the

> RecordU. S. DEPARTMENT OF

HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFAREMay 23, 1972

Vol. XXIV, No. 11 NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Research Teams Establish New ApproachTo the Study of Genetic Blood Diseases

NIEHS Role Is EvaluatedAt Congressional Hearing

Two Framingham StudyDirectors Receive FirstEleanor Dana Award

Drs. William B. Kannel andThomas R. Dawber, Director andformer Director, respectively, ofNHLI's Framingham Heart DiseaseEpidemiology Study, are co-recipi-ents of the American Health Foun-

Three teams of scientists participating in the Special Virus CancerProgram of the National Cancer Institute, have successfully reversedthe normal flow of genetic activity among fundamental cell chemicals to

permit reconstruction of a portionof the gene for red blood cellprotein.

Their findings establish a newapproach to the study of geneticdiseases of the blood such asthalassemia.

One team, made up of NIH sci-entists reported their results in arecent issue of the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences.

The researchers are Drs. JeffreyRoss and Edward Scolnick of NCI'sViral Leukemia and LymphomaBranch, and Drs. Haim Aviv andPhilip Leder, National Institute ofChild Health and Human Develop-ment.

The other two groups, from theMassachusetts Institute of Tech-nology and the Institute of CancerResearch and College of Physiciansand Surgeons, Columbia Univer-sity, reported their findings in thejournal, Nature New Biology. Theirresearch is supported in part byNIH.

In their initial experiments withrabbit cells, the scientists purifieda messenger RNA which directsproduction of globin, the protein

Dr. Kannel Dr. Dawber

dation's first Eleanor Dana Awardfor 1971 for ". . . significant con-tributions in the field of preventivemedicine."

The citation and $5,000 prizewere presented in April during anaward luncheon that also openedthe AHF's Health MaintenanceInstitute.

Dr. Dawber, associate professorof Medicine at Boston UniversityMedical Center, was Director ofthe Framingham Heart Study from1950 to 1966.

Dr. Kannel joined the study asdeputy director in 1957, and hasbeen Director of the study since1966.

Gives Long-Term LookThe Framingham Study is a long-

term prospective look into consti-tutional and environmental factorsinvolved in the development andprogression of heart disease in ageneral population sample (morethan 5,000 residents) of a typicalAmerican city, Framingham, Mass.

By identifying major risk factorsin coronary heart disease, hyper-

(SeeDANA AWARDEES, Page 6)

part of the hemoglobin or redblood cells.

Later, they applied the methodto experiments with human mes-senger RNA.

(See RESEARCH TEAMS, Page 4)

Dr. Marston to Be InductedIn Honorary Hopkins Society

On May 26 NIH DirectorDr. Robert Q. Marston willbe inducted into The JohnsHopkins Society of Scholarsin ceremonies to be held atthe university in Baltimore.

The Society was established4 years ago to honor dis-tinguished, former postdoc-toral fellows of the univer-sity.

Those elected to member-ship must have "gainedmarked distinction in theirfields of scholarly or profes-sional interest."

Rep. Fountain (foreground). Dr. Rail(I), Rep. William Alexander (D-Ark.),and Dr. D. C. Goldberg (r), professionalstaff member of the Subcommittee,view tissue cultures being studied bythe NIEHS Mutagenesis Branch.

The Intergovernmental RelationsSubcommittee of the House Com-mittee on Government Operationsheld a hearing on April 24 inRaleigh, N.C., on the role of theNational Institute of EnvironmentalHealth Sciences with respect toenvironmental problems which mayendanger the Nation's health.

Rep. L. H. Fountain (D-N.C),conducted the hearing to learn howthe Institute relates to other gov-ernmental agencies in the samefield and to discuss scientific knowl-edge and capabilities needed tocombat environmental hazards.

"During the past year, the Sub-committee has intensively studiedthe potential dangers from chemi-cal additives and drug residues inour food supply," CongressmanFountain disclosed.

Dr. Robert Q. Marston, Directorof NIH, welcomed the group.

In discussing his Institute's role,Dr. David P. Rail, NIEHS Di-rector, said, "Our primary task isperforming the basic biomedicalresearch needed in the environ-mental health field.

"We seek to provide the informa-tion necessary to insure that theenvironment is as free as possiblefrom dangerous concentrations of

(See NIEES ROLE, Page 7)

Medical Award PresentedTo Dr. Makio MurayamaFor Sickle Cell Studies

The Rev. Dr. Martin LutherKing, Jr. Medical AchievementAward will be presented to Dr.Makio Murayama, the National In-stitute of Arthritis and MetabolicDiseases' noted sickle cell anemiaresearcher.

The award, which highlights Dr.Murayama's research in elucidat-ing the molecular concept of sick-ling, will be given to the researcherat a May 31st banquet. Notedguests who are expected at thebanquet include Aretha Franklin,Bill Cosby, Ossie Davis, and CountBasie.

Dr. Murayama will be honoredwith other award recipients at theaward banquet to be held in thePhiladelphia Civic Center, Conven-tion Hall. The banquet is spon-sored by the Philadelphia Chapterof the Southern Christian Leader-ship Conference.

Co-chairmen are PennsylvaniaGovernor Milton J. Shapp and Mu-hammad Ali. Philadelphia MayorFrank L. Rizzo and Rev. RalphDavid Abernathy are acting ashonorary chairmen.

Through the efforts of Dr. Mura-(Continued on Page 5)

When Dr. Frank J. Rauscher, Jr. tookthe oath of office as Director of theNational Cancer Institute in a WhiteHouse ceremony May 5, PresidentNixon told him he "must put in an18- to 20-hour day" in search of acancer cure.

Page 2 May 23, 1972 THE NIH RECORD

WtecordPublished biweekly at Bethesda, Md., by the Publications and ReportsBranch, Office of Information, for the information of employees of theNational Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, andWelfare, and circulated by request to interested writers and to investi-gators in the field of biomedical and related research. The content isreprintable without permission. Pictures are available on request.The NIH Record reserves the right to make corrections, changes or dele-tions in submitted copy in conformity with the policies of the paper andthe Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

NIH Record Office Bldg. 3 1 , Rm. 2B-03. Phone 49-62125

Editor Frances W. Davis

Assistant Editor Fay Leviero

Staff Writer Ed Driscoll

Staff Correspondents

ADA, Robert Manning; BHME/OD, Florence Foelak; CC, Ann Bain-bridge; DAHM, Laura Mae Kress; DBS, Faye Peterson; DCRT, JoanChase; DDH, Carolyn Niblett; DMI, Marian R. Fox; DN, Evelyn Laz-zari; DPHPE, Eleanor Wesolowski; DRG, Sue Meadows; DRR, JerryGordon; DRS, Robert Knickerbocker; FIC, Lois P. Meng; NCI, Eliza-beth Shollenberger; NEI, Bonnie Friedman; NHLI, Bill Sanders; NIAID,Krin Larson; NIAMD, Katie Broberg; NICHD, Lloyd Blevins; NIDR,Sue Hannon; NIEHS, Elizabeth Y. James; NIGMS, Wanda Warddell;NINDS, Anne Tisiker; NLM, Roger Gilkeson.

