage with

it too deeply. Thank the questioner for the question, explain that you need to look into it

more fully and offer to email the person.

TOP TIP: Follow-up on social media conversations about your talk. + upload your

presentation in institutional repository and share via Slideshare/other social (academic)

platforms

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Here are my ten superheroes in a row.

If you use these and just keep thinking: “You are a better speaker than you think you are,

and no-one thinks you look nervous.” you will probably do alright!

Besides, you’re the only one focussing on those bits of your presentation.

Also remember to have fun and show some creativity and personality! Academia is

already boring enough ☺

Thank you for listening! I’ll be happy to answer any questions you might have or follow-

up on them later on.

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