May 06-21: Vehicle Safety May 06-21: Vehicle Safety ModificationsModifications

Client: Senior DesignClient: Senior Design Faculty Advisor: Dr. Faculty Advisor: Dr.

Gary TuttleGary Tuttle Presentation date: Presentation date:

April 26April 26thth 2006 2006

Team members: Team members:

Joshua Bruening –EE Joshua Bruening –EE Mei-ling Liew -EE Mei-ling Liew -EE Fei Liu -EE Fei Liu -EE Brian Phillips -CprE Brian Phillips -CprE Adams Sutanto -EE Adams Sutanto -EE

Presentation LayoutPresentation Layout Introductory MaterialIntroductory Material

Acknowledgement.Acknowledgement. Problem statement.Problem statement. Operating environment.Operating environment. Intended user(s) and intended use(s).Intended user(s) and intended use(s). Assumptions and limitations.Assumptions and limitations. End product and other deliverablesEnd product and other deliverables

Project Activity DescriptionProject Activity Description Present accomplishments.Present accomplishments. Future required activities.Future required activities. Approaches considered and one used.Approaches considered and one used. Project definition activities.Project definition activities. Research activities.Research activities. Design activities.Design activities. Implementation activities.Implementation activities. Testing.Testing. Any other important activities.Any other important activities.

Resources and SchedulesResources and Schedules Resources.Resources. Schedules.Schedules.

Closing MaterialClosing Material Project evaluation.Project evaluation. Commercialization.Commercialization. Recommendations for additional Recommendations for additional

work.work. Lessons learned.Lessons learned. Risk and risk management.Risk and risk management. Closing summary.Closing summary.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. Gary Tuttle Dr. Gary Tuttle

Senior Design Client:Senior Design Client:

• Dr. LamontDr. Lamont

• Dr. PattersonDr. Patterson

List of DefinitionsList of Definitions Convex- Surface that curves outward or bulgesConvex- Surface that curves outward or bulges

Infrared- Invisible radiation wavelengths from Infrared- Invisible radiation wavelengths from about 750 nanometers to 1 millimeter, on the about 750 nanometers to 1 millimeter, on the border of the microwave regionborder of the microwave region

LCD- Liquid-crystal displayLCD- Liquid-crystal display

Ultrasonic- Acoustic frequencies above the Ultrasonic- Acoustic frequencies above the range audible to the human ear above 20,000 range audible to the human ear above 20,000 HertzHertz

Problem StatementProblem Statement

Blind spots are created by factory mirror systems

Lack of object detection systems and blind spot eliminators on inexpensive vehicles

Need for inexpensive products which eliminate these problems

Solutions to Problem StatementSolutions to Problem Statement

Determine the location of a vehicle’s blind spots and implement blind spot eliminators

Inform the vehicle’s operator when the object becomes close to the bumper

Operating EnvironmentOperating Environment

HumidityHumidity WindWind DustDust Extreme temperaturesExtreme temperatures RainRain SnowSnow

Intended UsersIntended Users

Owners of low-cost vehiclesOwners of low-cost vehicles

Drivers of low-cost vehiclesDrivers of low-cost vehicles

PassengersPassengers

Intended UsesIntended Uses

Increase vehicle safetyIncrease vehicle safety

Alert the driver of objects near the Alert the driver of objects near the vehicle’s bumpersvehicle’s bumpers

Remove blind spot from driver’s Remove blind spot from driver’s perspectiveperspective

Project AssumptionsProject Assumptions

The end product will be simple to use for The end product will be simple to use for the consumerthe consumer

The product will be an add-on for The product will be an add-on for previously owned carspreviously owned cars

Multiple users will take advantage of the Multiple users will take advantage of the safety additions for each vehiclesafety additions for each vehicle

The users will be qualified driversThe users will be qualified drivers

Project LimitationsProject Limitations

Exterior equipment must be able to handle Exterior equipment must be able to handle all weather conditionsall weather conditions

