May 23, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13679 sons asserting such claims would be subject; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. BETTS: H.R. 10257. A bill to amend the Internal

Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a credit for amounts paid for tuition or fees to institu­tions of higher education or for occupational training or retraining, to allow a credit for taxes paid for public education, and to ex­empt from income tax certain scholarships, fellowships, and student assistantships and certain earnings by undergraduate college students; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. CONYERS: H.R. 10258. A bill to require the establish­

ment, on the basis of the 18th and subse­quent decennial censuses, of congressional districts composed of contiguous and com­pact territory for the election of Representa­tives, and for other purposes; to the Com­mittee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. DOLE (for himself, Mr. MIZE, Mr. WINN, Mr. SHRIVER, and Mr. SKUBITZ):

H.R. 10259. A bill to reclassify certain posi­tions in the postal field service, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

By Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania: H.R. 10260. A bill to amend the Internal

Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a credit against income tax to individuals for certain expenses incurred in providing higher edu­cation; to the Committee on Ways and Means.

By Mr. OTTINGER: H.R. 10261. A bill to promote the public

welfare; to the Committee on Government Operations.

By Mr. O'HARA of Illinois: H.R. 10262. A bill to amend the Older

Americans Act of 1965 so as to extend its provisions; to the Committee on Education and Labor.

By Mr. WAGGONNER: H.R. 10263. A bill relating to the conserva­

tion of natural resources upon lands of the United States and amending certain provi­sions of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act and the Mineral Leasing Act; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. GROSS (for himself, Mr. SCHWENGEL, Mr. KYL, Mr. MAYNE, and Mr. SCHERLE) :

H. Con. Res. 356. Concurrent resolution to express the sense of Congress with respect to an investigation and study to determine

the potential of railroad passenger and mail transportation in the United States; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­merce.

By Mr. KING of New York: H. Con. Res. 357. Concurrent resolution

expressing the sense of Congress that in the Interest of peace 1n Vietnam the Govern­ment of the United States should only con­sider further expansions of trade, educa­tional and cultural exchanges, and other re­lated agreements with the Soviet Union and its East European satellites when there is demonstrable evidence that their actions and policies with regard to Vietnam have been redirected toward peace and an honorable settlement and when there is demonstrable evtdence tha;t they have abandoned rtheir policy of support for so-called wa.rs of na­·tional Ubemtion; to the Committee on For­eign Affairs.

By Mr. JOHNSON o:t Pennsylvania: H. Con. Res. 35.S. Concurrent resolution

reaffirming the support of the Congress for United Nations peacekeeping and peacemak­ing operations, and for other purposes; t6 the Committee on Foreign Atfairs.

By Mr. RAILSBACK: H. Con. Res. 359. Concurrent resolution to

express the sense of Congress with respect to an investigation and study to determine the potential of railroad passenger and mail transportation in the United States; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­merce.

By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: H. Res. 486. ReEolution concerning law en­

forcement; to the Committee on the Judi­ciary.

By Mr. O'KONSKI: H. Res. 487. Resolution concerning law en­

forcement; to the Committee on the Judi­ciary.

By Mr. PUCINSKI: H. Res. 488. Resolution to retain peace in

the Middle East; to the Committee on For­eign Affairs.

By Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia (for himself, Mr. CORBETT, Mr. HALL, Mr. MCCLURE, Mr. COWGER, Mr. RHODES of Arizona, Mr. EDWARDs of Alabama, Mr. ZION, Mr. ZWACH, Mr. WINN, Mr. WILLIAMS of Pennsylvania, Mr. DEN· NEY, Mr. ANDERSON of IlUnois, Mr. ERLENBORN, Mr. ScOTT, Mr. HOSMER, Mr. HUNT, Mr. AsHBROOK, Mr. STEI­GER of Arizona, Mr. POLLOCK, and Mr. SNYDER):

H. Res. 489. Resolution concerning law en­forcement; to the Committee on the Judi­ciary.

By Mr. WINN: H. Res. 490. Resolution concerning law en­

forcement; to the Committee on the Judi­ciary.

By Mr. WYMAN: H. Res. 491. Resolution concerning law en­

forcement; to the Committee on the Judi­ciary.