Dick Gregory Visits NIH;Speaks Out Against War

On May 4 some 500 NIH em-ployees gave up their lunch hour tohear Dick Gregory call for an endto the Vietnam war.

The thin comedian, who has noteaten solid food for 54 weeks inprotest, said he would continue hisfast until the conflict was over.

He spanned subjects rangingfrom the 1968 Democratic nationalconvention in Chicago to racism,sprinkling his remarks with sharphumor.

In conclusion, Mr. Gregory advo-cated an economic boycott which hesaid could end the war in 30 days.

The rally was sponsored by AllConcerned Employees, Federal Em-ployees for Peace—Parklawn, andThe Vietnam Moratorium Commit-tee at NIH/NIMH.

Eligible Employees May ApplyIn Person for College on Campus

Upward Mobility College on theNIH campus, is accepting applica-tions for the 1972-73 school year.UMC, a part of Federal City Col-lege, is offering two types of de-grees, an, Associate of Arts de-gree and a bachelor's degree.

The college has an open admis-sions policy for employees meet-ing eligibility requirements. Ap-plications will be accepted—in per-son only—in Room B2B15, Bldg. 31.

Dr. Martin Cummings HonoredDr. Martin M. Cummings, Di-

rector of the National Library ofMedicine, will be awarded an hon-orary degree of doctor of medicinefrom the Karolinska Institut inStockholm on June 1.

The honor will be bestowed uponDr. Cummings during the Insti-tute's commencement ceremonies.

NIH Art Show Opens June 5; Submit Work June 2Entries will be accepted for the

14th Annual NIH Art Show onFriday, June 2, in the ClinicalCenter lobby, from 3 to 6 p.m.

Accepted work will be exhibitedin the CC lobby starting Monday,June 5 through Friday, June 30.At noon on Monday—the openingday—Mrs. Robert Q. Marston, hon-orary chairman, will presentawards to the winning artists, andthe NIH orchestra will perform.

The art show is open to all R&Wmembers and their families—mem-bers' children must be over 16

years of age. Entry forms areavailable from the R&W office,Bldg. 31, Room l-A-18 and at theregistration booth. For those NIHemployees who are not members ofR&W, membership cards may beobtained when art work is sub-mitted.

A total of about $350 will beawarded in prizes for paintingsand collage, sculpture, graphics,watercolor and pastels, and draw-ings. Artists are limited to threeentries. There is a processing feeof one dollar for each entry.

Dr. Esfep Tells Scope of DRS Activities,Extols Employees Skills in Research Aid

At the end of a seminar. Dr. Estep meets with co-workers and chats informallyabout goals and " . . . effective communications among all employees . . ."

A series of "get acquainted" seminars were held by Dr. Roger Estep,Director, Division of Research Services, with DRS employees.

Four seminars were held in Wilson Hall, and the fifth was held at theNIH Animal Center in Poolesville. _ _ ^

The five DRS Branches wererepresented in each of the 85 mem-ber groups. The seminars featuredcolor slides emphasizing the skillsand diversified services providedby DRS in support of NIH re-search. A color motion picture tell-ing about the NIH Animal Centerwas also shown.

After the presentation, many em-ployees said they had not fully re-alized or appreciated the variety ofresearch support DRS gives to thescientific community on the campus.

Dr. Estep termed DRS employeesits most important resource. Hesaid the meetings were called inorder for him to share his aspira-tions, and to seek help in achievingcommon goals. At the close of themeetings employees were asked forquestions, comments, and sugges-tions.

In reviewing the year's work, Dr.Estep quoted statistics to show therange of activities DRS employeesengage in, and on which researchdepends.

He said 113,000 liters of tissuemedia were produced; 11 millionpieces of glassware were cleaned,processed, and issued; 30,000 booksand journals were loaned, and180,000 photographs and 6,300 sta-tistical charts and technical draw-ings were produced.

In addition, 516,000 mice, rats,hamsters, and guinea pigs and7,700 rabbits were issued to re-search laboratories. He explainedthat this means employees have towork overtime, and are on standbyaround the clock, weekend and holi-day shifts.

Dr. Estep said special efforts

were underway to refine the DRStraining program. Last year thatprogram provided 17,000 hours ofemployee training, 11,000 of whichwere at colleges, universities, andprivate firms.

He also announced plans forsmaller, more personalized sem-inars which would emphasize su-pervisory responsibilities, employeerights, and employee services pro-vided by the personnel office.Good Management Explained

In his comments on the seminars,Dr. Estep said, "Good managementand good performance begin with *clear, reliable communications.

"In an organization as diversified. . . as DRS, effective communica-tions among all employees are es-sential. .. . By expanding an ap-preciation of all the Division isasked to do—and does or could do—I hope together we see new ho-rizons."

NIH Television, RadioProgram Schedule

RadioDISCUSSION: NIH

WGMS, AM—570—FM Stereo103.5—Friday about 9:15 p.m.

May 26Dr. Robert O. Wolf, NIDRSubject: Saliva

June 2Dr. Harold M. Schoolman, special

assistant to the Director, NLMSubject: Regional Medical

Libraries (R)Interview takes place during in-

termission of Music Room.

THE NIH RECORD May 23, 1972 Page 3

First Report IndicatesNIH Savings Bond DriveCanvassers Doing Well'

Figures for the first reportingperiod from May 1 to 10 indicatethat the U.S. Savings Bond Driveat NIH is doing well.

Dorothy Wipf, drive coordinator,attributes much of this success tovolunteer canvassers who are in-forming employees about the ad-vantages of the Payroll Plan.

To build tuition funds, parentsmay purchase the bonds in theirchildren's names with the parentsas beneficiary, not co-owner.

At the end of the first year, aFederal income tax return filedin the child's name, listing in-creased bond value as income to thechild, establishes "intent."