Equipment must remain operational Equipment must remain operational considering wear and tear from drivingconsidering wear and tear from driving

Equipment may be installed by a vehicle’s Equipment may be installed by a vehicle’s ownerowner

The system will have to fit in the space The system will have to fit in the space constraintsconstraints

Expected End ProductExpected End Product

Operational front and rear proximity sensors

LED dashboard distance display Adjustable blind spot eliminating convex

mirror Technical documentation and schematics

Other DeliverablesOther Deliverables

Project PlanProject Plan

Weekly ReportsWeekly Reports

Design ReportDesign Report

Peer Review Peer Review PresentationPresentation

Project PosterProject Poster

End Product Final End Product Final ReportReport

IRP PresentationIRP Presentation

AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

Designed and built the sensor systemDesigned and built the sensor system

Designed the blind spot eliminatorsDesigned the blind spot eliminators

Tested sensor system Tested sensor system

Tested mirror systemTested mirror system

Built Black Box PrototypeBuilt Black Box Prototype

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Blind spot eliminator:Blind spot eliminator: Electronic rotating mirrorElectronic rotating mirror

Advantages:Advantages:• Easy for the driver to useEasy for the driver to use• Undistorted imageUndistorted image

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Just moves the blind spot, doesn’t eliminate itJust moves the blind spot, doesn’t eliminate it• Requires additional motorsRequires additional motors• Requires complicated installation procedureRequires complicated installation procedure

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Blind spot eliminator:Blind spot eliminator: Angled add-on mirrorAngled add-on mirror

Advantages:Advantages:• Requires no additional driver effortRequires no additional driver effort• Undistorted ImageUndistorted Image

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Doesn’t eliminate all of the blind-spot (75% only)Doesn’t eliminate all of the blind-spot (75% only)• Difficult to install on some vehiclesDifficult to install on some vehicles

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Blind spot eliminator:Blind spot eliminator: Convex or concave mirrorConvex or concave mirror

Advantages:Advantages:• Completely eliminates the blind-spotCompletely eliminates the blind-spot• Inexpensive implementationInexpensive implementation• Easy installationEasy installation• Requires no additional driver effortRequires no additional driver effort

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Distorted imageDistorted image

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Blind spot eliminator:Blind spot eliminator: Monitor and video camera set for driverMonitor and video camera set for driver

Advantages:Advantages:• Automatic notification to the driver of a vehicle in Automatic notification to the driver of a vehicle in

the blind spotthe blind spot• Complete elimination of the blind spotComplete elimination of the blind spot

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Very expensiveVery expensive• Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)

Technology UsedTechnology Used

Convex add-on mirrorConvex add-on mirror Completely eliminates the blind-spotCompletely eliminates the blind-spot Inexpensive implementationInexpensive implementation Easy installationEasy installation Requires no additional driver effortRequires no additional driver effort

Other technologiesOther technologies ExpensiveExpensive Difficult to implement and/or installDifficult to implement and/or install Don’t completely eliminate the blind spotDon’t completely eliminate the blind spot

Technology ConsiderationsTechnology Considerations Front and rear object detection system:Front and rear object detection system: Controller with LCD screen monitor and video Controller with LCD screen monitor and video

camera systemcamera system Advantages:Advantages:

• Directly see what is approachingDirectly see what is approaching DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• ExpensiveExpensive• Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)Poor functionality in bad weather (fog, snow, rain)• Difficult to implementDifficult to implement• Distraction to the driverDistraction to the driver

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Front and rear object detection system:Front and rear object detection system: Proximity sensor system with LED displayProximity sensor system with LED display

Advantages:Advantages:• Accurate measurement of distanceAccurate measurement of distance• Operate in all weather conditionsOperate in all weather conditions• DurableDurable• AffordableAffordable

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Difficult installationDifficult installation• Difficult implementationDifficult implementation• Possibility of malfunctioning sensorsPossibility of malfunctioning sensors