MEMORIALS

Under clause 4 of rule XXII, 204. The SPEAKER presented a memorial

of the Legislature of the State of California, relative to the San Felipe division of the Central Valley project, California; which was referred to the committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS

Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows:

By Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania: H.R. 10264. A bill for the relief of Ohannes

Hashas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. . By Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania:

H.R. 10265. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Angelina Cardellina; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. TENZER: H.R. 10266. A bill for the relief of Dr. Hos­

sein Firooznia; to the Committee on the Ju­diciary.

H.R. 10267. A bill for the relief of Dr. Jo­seph Pen-Tze Lin; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

H.R. 10268. A bill for the relief of Dr. Jesus S. Santos, Jr.; to the Committee on the Ju­diciary.

H.R. 10269. A bill for the relief of Dr. Fred Philip Slew; to the Committee on the Ju­diciary.

H.R. 10270. A bill for the relief of Dr. Er­nesto R. Tangu111g; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

H.R. 10271. A b1ll for the relief of Dr. Eddy Chi-kwang Tong; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. WOLFF: H.R. 10272. A bill for the relief of Argyrios

Korogiannis; to the Committee on the Ju­diciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The Merits of Aviation Education in Our Schools

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OJ'

HON. DON H. CLAUSEN OF CALIFORNIA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, May 23, 1967

Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, recently I was asked to give the keynote address in New York City at the unveil­ing of a new general aviation. trainer known as the GAT-I. In that address, I attempted to draw attention to the many benefits to be gained from exposing youth to aviation education at the ear­liest possible age and the importance of teaching the e1ements of aviation right along with scholastic subjects.

I have long been active in flight train­ing programs' for high schools in north-

ern California, Mr. Speaker, because lfi-identification and recognition in a com­have long held that the airplane pro-W plex society which they feel is passing vides a partial but effe~tive ans'Yer to;!J them by. Problems of youth and juvenile many of ~he problems be1~g expe~I~nced, f delinquency are national problems for by and with our youth. Flight trammg, I , i which our leaders and educators desper­submit, provides both motivation and.· ately seek answers. In my judgment, Mr. a challenge for both boys and girls and it Speaker, aviation education is one an­permits them to see for themselves, at swer. Not everyone, it is true, can learn ·an early age, what the future holds in' to fty but the great majority can be ex-store for them. i posed to fight training.

A case in point, which received nation- we have all seen how .the "age of wide recognition last summer, was when flight" has enhanced our daily lives, our a 16-year-old high school student from ability to shrink vast oceans and con­my district flew solo in a family-rebuilt tinents, and our capability to commu­plane from California to Washington, nicate more effectively with our fellow­D.C., and back via Florida and the Ba- men. Today, man reaches for the stars hama Islands in a rare feat of airman- in space-flights thought virtually im­ship. Recently this young man, Ron Can- possible a scant 25 years ago. But, in at­trell, of Santa Rosa, Calif., was recog- tempting to get to the moon, I would nized as the "Outstanding Young Man hope that we do not overlook the many of Flight" at the International Exposi- untapped uses of conventional aircraft tion of Flight in Las Vegas, Nev. here on earth.

Many of our youth today need motiva- Mr. SpPaker, I submit for inclusion in tion and a challenge. Many more seek the RE'coRn the full text of my address

13680 :CONGRESSIONA~ RECORD- HOUSE May 29, 1967

on the merits of aviation education in our schools: ADDRESS BY HON. DON H. CLAUSEN, REPRESENT­

ATIVE IN CONGRESS, FIRST DISTRICT, CALIFOR­NIA, AT THE UNVEILING OF THE GENERAL AVIATION TRAINER-GAT-1-APRIL 24, 1967

On the recent cover of the Life magazine issue of Aprll 21, 1967, a provocative picture is portrayed. The words in bold print, "Mod­ern Society's Growing Challenge-The Strug­gle To Be An Individual," appear.

I have the feeling that this article was timed to coincide with what we are attempt­ing to do. Quite honestly, I believe tha.t what we are presenting today oould at least pro­vide some of the answers to meet this challenge.