No further returns need be filedwhen bond interest plus other in-

Canvassers Will ExplainHow Payroll Savings PlanAids U.S. Bond Purchasers

For explanation of savingsmethods made possible bypurchase of U.S. bondsthrough the Payroll Plan,employees may consult theirB/I/D canvasser on the ex-tension given.BHMB —Joel E. Hedetniemi 65144CC —Steven Galen 63227DBS —Raymond Jones ......64691DCRT —Doren Vest .64647DRG —Timothy Gregory ....67591DRR —David L.

Chicchiriehi _.65175DRS —Anna Dougherty ....64541FIC —Dr. Maureen

Harris 64331NCI —Jack Patterson 66556

Mabel NicholsNEI —Dr. J. Theodore

Schwartz 66583NHLI —Evelyn Attix 63483

Ruth TownsendNIAID —Doris Parkinson ...65367NIAMD —Eve Larson 65765NICHD —George Russell 63454NIDR —J- E. Fitzgerald 65715NIEHS —Ralph Hester 3308NIGMS —Daniel McMonagle ..61138NINDS —Jean Farrady 64697NLM —Roger Gilkeson .... 66308OD/ODA—William Anderson ..61451

HWWpllHpp

Ruby Payne, Mailroom Trouble ShooterWith 'Patience of a Saint/ Is Retiring

By Marie MasfinNIH Information Aide

"Always accommodating," "has the patience of a saint," "exhausts allavenues in getting the job done," "a real salt of the earth employee."

Friends and co-workers of Ruby Payne, an NIH mail supervisor,describe her in glowing terms.

They will miss her after Maywhen she retires from the Govern-ment with nearly 30 years serviceat NIH.

Mrs. Payne and five clerks pro-cess some 2,000 pieces of mail a day.Their responsibilities entail open-ing, routing, and locating lettersand packages, in addition to han-dling all special deliveries betweenNIH and DHEW. These duties of-ten place Mrs. Payne in the role ofa "trouble shooter."

"I try to help with any problemsthat come up," she says. "That'smy job."

Others at NIH do not take herjob so lightly. Many are indebtedto her for swift and thoroughsleuthing in locating important,misplaced pieces of mail.

"She has gotten our office out ofa lot of problems," says one ad-mirer who describes herself as"only another beneficiary of Ruby'sexcellent service."

Mrs. Payne has also been calledupon for information about NIHin its earlier days because of herunique stock of old phone books.

The campus was quite differentwhen she came to NIH in 1942 asa mail messenger in Building 1,she recalls.

"It was so small that everybodyknew everybody in those days," sheremembers. There were only sixbuildings on the campus at thetime and all shops were in Build-ing 1.Hazards Involved

Except for brief service in theLaboratory Aids Branch, now inDRS, the Laboratory of Biochem-istry and Nutrition, NIAMD, andthe Library in Building 1, Mrs.Payne has worked continuously inthe mailrooms.

It has involved its hazards. "I'veopened mail directed to the wrongplace and found human hearts, eye-balls, and appendices," she ex-claims. Once the entire mailroomhad to be evacuated because ofstrange fumes which came from apackage she opened.

"Later, they told me the fumeswere dangerous," Mrs. Payne re-calls. "I'm a little cautious openingpackages now."

Retirement will give Mrs. Paynemore time to work in her yard inFrederick, Md., and spend with herthree daughters, seven grandchil-dren and one great-grandchild. Sheis also looking forward to travelingand participating in sports, espe-cially bowling and baseball.

However, she will miss NIH,

For almost 30 years Ruby Payne hasserved NIH by contributing to an effi-cient mail system. Although soft-spoken,she is known for "getting the jobdone."

coming to work everyday, and, mostof all, the "nice and interesting"people she has met here. Herfriends and associates, the mail-room and all of NIH will missRuby Payne.

come is less than a specified amount.When bonds are cashed to meet

college costs, all accrued interest isfree from Federal tax. Savingsbonds interest is exempt from allstate and local income taxes.

Retirement planners purchase Ebonds during their working years,reporting interest as income ontheir Federal tax return. Retire-ment income is usually lower, andwith the double tax exemptionafter age 65, taxes are greatly re-duced or entirely eliminated.

Other employees increase theirretirement income by purchasingE bonds for conversion to H Bonds,which pay interest semi-annually.

The accumulated interest on theE Bonds is applied to the purchaseof H Bonds with the privilege offurther deferring tax liability on EBond interest until the H Bondsare cashed or mature.

Subscriptions for SeriesOf 6 Concerts SponsoredBy FAES Now Available

The Foundation for AdvancedEducation in the Sciences is offer-ing six concerts for its 1972-73Chamber Music Series at NIH.Performances will be given on Sun-days at 4 p.m., in the Clinical Cen-ter's Jack Masur Auditorium.

Because the music series for lastseason was completely sold out,FAES has requested employees tosubscribe as soon as possible. Sub-scription for the season is $24:—half price for those under 17 yearsof age.

For further information callFAES, Ext. 65273, Bldg. 10, RoomBl-L-101.

The following performances willbe given:

• Nov. 5—Rudolph Firkusny, pi-anist.

• Dee. 17—Pina Carmirelli, vi-olinist, and Murray Perahia, pi-anist.

• Feb. 4—Benita Valente, so-prano; lieder program with threeinstrumentalists.

• Feb. 25—J. P. Rampal and R.Veyron-Lacroix, flute and harpsi-chord.

• March 18—Silvia Marcovioi,violinist.

• April 8—Quartette Italiano.

Dr. Kenneth Cole NamedTo London Royal SocietyAs a Foreign Member'

Dr. Kenneth Cole, senior bio-physicist, National Institute ofNeurological Diseases and Stroke,has been named a Foreign Memberof the Royal Society of London.Only a few Americans have re-ceived this honor.

Dr. Cole will participate in theformal admission ceremonies ofthe society next November, inLondon.

In 1954, the year he came toNINDS, Dr. Cole organized theLaboratory of Biophysics, and healso served as chief of that labora-tory.Well Known Researcher

He is internationally known forhis pioneering studies of electricalproperties of nerves and other liv-ing cells. His electrical studies,particularly those done on the axonof the giant squid, have been foundto apply to membranes of variousother nerve cells and muscle fibers.

Dr. Cole's explanation of theelectrical aspects of living cellmembranes has given impetus tonumerous biophysical researchprojects, particularly those relatedto the nervous system.