Technology UsedTechnology Used

Proximity sensor system with LED displayProximity sensor system with LED display Accurate measurement of distanceAccurate measurement of distance Operate in all weather conditionsOperate in all weather conditions DurableDurable AffordableAffordable

Other technologies are:Other technologies are: More expensiveMore expensive More difficult to install and implementMore difficult to install and implement Not as reliableNot as reliable

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Sensor types consideredSensor types considered:: Inductive proximity and mInductive proximity and magneto resistive agneto resistive

Advantages:Advantages:• Ideal for detecting any metalIdeal for detecting any metal

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Don’t detect any type of material such as fiberglassDon’t detect any type of material such as fiberglass

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Sensor types consideredSensor types considered:: InfraredInfrared

Advantages:Advantages:• Accurately measure distanceAccurately measure distance• Weather resistantWeather resistant• InexpensiveInexpensive• No programming neededNo programming needed• Detect all types of materialDetect all types of material

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• Dust and dirt can coat them and impair responseDust and dirt can coat them and impair response

Technologies ConsideredTechnologies Considered

Sensor types consideredSensor types considered:: UltrasonicUltrasonic

Advantages:Advantages:• Weather resistantWeather resistant• Accurately measure distanceAccurately measure distance• Detect all types of materialDetect all types of material

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:• ExpensiveExpensive• Require programmingRequire programming• Dust and dirt can coat them and impair responseDust and dirt can coat them and impair response

Technology UsedTechnology Used

InfraredInfrared Accurately measure distanceAccurately measure distance Weather resistantWeather resistant InexpensiveInexpensive No programming neededNo programming needed

Other types of sensorsOther types of sensors ExpensiveExpensive Can’t detect all types of materialCan’t detect all types of material

Sensor Used: GP2D12Sensor Used: GP2D12

No programming needed!

Sensor Used: GP2D12Sensor Used: GP2D12

Sensor Used: GP2D12Sensor Used: GP2D12

Detect object 10-Detect object 10-80cm away80cm away

Quad Op Amp:LMC660Quad Op Amp:LMC660

SchematicSchematic

Display of Proximity Sensor UnitDisplay of Proximity Sensor Unit

There will be four sets There will be four sets of red, yellow and of red, yellow and green; one for each green; one for each corner of the vehicle. corner of the vehicle.

Circuit will be Circuit will be underneathunderneath

Status of Proximity Sensor UnitStatus of Proximity Sensor Unit

Circuit is designedCircuit is designed

Plan of routing through vehicle has been Plan of routing through vehicle has been implementedimplemented

Prototype is builtPrototype is built

Research ActivitiesResearch Activities

Sensor technologiesSensor technologies

Mirror typesMirror types

Display panelsDisplay panels

Design ConstraintsDesign Constraints

Attachment to existing small vehicles

Shall not hinder the user’s ability to drive

Wire placement shall be unobtrusive

Sensors shall be installed inside bumpers

Equipment must be durable

Testing and Modification ActivitiesTesting and Modification Activities

Blind Spot MirrorBlind Spot Mirror HowHow Right Angle TrigRight Angle Trig WhereWhere Stadium Parking LotStadium Parking Lot ResultsResults

• Factory MirrorsFactory Mirrors Driver’s SideDriver’s Side 0 – 11.6 degrees0 – 11.6 degrees Passenger's SidePassenger's Side 0 – 20.76 degrees0 – 20.76 degrees

• Convex MirrorConvex Mirror Driver’s SideDriver’s Side 0 – 181 degrees0 – 181 degrees Passenger’s SidePassenger’s Side 0 – 176 degrees0 – 176 degrees

Accuracy?Accuracy? 5 tests with different drivers5 tests with different drivers

Testing and Modification ActivitiesTesting and Modification Activities

Proximity SensorProximity SensorV vs. Distance

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 20 40 60 80 100

Distance (in)