Our society has become too complex. We ate locked in by the mobs and the trends toward collectivization. We are victims of planners who have concentrated on the masses and left too little room for the indi­vidual. Young people are rebelling-seeking a way out of their entrapment. They are des­perate in their quest for individual recogni­tion and expression.

As the article states so well, "One of the unforeseen consequences of the welfare state is that it leaves so little room for personal idealisms; another is that it mutes the chal­lenge to self-definition. All this is but an­other way of saying that it satisfies the anxieties of the middle-aged while stifling the creative energies of the young."

Whether you want to admit it or not, one need only to look around us today and you w111 conclude that this is happening to our youth-partially because of our affiuence, partially because of major technological ad­vances in communications and transporta­tion systems and equipment and partially because of an over-emphasis on personal se­curity and a lack of attention given to incen­tives or reward for initiative.

Certainly no Grea1; Society will evolve un­less you have a great people-great people are balanced people. This can only occur if we reinstate educational programs that per­mit the individual to put to use his God­given creative energies and at the same time .demonstrate to himself and others that, given the chance, he can excel-he can exert and express himself in a most constructive znanner.

Human energy is the mainspring to prog­ress. Creative human energy, properly di­rected, will determine the future course the United States and its people will take. We wm be a Nation of leaders or a Nation of followers. God only knows, the world is cry­ing for qualified leaders to emerge in all corners of the Globe.

It is conceivable to me that the purpose for which we are assembled may well turn out to be an historic day.

An exciting new era in general aviation ls being launched today as we unveil the Link General Aviation Trainer, GAT-1. This represents a major breakthrough in providing aviation education tools and equipment for the private and public SC'hools of America.

We are in the space age. Our young people are constantly seeking challenges with new horizons to conquer. What could be more appropriate than early exposure and a solid foundation i:q all phases of aviation?

Over 20 years ago, we placed a surplus World War II Link trainer in the classroom of Del Norte High School in California. I've seen the results first hand and have long advocated the placement of flight s.imulators in the schools of our country.

In October, 1965, I gave an address before the National Business Aircraft Association in which I said:

"I am of the view that a broader exposure to aviation education at the earliest possible age would pay great dividends in later years.

"In addition to textbooks, I would like to see an inexpensive Flight Simulator devel­oped for placement and use in the grade

school classrooms of the country. A more sophisticated simulator could be made avail­able to the high school and college level student. For those students that demonstrate an average-to-above aptitude, the next step would be flight trainin~ in aircraft or gliders."

Those were my comments in 1965. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Arthur Godfrey said on his CBS radio program "Dimension":

"It's gratifying for those of us who fly to learn that some public high schools are now teaching the elements of aviation right along with scholastic subjects. The idea is catching on and there will come a day when young­sters learn to tlY the way we hope they are being taught to drive a car. Let me bring you up-to-date on flight training in our schools:

"What leaves the school drop-out with a spirit so dead, he wouldn't cut right out to the classroom if it contained a flight simula­tor? I mean a simulator, a working model of an aircraft cockpit with all the controls and instruments-only it never leaves the ground. Congressman Don Clausen of California is one who would like to see an inexpensive flight simulator developed for use in grade school classrooms, too. Not just high schools, grade schools-and not a toy either.

"For the high school and college level stu­dents, of course, there would be more sophis­ticated simulators. And the good Congress­man, Don H. Clausen, believes the above­average student should go on to actual flight training. Learn to handle an airplane just as he is taught now to drive a car. The Con­gressman, working with school ofticials in his hometown of Crescent City, California, saw such a program established and he has seen what can be done to motivate young men and women to improve their education when such training is available."

Today, as I am reading to you these words from Arthur Godfrey's Broadcast, I am seeing my dream come true, with the GAT-1 an­nouncement. The education profession ot America now has an exciting educational aid to place in their classrooms. It will serve to motivate students to improve their education and alert them to a broader purpose in life.