For this work he has receivedthe National Order of the SouthernCross of Brazil, particularly in rec-ognition of his work at the Insti-tute de Biofisca of the Universityof Brazil.

He has also received the hon-orary degree of Doctor of Medicinefrom the University of Uppsala,Sweden, and honorary doctoratesin Science from Oberlin and theUniversity of Chicago.

He was also given the SilverMedallion commemorating the200th Anniversary of ColumbiaUniversity College of Physiciansand Surgeons, and the 1967 Na-tional Medal of Science award.

Dr. Cole's book, Membranes,Ions and Impulses, which was writ-ten in 1968 under the joint auspicesof the University of California atBerkeley and NIH, has entered itssecond printing.

Dr. Cole, who is internationally knownfor his electrical studies, has receivedhonors from foreign countries, includ-ing Sweden and Brazil.

Page 4 May 23, 1972 THE NIH RECORD

Computerized Method Teaches Diagnosis,Allows for Changing Condition of Patient

A new computerized method of teaching medical students to diagnoseillnesses has been developed at the Clinical Center.

Dr. Richard B. Friedman, assistant chief of the Research, Develop-

RESEARCH TEAMS Dr. James Named ChiefOf DRG Analysis Branch

ment, and Laboratory AutomationSection of the CC Clinical Path-ology Department, devised the com-puter program that mimics the phy-sician-patient encounter.

To participate in this program,the student, using a standard type-writer keyboard, asks questions ofa computer. In reply, the computerreports symptoms, results of diag-nostic tests, and reactions to treat-ment—information a physicianmight need in a real-life situationto determine the cause of an illness.

First, the student receives a briefstatement describing a hypotheticalpatient's illness. He may then re-quest any test or other informa-tion for the diagnosis as he wouldif the patient were in a hospitalemergency room.

The computer informs the stu-dent whether a test is available,when it can be performed (daytimeonly or 24 hours daily), how muchit costs, and how soon the resultswill be available.

If the student wants the test tobe made, the computer gives thetest results. It also records the costand time required for the test.

Then the computer reports thepatient's condition or reactions tomedication that may have been ad-ministered during the elapsed time.If the student takes too long toreach a diagnosis, the computermay inform him the patient hasdied.

Although similar teaching tech-niques are in use, they do not allowfor time lapses and changes in testresults due to the altered conditionof the patient.

Nor do other methods take intoaccount cost and availability of

Dr. Friedman demonstrates how hisrecently developed system works. Thecomputer refers the student to a slideon which he observes diagnostic testresults. As many as TOO studentsthroughout the Nation could use theprogram at one time by means oftelephone hookup from computer ter-minals. Computer time costs about $5for a l 'A hour session—the averagetime it takes for diagnosis.

diagnostic procedures, according toDr. Friedman.

He said that the program is alsoadaptable to most computer systems.

The conversational format of thesystem enables a person totally un-familiar with computer operation toenter a new case history or exampleinto the system in less than 1%hours.

The program, now being evalu-ated by some 30 agencies and uni-versities, may help medical stu-dents, military medics, or physi-cians' assistants to develop diag-nostic skills.

At a recent meeting of the Tidewater Environmental Health Conference inWilson Hall, Bldg. 1, Dr. Roger Estep, DRS Director, told the group that"environmentalists have the opportunity . . . to define the problems . . .and work out solutions with the best of the available technology that wehave today." Among the conference participants (I to r): James Bowman, pres-ident, National Capitol Area Environmental Health Association; John R. Pattillo,president, Virginia Environmental Health Association; Leo A. Schuppert, presi-dent, Maryland Association of Sanitarians; Dr. Estep, Stephen J. Pijar, con-ference program chairman, ESB, DRS, and Vinson R. Oviatt, ESB chief.

(Continued from Page 1)To assure that the purified mes-

senger RNA was responsible forglobin production, the scientistsmade rabbit globin in the test tubeusing the rabbit messenger RNAand the necessary chemical com-ponets for globin.

They then added a special enzyme—reverse transcriptase—to a com-bination of the globin messengerRNA, plus the subunits needed tomake DNA and a short nucleic acidprimer to start the reaction at theproper RNA site.

The scientists found that themessenger RNA directed the for-mation of a DNA strand comple-mentary to itself.Experiment Described

By chemically eliminating theRNA strand of the resulting RNA/DNA hybrid, the scientists success-fully produced a single-strandedDNA for rabbit globin, presumablya portion of the globin gene.

With the rabbit globin experi-ments as a model, investigatorsfrom Columbia University synthe-sized and characterized similarDNA copies of biologically activehuman globin messenger RNA.

NIH investigators also reportedmaking the genetic material forred blood cell protein.

The scientists caution, however,that the copies, while extensive,may not be complete. In addition,because of technical problems, thebiological activity of the "gene"has not been proven.Used Reverse Transcriptase

In their experiments, the sci-entists used reverse transcriptasefrom avian myeloblastosis virus, avirus that causes a type of leuke-mia in the chicken.

Last November, the Columbiagroup showed that the AMV en-zyme is able to make DNA froma variety of RNA templates andtherefore potentially could be usedto synthesize a gene.

Unlike reverse transcriptases ofmammalian cancer viruses, the en-zyme from AMV is sufficientlyavailable to be useful in a varietyof genetic research, including hu-man genetics.

Using synthesized globin-specificDNA that has been tagged withradioactive tracers, the scientistsbelieve that, within a year, theywill determine how messages toproduce globin are processed with-in the mammalian cell.

The scientists also foresee usingtheir method to study diseasescaused by mistakes in the process-ing of genetic messages.

For example, thalassemia, a typeof anemia, is characterized by pro-duction of abnormally thin redblood cells resulting from an inade-quate level of hemoglobin.

By isolating messenger RNA,

Dr. John C. James has been ap-pointed chief of the ResearchAnalysis and Evaluation Branch,Division of Research Grants.

In his new post, Dr. James willbe responsible for analyzing andevaluating the scientific characterand trends of NIH grants and pro-grams.

He will direct the preparation ofreports on selected biomedicalfields and other topics relevant tothe administration of NIH pro-grams, and also handle requestsfrom Government officials and pri-vate organizations for informationabout NIH programs.

Dr. James joined the branch inAugust 1970, serving first as ascientific evaluation officer and thenas acting assistant branch chief.

Previously, he served for 3%years as executive secretary of theMedicinal and Org'anic ChemistryB Fellowship Review Section inthe Career Development ReviewBranch.