Vo

lta

ge

(V

)Series1

Series2

Red LED

Yellow LED

Green LED

Estimated ResourcesEstimated Resources

175169

166 169

167

JoshBrueningMei-LingLiew

Fei Liu

BrianPhillips

AdamsSutanto

Personal Efforts

Item DescriptionItem Description Estimated CostEstimated Cost

PosterPoster $70.00$70.00

Blind Spot MirrorsBlind Spot Mirrors $4.00$4.00

Infrared SensorInfrared Sensor $40.00$40.00

ComparatorsComparators $5.00$5.00

RegulatorsRegulators $5.00$5.00

Other electronic Other electronic componentscomponents

$30.00$30.00

TotalTotal $154.00$154.00

Other ResourcesOther Resources

Financial ResourcesFinancial Resources

Poster

Blind spotmirrorsInfrared Sensor

Comparators

Regulators

Other electroniccomponents

Materials $154.00Labor @ 10.50/hr.

$8,883.00

Total $9037

Project ScheduleProject Schedule

Project EvaluationProject Evaluation

ResearchResearch Proximity SensorsProximity Sensors Blind Spot MirrorsBlind Spot Mirrors

DocumentsDocuments Project PlanProject Plan Design ReportDesign Report PosterPoster Final reportFinal report

ImplementationImplementation Proximity sensorsProximity sensors

CommercializationCommercialization

Installation KitInstallation Kit 4 sensors4 sensors Main System ModuleMain System Module CableCable User manualUser manual

Cost = $85Cost = $85 Selling Price = $100Selling Price = $100 MarketMarket

Owners of low cost vehicle’sOwners of low cost vehicle’s Owners concerned with safetyOwners concerned with safety

Recommendations for Recommendations for Additional Work Additional Work

Implementation of casing/holder for blind spot Implementation of casing/holder for blind spot mirrormirror

Implementation of more sophisticated sensorImplementation of more sophisticated sensor

Exact distance LCD displayExact distance LCD display

Commercialized UnitCommercialized Unit

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

What went wellWhat went well Dividing up taskDividing up task

What did not go wellWhat did not go well Meeting timeMeeting time Change of project scopeChange of project scope Team progressTeam progress

What technical knowledge was gainedWhat technical knowledge was gained Proximity sensorProximity sensor Blind spot mirrorBlind spot mirror

Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

What non-technical knowledge was gainedWhat non-technical knowledge was gained Project management experienceProject management experience Documentation method, skillsDocumentation method, skills Presentation skillPresentation skill

What would be done differently if the What would be done differently if the project was to be done againproject was to be done again Better teamworkBetter teamwork

Risk and Risk Management Risk and Risk Management Anticipated Potential RiskAnticipated Potential Risk

Parts malfunctionParts malfunction Part ordering delayPart ordering delay Loss of a memberLoss of a member Documentation problemDocumentation problem

Anticipated Risk EncounteredAnticipated Risk Encountered Part ordering delayPart ordering delay Documentation problemDocumentation problem

Unanticipated Risk EncounteredUnanticipated Risk Encountered Ordered wrong partOrdered wrong part

Resultant changes in risk managementResultant changes in risk management Bought new partBought new part More sophisticated documentationMore sophisticated documentation

Closing SummaryClosing Summary

Problem – Problem – Additional safety improvements are currently Additional safety improvements are currently available on more expensive new cars, but available on more expensive new cars, but are not low enough cost to be made available are not low enough cost to be made available

on lower cost cars.on lower cost cars.

Approach – Approach – Several technologies were considered for Several technologies were considered for each safety addition. Each alternative was each safety addition. Each alternative was researched and compared on a pro/con basis. researched and compared on a pro/con basis. The technologies that we felt made the most The technologies that we felt made the most sense were used.sense were used.

Solution – Solution – The safety package includes both front and The safety package includes both front and back proximity sensors, as well as two back proximity sensors, as well as two convex blind spot eliminating mirrors. convex blind spot eliminating mirrors.

Questions or comments?Questions or comments?