The basic trainer, GAT-1, I am told would lend itself to train the lower grade levels of education. I have long asked the question, "Why should our kids have to wait to go to the fairgrounds to enjoy the thrlll of flying a 'make believe' airplane?" Particularly, when you consider tt can be used as a tool to increase his or her interests in education if a basic or elementary flight simulator could be placed in the classroom. Imagine what this would do for the teacher, if she could "reward" her students for improving their education and at the same time coordinate her teaching material to show the student why it is necessary to learn the "Three R's" for our rapidly changing aviation and space age.

The basic trainer will have motion to demonstrate the effect of applying controls laterally, longitudinally and horizontally. It will provide the sound of aircraft in flight. And, in the future, I have been advised, they are working on the addition of a visual sys­tem that might simulate adverse weather and/or terrain conditions. What a boon to safety that would be. Buffeting and Stalls can also be "cranked ln."

Add to this the radio communication pro­cedure·s for tower and c~oss country naviga­tion under VFR and IFR conditions and one can certainly begin to realize the vast po­tential of this modern educational tool.

Advancement of the State of the Art has made all of this possible and it promises to broaden its influence on education as more uses are discoverPd.

Returning briefly to my earlier comments about providing educ·ational programs that provide a maximum challenge to the individual:

The programmed lea..-ning techniques of GAT-1 are used to present the subject matter that is required in developing general avia-

tion skills. This allows a student to progress at his own best rate. Training manuals anc;l workbooks are offered for the instructor and the student. They are designed to meet the needs of high schools, colleges and flight school operators.

The lessons are sequenced using small in­crements so that the trainee can achieve progress in his flight training in a satis­factory manner. The system provides feed­back to the student so he can assess his own progress and his own level of retention. It has a bullt-in "motivator" in that it will con­tinue to challenge him. He will never be able to achieve what might be Cl:!.lled "perfect performance" because he will always find areas wherein he can improve his skills and increase the reliability of his performance.

The FAA, and in particular, Bob Reynolds, Ralph Lovering, George Stathers, Merv Strickler and Bob O'Nelll, has been most helpful in seeing that this agency keeps abreast of new training equipment and tech­niques as they relate to general aviation.

It is encouraging to me as a Congressman to learn that the Federal Aviation Adminis­tration has recognized the value of pilot ground trainers. Just recently, through the issuance of the Notice of Proposed Rule Making, the FAA has prepared a comprehen­sive training package designed to up-grade and modernize pilot training and certifica­tion.

To me, the most significant feature of the proposal is the recognition of training given by certlflca ted pilot instructors in a pilot ground trainer. Recent developments in the field of ground trainers indicate they may be used effectively for VFR as well as IFR flight training. It was through research sponsored by the FAA that the potential value of this type of training was proved.

The proposed recognition of training in ground devices--intentionally wlll not be limited as to kind and procedures so as not to discourage the development of different trainers and teaching methods as a pattern of effective instruction develops. The Admin­istration would further modify the regula­tions to grant special recop-.. 1itlon for the training discovered to be rr.ost valuable.

Although the proposal recognizes increased piloting experience necessary for both a com­mercial and private certificate, 15 hours of the increased time for the private could be obtained in the ground trainer and 50 hours of the increased time required for commercial certification could be obtained in the ground trainer.

The unveiling of your GAT-1 today could have a significant bearing on the training for our pilots for the future. Certainly, anyone with an ounce of vision can see how a series of flight simulators, from an elementary basic trainer in grade schools, a more so­phisticated general aviation trainer at the high school and college level, the jet simu­lator for advanced civil and military aviation and then the ultimate In simulators for ad­vanced supersonic and space craft, can pro­ject what tomorrow will provide in the way of challenges and opportunities for our youth.

The educational foundation must be built now, the young people of America must see. at an early age, what the future holds in store for them.

What better start could we offer them than that which is being unveiled todav. This is "Operation Headstart" in the field of aviation education.

Just as we are appearing here today in New York, we all know too well the locked-in feeling of many of our young people, looking for something in the way of an exciting chal­len~e to be presented to them.

Throughout our nation we have young people turning to crime and violence because of their inability to see how they can par­ticipate with a broader purpose, in the eco­nomic and social aspects of life in our nation, our hemisphere and potentially the world.

May 2.3, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - r HOUSE 13681 They fail to see "the Big Picture"-all they see is their immediate surroundings.