Before coming to DRG, he wasa senior chemist in private industry.

Dr. James earned the B.S. de-gree in Chemistry from the WestVirginia Wesleyan College in 1949,and the Ph.D. degree in OrganicChemistry from the University ofDelaware in 1960.

Dr. James holds three patents on or-gonic chemistry processes of which heis the sole inventor, and eight otherpatents on which he is co-inventor.

synthesizing radioactive DNA fromit, and using that DNA to measurethe messenger RNA in the thalas-semic cell, scientists may be able f

to determine whether the disease iscaused by an inadequate amount ofnormal messenger RNA or by theproduction of defective messengerRNA for globin.

Ultimately, the researchers be-lieve that an understanding of theprocessing of gene instructions inthe mammalian cell will provideinsight into how a cell acquires aspecialized function in the animal,such as its functioning as a muscle,bone, or blood cell.

THE NIH RECORD May 23, 1972 Page 5

Dental Educators Gain New Insights Into Testing Techniques Through DDH WorkshopsDental educators are gaining new

insight into ways of testing stu-dents during 2-day testing andmeasurement workshops which theDivision of Dental Health, BHME,is conducting at U.S. universities

' and colleges.The workshops are designed to

• help dentists and other instructorsconstruct reliable written examina-tions for testing students.

Slide-tape presentations, dividedinto five units, or courses, havebeen developed by the Division's

' Training Program staff as guide-lines for the workshops.

' In addition, ten 4-10 minutecolor trigger films are offered.Portraying typical student-teachersituations and interaction, the filmsstimulate group discussions byworkshop participants.

"Nothing will improve classmorale more than the students'

' conviction that they are beingtested fairly—even if rigorously,"according to Dr. Robert J. Lucas,chief of the Training Program.

The workshop helps teachers toconstruct informative and fair teststhat will accurately measure theirstudents' achievements.

The first Workshop on Tests andMeasurement was held last Decem-ber at Lake Tahoe, Calif.

Recently a joint workshop washeld for the faculty of Maryland,Howard, Virginia, and GeorgetownUniversities at the University ofMaryland.

Another session was held forthe University of Pennsylvaniaand Temple University on May16-17.

Inquiries may be addressed toDr. Robert J. Lucas, chief, Train-ing Program, Division of DentalHealth, Dental Health Center, 14thAvenue and Lake Street, San Fran-

.. Cisco, Calif. 94118.

The normal number of primary•tee+h in humans is

A -19 C-21&-2O D-22

Dr. Lucas is setting up the slide/tapeseries for a demonstration workshop.

H is west important foradentist fo havt

A- an affraet'ive office in amedical office complex.

B- a pre+ti| receptionist.C- recorded music.P- up-to-date maQajines in

ihe. wstHina room.

This multiple choice question really offers only two choices insteadof four. The intelligent student immediately eliminates choices Aand C, because common sense tells him that the answer should bean even number.

]*'*»

Trivial questions are not a true test of knowledge—dental edu-cators should avoid them when constructing examinations.

A good multiple choice question forces the student toselect the best alternative from a field of plausiblechoices which differ in only one respect.

Dr. Frank Putnam Is NamedChairman of Etiology Group

Dr. Frank W. Putnam, professorof Biology and director of the Di-vision of Biological Sciences at In-diana University, will become chair-man of the National Cancer Insti-tute Etiology Program AdvisoryCommittee (EPAC) for a 2-yearterm beginning July 1.

The Committee, composed ofeight non-NCI scientists engagedin a study of the causes and pre-vention of cancer, helps to shapeprogram policies and priorities ofthe Etiology area.

Dr. Putnam is a biochemistknown for his research in the fieldof plasma proteins, protein syn-thesis, and viral reproduction. Hehas been a member of EPAC sinceJuly 1970.

He will replace Dr. Richard P.Mason, senior vice president forresearch of the American CancerSociety, Inc., whose term on theCommittee expires June 30.

MEDICAL AWARD PRESENTED TO DR. MURAYAMA(Continued from Page 1)

yama, sickle cell anemia has be-come one of the first diseases witha thoroughly understood molecularbasis for pathogenesis, diagnosisand, hopefully, treatment of acuteattacks.

Sickle cell disease, which strikesNegroes almost exclusively, is theresult of a chemically abnormalhemoglobin, the oxygen-carryingpigment in red blood cells.

Insight into the sickling mecha-nism of the disease came primarilyfrom studies using the three-dimen-sional scale model of the humanhemoglobin molecule designed byDr. Murayama, who is in NIAMD'sLaboratory of Physical Biology.

Culminating over 6 years of re-search, Dr. Murayama demon-strated that abnormal chemicalbonding occurs in key positions be-tween certain hemoglobin chains ofabnormal composition in red bloodcells under conditions of lowered

oxygen tension.Such abnormally structured

hemoglobin molecules aggregate inthe form of deforming, elongatedrods which deform the erythrocyte(red blood cell). The cell mem-brane simply conforms to thiselongated "sickled" shape.

Applying these molecular con-cepts of sickling, a research teamin Michigan recently devised a newtreatment for the disease, utilizingadministration of urea in invertsugar.

The presence of urea in the bloodappears to reverse sickling andmay block further sickling of sus-ceptible red blood cells by interfer-ing with the formation of the ab-normal bonds.

Preliminary clinical trials thusfar have been successful in a con-siderable proportion, but furtherlong-term studies are needed toconfirm these observations.

Dr. Murayama received his Ph.D.

Miller Wins Speech ContestHeld by Toastmasters Club

Kenneth Miller, a member ofNIH Toastmasters Club No. 3421,is a co-winner of the club's Di-visional Serious Speech contestheld at the Bethesda Naval Officers'Club for his speech, Stop, Look,and Listen.

Selected out of 825 participantsfrom 37 clubs, Mr. Miller will enterthe Toastmasters' district contest,which will include finalists fromthree divisions of District 36.

Before entering the divisionalcontest, he won both the NIH andArea Serious Speech competitions.

Mr. Miller, a printing specialistin the Printing Section, OAS, hasbeen a member of the Toastmastersfor 2 years.

from the University of Michigan,and did postdoctoral work at theCalifornia Institute of Technology,where he was a student of Dr.Linus Pauling, Nobel Prize winner.

Page 6 May 23, 1972 THE NIH RECORD

Stronger EEO Commitment May ResultIn 'Mutually Beneficial' Relationship

Mr. Laster (second from right) is complimented on the success of the conferencewhich he coordinated by (I to r): Dr. C. Gordon Zubrod, scientific director forChemotherapy, NCI; Dr. Baker, and Dr. Anthony M. Bruno, NCI assistant direc-tor.—Photos by Ed Hubbard.

As part of the NIH effort to strengthen its commitment to equalemployment opportunity and upward mobility, students and faculty fromminority colleges and other schools with a high percentage of minoritystudents met here last month underthe sponsorship of the NationalCancer Institute.

The meetings opened avenues forstrengthening bonds between mi-nority schools and NIH and pro-vided NCI leaders with a chance todescribe professional opportunitieswithin their Institute.

Opening the discussion, NIH Di-rector Dr. Robert Q. Marston sum-marized the agency's role in U.S.medical research, emphasizing thepossibilities for scientific explora-tion through NIH assistance.

"This is a vital and dynamicarea, with important political andsocial implication," Dr. Marstonobserved.

"We must build on knowledge al-ready gained in order to solve otherproblems within and beyond the

Dr. Doris Mitchell, associate professorof Pathology, Columbia University Col-lege of Physicians and Surgeons, dis-cusses effects of the minority confer-ence with Dr. Baker and Dr. RogerEstep, DRS Director.

health field," he added.Dr. Carl G. Baker, former NCI

Director and now Special Assistantto the NIH Director, described theInstitute's accomplishments and

plans to expand its cancer researchprogram.

Dr. Baker contended that profes-sional participation by minoritygroups will enhance the prospects

NIH Visiting ScientistsProgram Participants

4/27—Dr. Masayuki Mitsunaga,Japan, Laboratory of BiomedicalSciences. Sponsor: Dr. Walter H.Glinsmann, NICHD, Naval Medi-cal Center, Rm. 35.

5/1—Dr. Ole Henriksen, Den-mark, Laboratory of Molecular Bi-ology. Sponsor: Dr. Elizabeth Max-well, NIAMD, Bldg. 2, Rm. 207.

5/1—Dr. Gerald Stranzinger,Germany, Pharmacology and Toxi-cology Branch. Sponsor: Dr. Rob-ert E. Staples, NIEHS, ResearchTriangle Park, N.C.

5/3—Dr. Robert A. R. Pearce,United Kingdom, Laboratory ofPhysical Biology. Sponsor: Dr.Edwin D. Becker, NIAMD, Bldg. 2,Rm. B202C.

5/5—Dr. Nicolae Popescu, Ro-mania, Cytogenetics and CytologySection. Sponsor: Dr. Joseph A.DiPaolo, NCI, Bldg. 37, Rm. 2A13.

5/5—Dr. Ricardo Brentani, Bra-zil, Chemistry Branch. Sponsor:Dr. Harry V. Gelboin, NCI, Bldg.37, Rm. 3E24.

of scientific growth.The 3-day conference included

53 representatives from NIH and43 students and teachers from 23U.S. colleges and universities.

Principals from McKinley, Ana-costia, and Roosevelt High Schoolsalso attended.

Administrators, educators, scien-tists, students, and teachers, ex-changed views on future relation-ships with NIH and NCI.

Matters of grants and fellow-ships, employment opportunities,and possible assistance to place-ment directors were discussed.

O. H. Laster, NCI Training Offi-cer and Conference Coordinator,said, "This is not just NCI lookingat students and others from minor-ity colleges and universities, butrather our forming a meaningfulrelationship that will be mutuallybeneficial to both NCI and minorityinstitutions."

Medical technologists in two chemistry laboratories of the CC Clinical Pathology Department explain their work toparticipants in a 3-day, NCI-sponsored conference, who took time out for a tour. Miriam Bowman (left) holds up binarycoded carriers which will be placed in the accessioner to her right—part of a patient identification system—and CarolHuber (right center) explains how the blood-gas analyzer is used.

Experts Meet to PlanInternational Data BankOn Cancer Research

International leaders in the fieldsof information transfer, library r

science, and systems processingare meeting with scientists at Air- hlie House in Warrenton, Va., todevelop plans for an International aCancer Research Data Bank.

The meetings, sponsored by theNational Cancer Institute, startedyesterday (May 22), and will con-tinue until tomorrow (May 24).

Agreements Discussed

Among the subjects discussed *were the international agreementsthat may be necessary for par-ticipating in the collection, storageand dissemination of cancer re-search information.

Dr. Michael B. Shimkin is thegeneral chairman of the sessions. ,̂Dr. Shimkin is coordinator, Re-gional Medical Program, Univer- ,sity of California School of Medi-cine, San Diego.

Dr. Arnold W. Pratt, Director,Division of Computer Research and HTechnology, is among the sessionchairmen. Dr. Pratt heads the in- aformation processors group.

Other NIH scientists attending •the conference are Dr. Gregory T.O'Conor, NCI, and Dr. JosephLeiter, National Library of Medi-

DANA AWARDEES(Continued from Page 1)

tension, strokes and certain othercardiovascular diseases, the studyhas helped to establish a firm basisfor preventive measures directedagainst certain risk factors andthus, to delay or prevent the onsetof such catastrophic cardiovascularevents as a heart attack or stroke.

Largely as a result of the study,elevated blood cholesterol, highblood pressure, cigarette smoking,obesity, and diabetes are now firmlyaccepted as being associated withincreased risk of heart attack andsudden death.

The American Health Foundation,a national voluntary health agencyfounded in 1968, is focusing onthree areas: health research, healtheducation, and health maintenance.

Its newly opened institute is apublic service facility which in-cludes four follow-up clinics de-signed to help individuals stopsmoking, reduce weight and controlhigh blood fat levels, control highblood pressure, and promote gen-eral physical fitness.

These clinics, in turn, support theHealth Maintenance Center, ahighly automated multiphasic test-ing facility operated jointly by theAmerican Health Foundation andthe American Health Corporation.

THE NIH RECORD May 23, 1972 Page 7

Pipette to Measure SmallAmounts of Body FluidDeveloped by Biochemist

A new instrument that will per-mit automated chemical analysesof the small amounts of body fluidsavailable from children has been

' developed by a Clinical Center in-vestigator.

The device, an automated pipette,was developed by H. Harold Nishi,a biochemist in the CC ClinicalPathology Department's ClinicalChemistry Service.

Automated laboratory equipment* now in use require larger samples

of body fluid (100 microliters) thanare usually available from children.Consequently, most tests on pedi-atric samples must be performedmanually by technicians.