Can you imagine what a flight simulator would do for the young people of the big cities who could never see an airplane close up, let alone, fiy one. How does the young man 1n New York or Chicago or Philadel­phia or Los Angeles become motivated to see the big picture-how he could partici­pate in the social and economic development of our emerging nations that are craving for qualified people who understand the workings of Democracy and the free enter­prise system.

I believe early exposure to the GAT-1 might start him down the road to excellence because he sees the "way out" of his current dilemma-he sees that opportunities do exist everywhere in the world, providing he is qualified.

Once exposed, he . can't help but become excited with the fact that he has an oppor­tunity to advance himself-to become in­volved with the broad program of improving our way of life at home and abroad.

During the past two years, Jack Hunt of Embry-Riddle, Jack Crannell, myself and others have been working on a plan to offer specialized aviation education 1n emerging nations. It is planned that special private institutions wm be established in selected countries, sponsored by private capital, fol­lowing the guidelines of free enterprise. At the present time, we have four colleges with special programs in technical education developing pilot programs for our plan.

Research has indicated that the problem of training and educating the people of these countries will require a special technique. By and large these people have not been exposed to a mechanical life comparable to that of American youth. Essentially, these young people are "camel drivers" who will require a concentrated course in "machine" operation. It is readily apparent that to try to accomplish this training in an airplane would be expensive and potentially danger­ous. We have come to the conclusion, there­fore, that to be effective in this program it will be necessary to develop and utmze rela­tively inexpensive simulators and synthetic trainers with the capability of doing pro­cedures training under close supervision.

There is, of course, another rapidly grow­ing need for simulated and synthetic training right here in our own United States. When the changes presently proposed by the FAA to minimum requirements for private and commercial pilots are adopted, it will be necessary to make more efficient use of train­ing devices to insure the level of competency desired by the FAA. ·

Judicious use of trainers can afford a modicum of continuity in the training sequence of ~ prospective pilot regardless of weather conditions. With the increasing seriousness of the "crowded sky", other areas wm begin to experience the same satura­tion as presently exists in the major metro­politan areas. Certainly, effective use of sim­ulators and synthetic trainers will allow us to reduce the in-fiight congestion and still provide effective training with increased safety.

The world is filled with problems but the world is also filled with potentials and op­portunities for people who are qualified and willing to solve them. ·

Education today must provide the man­power training programs for these people. Th~s requires new tools and visual aids to maximize the efforts of our teaching pro­fession.

It is ·a proven fact that an extraordinarily high percentage of pilots who returned from World War II are among the leaders of our business, professional and political com­munity. They learned the advantages of mob111ty that goes with the ability to fiy. They were indoctrinated thoroughly about the need to maintain a high degree of flexibility. They were reminded constantly

of the requirements for a superb individual performance. This was a program that de­manded individual responsibility at its best.

Having been a Navy carrier pilot myself during World War II, I feel that my own career has been a living example of what I have referred to.

Having already enjoyed a full life I am most anxious to have others share in the re­warding experience of "handling the con­trols" in one's personal exposure to the realm of fiight. I believe GAT-1 will do this.

We have driver education programs-why not flying education? We have public and private Peace Corps-why not flying Peace Corps? I sincerely believe this Conference has placed us on the launching pad of a program that I hope will someday put "Wings on Americanism", with the hoped for objective of genuine .peace on earth and good will toward all mankind, with liberty and justice for all.

Many years ago, Paul" Revere rode his horse through the community to "wake the town ~nd tell the people." Today I stand before you trying to express a similar thought. I be­lieve the time has come for a number of Paul Reveres to wake our nation and tell its peo­ple-to wake the world and alert tbem to their unlimited poss·ibilities "just over the horizon"-with the proper use of aircraft for constructive purposes, domestically and in tern a tionally.

Surely you would agree, however, that with our increasing world security problems such as Vietnam and contemplated other poten­tial Vietnams in other sections of the world, we cannot resort to the use of a horse to transmit the American message to other countries.

We must become airborne. I believe the time has come to organize

and mobilize our c-onstructive forces to put Communism on rbhe defenslve for a change by demonstrating how the American miracle can work in other sections of the World.