A new pipette, which is beingpatented, will be used in the CC

* for most of the common tests thatare currently requested almost asoften for children as for adult pa-tients.

When the new CC pediatric wingthat is being planned for the Na-tional Institute of Child Healthand Human Development is com-pleted, CC officials anticipate thedemand for such tests will be evengreater.

To perform tests, the pipetteautomatically draws 1 to 5 micro-liters of fluid from a well in aspecially designed sample tray andadds reagent.

The t w o are t h e n depositedinto another sample tray and mixed

Go Ape-Speak Verkish'-lt Is Not Easy,But Primates (Non-Human) Are Learning

Mr. Nishi places sample tray into posi-tion under the pipette. The tray is oneinch high, 5 inches long, and less thanVz inch wide and contains wells for12 fluid samples. Automated pipettesnow being used are not capable of ac-curately measuring small amounts offluids.

by a tiny vibrating motion of thepipette tip. Next, the tray is trans-ferred to another instrument thatreads and records the results.

The pipette is capable of meas-uring 1 microliter (1/50 of a drop)from the total fluid sample andniixing it with a small volume ofreagent.

The automated pipettes now

Biji and Lana may soon be "chattering" in Yerkish. Under the watchful eyeof chief animal trainer, Tim Gill, the babies operate computer keys. When theypush the right key they earn a cookie, or something equally rewarding.

By Ginny Fleming

Two apes and a computer may soon "talk" to each other in "Yerkish"at the Yerkes Regional Primate Center of Emory University.

The Yerkes Center is supported by the Division of Research Resources.The National Institute of ChildHealth and Human Development isfunding the experiment.

Biji, a young orangutan, andLana, a chimp, are the star sub-jects in a 4-year study of primate,non-vocal language skills.

Chief investigator, Dr. DuaneRumbaugh, a psychologist withGeorgia State University and anexpert on ape intelligence, hopes todevelop a technology for testingand studying the animals' lang-uage-related behaviors and theconditions which control the devel-opment of language.

E. C. von Glasersseld and PierP. Pisani of the University ofGeorgia, and Professor HaroldWarner of the Yerkes center areco-investigators.

The project involves interactionbetween a PDP8 computer and thetwo apes, beginning at a very sim-ple level and gradually becomingmore complex.

The computer is equipped with akeyboard; each key has a symbolon it representing, in "Yerkish,"such things as candy, companions,and water.

available are not capable of ac-curately measuring these smallamounts of fluids.

At present, the pipette is part ofa prototype system and has beenapplied to 15 of the more commonlyrequested tests. However, it couldperform chemical tests and even-tually may replace the currentlyautomated systems.

Now it takes a technician aslong as 2 minutes to perform sim-ilar tests manually. Automatedtechniques now used for largersamples perform at the rate of onetest every minute.

Initially, the little apes are taughtto push keys and to associate aspecific symbol with a specific ob-ject. Through a separate vendingmachine the apes are rewardedwith a cookie if they push thecookie button, etc.

Periodically, the key arrange-ments are changed to make surethat the animals are not merelylearning the placement.

At first, just as a small child de-mands "cookie" from his mother,Biji and Lana will press one keyto ask for a cookie. This key's sym-bol contains all of the symbols for"Give me a cookie."

Later, the apes will have to rec-ognize the symbol broken down intotwo, three, and finally four sec-tions, or words, in the correct syn-tactical sequence, to get a cookiefrom the computer.

The computer will "talk back"to the apes using the same sym-bols on five, in-line projectors.

Every time the apes are chal-lenged and respond correctly, theywill be appropriately rewardedwith objects or events, such astrips outdoors.

Coupled with the direct rewardwill be a pulsating light and asoft-tone sound. After an incom-plete response or no response, thesystem shuts down for a "time-out" minute with no reinforcement.

The proposed language-learningprogram, to be given daily, is verysimilar to that of a young childlearning to communicate. In 6months, when the project's mainthrust is planned, Biji and Lanawill be 2 years old, their age cor-responding approximately to a 3-year-old child with maximum learn-ing capability.

Swedish Medical FacultyHonors Dr. Ichiji Tasaki

The Medical Faculty of the Uni-versity of Uppsala in Sweden hasawarded an honorary doctorate toDr. Ichiji Tasaki, National Insti-tute of Mental Health.

Dr. Tasaki, who is in the Lab-oratory of Neurobiology, will ac-cept the title of Doctor HonorisCausa at the University's annual"Promotion Day," on June 2.

The Swedish University also pre-sents a diploma, a special hat, anda gold ring with symbols of Es-culapius to the prestiguous scien-tists who have received this honor.Pioneers in Many Fields

Dr. Tasaki has pioneered inmany fields of neurobiology. He isnoted for his experimental workwhich has contributed to the devel-opment of neurophysiology.

In 1970-71, Dr. Tasaki workedwith Professor Torsten Teorell,professor of Physiology at Uppsala,and a former FIC scholar who re-sided at Stone House during histenure here.

Both scientists conducted jointresearch in Dr. Tasaki's laboratoryon the campus, and also collabor-ated on several papers which werepublished in professional journals.

NIEHS ROLE(Continued from Page 1)

noxious agents or factors."Operationally, we seek first to

identify those agents or factorswhich are potentially hazardousand then to assess the degree oftheir hazard to man," he concluded.

The specific concerns of NIEHSinclude pesticides, carcinogenesis,microwaves, teratogenesis, noise,radiation, occupational hazards, andmutagenesis.

Planned tests for future yearsinclude a study of abstract com-prehension. For example, afterwatching a movie, the apes will bequestioned.

Their responses will be studiedstatistically by the computer forevidence of syntactic understand-ing, and language capabilities.

Dr. Rumbaugh is convinced thatapes do have some capacity fornon-vocal, language-related behav-iors.

"Even if we find that apes can-not master syntax, we will have asystem of studying language for-mation that might eventually beused to work with mentally re-tarded children," said Dr. Rum-baugh.

"The ape and the mentally re-tarded child both suffer from cir-cumscribed language abilities.Knowledge of precise conditionsnecessary for language growth andof ways to enhance expression oflimited language may uniquelyequip us to teach the mentally re-tarded," the researcher explained.