All Americans can and must participate. In my judgment, this is the only way we can expect to retain security for our cherished way of life.

This is a bold program-! hope you wm agree-it has imagination. It is a challenge I'd like to "sink my teeth in." It is a chal­lenge we can and must meet. Pleas,e join with me in saying "America First" for a change-the world and its people will wel­come the restoration of the America they once knew, loved and respected.

Administration on Middle East

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. JOSHUA EILBERG OF PENNSYLVANIA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, May 23, 1967

Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, President Johnson's statement on the present Mid­dle East crisis is a firm and positive stand that should make clear to all the world this Nation's unequivocal commitment to the cause of justice, law, and order every­where.

I applaud vigorously the Pr.esident's bold and forthright statement concern­ing the grave new tensions that have been provoked in that area of the world. The right of a nation's access to international seas is indisputable under international law, and depriving a nation of that free right of access is clearly against both na­tional and international interests. The recent actions that threaten to cut off

Israel's passage to the Gulf of Aqaba wili · surely aggravate a situation that is al­ready inflamed.

President Johnson is performing a great service to the world community by seeking to bring about a settlement in this crisis. We hope, of course, only dip­lomatic action may be necessary but we are prepared for whatever action may be needed to live up to our commitments to Israel.

Vietnam Protesters ~nd Operation Appreciation

EXTENSION OF REMARKS o•

HON. HENRY P. SMITH III OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, May 23, 1967

Mr. SMITH·of New York. Mr. Speaker, under the banner of the "Spring Mobili­zation To End the War in Vietnam,'' noisy antiwar protests demonstrations were held on April 15 in San Francisco and New York. Millions of Americans throughout this Nation were appalled at the mockery of the burning of Old Glory and selective service draft cards, the carrying of Vietcong flags, and the utter­ances of inflammatory and grossly dis­loyal statements by a relatively young group. In furtherance of their aims, these demonstrations received extended headline treatment and worldwide atten­tion as reported by the national mass­communications media.

Only 72 hours later, another group numbering slightly less than 100 in all assembled here in our Nation's Capital: In a highly organized manner, they were instructed to report to the Rayburn House Office Building. Without the bene­fit of shoulder-length hairdos and scrag­gly beards, and having in common with the protesters only a similarity of youth­fulness, this small group struggled into the Rayburn Building-some on stretch­ers and some in wheelchairs, others aided and supported by crutches or canes. These were U.S. marines wounded in Vietnam, all patients at Bethesda Naval Hospital. Beaming with pride in their country and themselves, they were in­vited to Capitol Hill to attend a congres­sional reception in their honor, co­sponsored by Representatives BoB MA­THIAS, Republican, of California, and JAMES C. CoRMAN, Democrat, of Cali­fornia, both former marines themselves. Needless to say, the American public at large and the aggressors in Hanoi and Peking heard very little, if anything, about this informal gathering to ex­press congressional support and appreci­ation for those who made great personal sacrifices in defense of freedom.

Along with many leaders of the House and Senate, invited Congressmen, mili­tary leaders, dignitaries, and guests to­taling some 400 in all, I was privileged and honored to attend this reception. I have never felt more humble than in the presence of these young though combat­hardened marines. And if they are a rep­resentative· sampling Of tomorrow's lead­ers of this gre.at Nation, as most of us

13682 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 23, 1967 know truly well they are, then we can all look forward to the future with con­fidence and pride, inspired by this new breed of mature, responsible, and deter­mined Americans. .

Mr. Speaker, I would be remiss if I did not point with equal pride and recognize the individual responsible for initiating this reception in the first place, one who for the past 12 months has spearheaded one of the Nation's outstanding Ameri­can-action programs of homefront sup­port for wounded Vietnam veter.ans. His naine is James E. Merna and the pro­gram that he originated and leads as chairm.an is called Operation Appre­ciation.