Page 8 May 23, 1972 THE NIH RECORD

COMMUNICATIONS TEST TOO

After 10 Years in the Planning Stages,Dr. Karl Frank Will Sail Atlantic Ocean

The "Via Mara" is a 42' 9" yawl designed by Spark & Stevens and built byAbeling and Rasmussen. The forward mainmast is 55' high with a 25' antennaattached to it. The boat is 1 1 ' 3" on the beam with an external lead keel anda bronze center board—4' 4" draft up and 8' 4" down. The yawl contains a36-horsepower Mercedes diesel engine, weighs 3Vi tons, and sleeps six.

After 10 years in the planning stages, Dr. Karl Frank, his wife,and four others, are embarking May 27 on a 30-day sailing voyageacross the Atlantic Ocean from Whitehall Creek in Annapolis toGibraltar.

During the vacation cruise, the NIH Radio Amateur Club—call lettersK3YGG—will attempt to contactthe "Via Mara" as part of a testof the emergency communicationssystem on the campus.

Each day, between 12:20 and12:40 p.m., EDT, Dr. Frank willtry to get through to the radioclub and give his position, sea andweather conditions, and informa-tion regarding the crew's health.

In case of emergency, the radiooperators at NIH will monitorthe boat's frequencies continually.

If needed, Dr. John Lynch, headof the Employee Health Service,will be available to give instruc-tion by radio on treatment of anyinjuries.First Stop Bermuda

The first leg of the cruise willbe past Norfolk, Va., across theGulf Stream, to Bermuda whichshould take 4 to 5 days.

From Bermuda, they will pickup the eastern trades—prevailingwinds—on a great circle route tothe Azores, which will take 2 to3 weeks if the winds are fair.

San Miguel, Az., will be a shortstopover before the final 10-dayvoyage to Gibraltar.

Dr. Frank will travel with hiswife, Peg, son Eric, and his wifeJane, and Hank Leroy, an FAAemployee, and his wife Brickie,who is with the Laboratory ofNeurophysiology, NIMH.

Canned food will be the mainstaple for the voyage. Due to thecorrosive salty atmosphere, alllabels have been removed from thecans and the containers have beenre-marked and dipped in varnish

^

K3YGG-the call sign of NIHRAC-will monitor Dr. Frank on this trans-mitter/receiver in the basement ofBldg. 10. They will broadcast over CW7.073 MHz (megahertz) until the boatreaches Bermuda. The frequency willthen be changed to 14.033 MHz for theremainder of the trip to Spain.

to prevent rusting.Electrical power will be a major

problem for the cruise, Dr. Franksaid, because with six people onboard there isn't much room leftto carry anything but essentialsfor such a long trip.

These include a radio directionfinder, compasses, sextants, a self-inflatable rubber life raft, and 15different sails to be kept on board.

A Honda generator and 10 gal-

Malignancies DiscussedAt Annual PHS Meeting

A number of NIH scientists aswell as other experts in the publichealth field, particularly healthmanpower and drug abuse, will dis-cuss malignancies at the next PHSprofessional meeting in New YorkCity, May 30-June 2.

Some 200 research papers to bepresented at the seventh joint an-nual meeting of the U.S. PublicHealth Service Clinical Society andCommissioned Officers Association,will cover virtually every discipline.

Dr. John G. Veneman, HEWUnder Secretary, will deliver thebanquet address.

Four National Cancer Institutescientists will participate in theOpening General Session on Can-cer. Dr. Peter Wiernik, head, Medi-cal Oncology, Baltimore CancerResearch Center, Baltimore PHSHospital, will speak on Adult Leu-kemia.

Supportive Care will be the topicof Dr. Stephen Schimpff, actingassistant head of Medical Oncology.

Dr. Paul Carbone, associate sci-entific director for Clinical Trials,will speak about Carcinoma of theBreast, while Carcinoma of theLung will be discussed by Dr. OlegSelawry, head of the NCI-VA Med-ical Oncology Service.

Other NIH scientists will speakat the Specialty Sessions.

A highlight of the meeting willbe the J. D. Lane Award Compe-tition. The winner receives a plaqueand $200 honorarium for the bestscientific paper presented by ajunior scientist.

Four NIH scientists are amongthis year's finalists.

Ions of gasoline will provideenough power to operate the radiofor one hour each day, but amake-shift hand-driven generatorwill be taken to provide electricalpower in case of emergency.

The boat's 36-horsepower engineand enough fuel to operate for 35hours will be used mainly for en-tering and leaving ports.

But the crew allowed themselvesone luxury. "We purchased acasette tape recorder to providemusic during- the cruise. Eachfamily had the recorder for oneweek to tape their favorite musicbecause we all have our owntastes in music and they defi-nitely differ," Dr. Frank com-mented.

Dr. Frank will return to hisposition as chief of the Labora-tory of Neural Control, NationalInstitute of Neurological Diseasesand Stroke, by the end of July.

He will leave the "Via Mara" inSpain. It will be sailed back byDr. M. G. F. Fuortes, chief of theLab of Neurophysiology, NINDS,Richard Newell, NIMH, and othersleaving the Mediterranean for theU. S. around July 15.

Dr. Fox Named NINDSCollaborative and FieldResearch Asso. Director

Dr. Leo Fox has been namedassociate director for Collabora-tive and Field Research, NationalInstitute of Neurological Diseasesand Stroke.

Formerly with the National Aero-nautics and Space Administration,Dr. Fox was Director of the Aero-nautical Life Sciences Division and,previously, deputy director of theBiotechnology and Human Re-search Division.Background Given

At NASA, he planned and di-rected research programs involvingaeromedicine, man-machine inter-actions, and life-support systemswhich gave him experience in man-aging in-house research, as well ascontracts and grants with privateindustry, educational institutions,and Government agencies.

Dr. Fox has served as executivesecretary to the NASA AdvisoryCommittee on Human Researchand Biotechnology and as the chiefliaison officer with the NationalAcademy of Sciences Space Medi-cine Committee.New Position Described

In these positions, he served onad hoc panel studies including car-diovascular and respiratory physi-ology, infectious diseases, andradio-biology.

At NINDS, Dr. Fox will headcollaborative perinatal research(correlating factors in pregnancyand early life causing cerebralpalsy, mental retardation, andother neurological disorders) ; epi-demiological research, and specialprojects including studies in epi-lepsy, head and spinal cord injury,stroke, and cerebral death.

In addition, he will help formu-late policies relating to the Insti-tute's research program.

In 1966, Dr. Fox received hisPh.D. from Boston University inBiology and Physiology.

Dr. Edward F. MacNichol, Jr. (r), NINDSDirector, welcomes Dr. Fox to his newoffice.