Originally a native of Piermont, N.Y., Jim Me'rna is a 34-year-old husband and father who spent most of his early life in c.a'tholic orphanages in Rockland County, N.Y., along with five brothers and one sister. Two weeks after the out­break of the Korean war in 1950, Jim, then 17 enlisted in the Marine Corps and saw a y~ar of combat duty in Kore,a with the 5th Marine Regiment, a renowned unit performing admirably in Vietnam today. After completing his 3-year en­listment, Jim enrolled at the University of M,aryland, financed in part by the GI bill and a part-time job cleaning univer­sity dormitories. He also found time to manage the university varsity basketball team for 4 continuous years. In ,addition to meeting his future wife at college, Jim also earned a B.S. degree in business ad­ministration in 1957. For the past 6 years, Jim has been employed as .an ad­ministrative assistant at the U.S. Patent Office in Washington.

Launched in May 1966, Operation Ap­preciation is a continuing aid and recre­ational program sponsored by Jim's Post, the General Douglas MacArthur Post, Catholic War Veterans, USA, Landover Hills, Maryland, for the benefit and en­joyment of all of the Vietnam-wounded u.S. marines recuperating at Bethesda Naval Hospital. When the program be­gan there were only some 50 wounded marines at Bethesda. Today, there are three times that number.

Since its inception, Operation Appre­ciation, in its usual quiet fashion, has arranged 21 different fun-packed events over the · past 12 consecutive months for the Bethesda-hospitalized marines. These events and activities have covered a broad spectrum ranging from the at­tendance of the patients at college and professional baseball, football, basketball, boxing, and lacrosse games to the staging of variety shows, trips to the theater, picnics, sports banquets, and pizza parties.

An intensive gift drive campaign with many local and na tiona! business firms was also undertaken by Jim Merna and his fellow Douglas MacArthur Post members. As a result, the marine vet­erans were presented with innumerable gift items such as stationery, pens and pencils, magazines, tie clips, razor blades, razors, shaving lotions, cigarette lighters, games, handkerchiefs, candy, toothbrushes, toothpaste, and combs. The hospital itself was also presented with four television sets, radios, and electric razors.

Constantly seeking new ideas and

projects to amuse and entertain the Bethesda-hospitalized marines, Jim placed a long-distance telephone call one night not too long ago to Joe Garagiola, NBC sportscaster and former major league baseball player, at his home in Scarsdale, N.Y., and asked him to pay a cheerup visit to the patients. Joe en­thusiastically accepted, even adjusted his schedule, and flew to Washington. In ad­dition to his highly amusing banter of sports stories, Joe Garagiola showed some film clips from previous appear­ances on national television shows. Garagiola was an instant success with the patients. On another occasion, Jim and his associates brought about one­third of the players from the Washing­ton Redskins football team, led by such All-Pro stars as Sam Huff, Sonny Jur­gensen, and Bobby Mitchell, out to the hospital to visit the marines. The pa­tients are still talking about this visit. ...

Mr. Speaker, in his stirring address to the Congress on April 28, Gen. William C. Westmoreland, the commanding gen­eral of all American forces in Vietnam, remarked:

When a field commander does not have to look over his shoulder to see whether he is being supported, he can concentrate on the battlefield with much greater assurance of success.

He further stated: Backed at home by resolve, confidence,

patience, determination and continued sup­port, we will prevail in Viet Nam over the Communist aggressor.

I can find no clearer evidence of re­sponse to General Westmoreland's re­quest for homefront support than in the Operation Appreciation program being conducted by the General Douglas Mac­Arthur Post of the Catholic War Vet­erans of America.

President, Nation Honor Small Business­men, Foundation of Our Free Enterprise System

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. JOE L. EVINS OF TENNESSEE

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, May 23, 1967

Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Congress has long recognized the vital and indispensable role which small busi­ness plays in our economy and in our na­tional life. Small business is the founda­tion of our free enterprise system and the seedbed of competition and crea­tivity.

It is therefore fitting and appropriate that President Johnson has designated this week as Small Business Week and has urged that our small businessmen be recognized and honored for their great contributions to our free enterprise system and to our freedom and liberty.

On this occasion I want to salute our Small Business Administration-the Federal agency that is a one-stop shop for small business and a vital instrument in strengthening small business through-

out America. The SBA Administrator, the Honorable Bernard Boutin, is to be commended and congratulated for his able championship of the Nation's small businessmen.

In connection with this most important observance, and because of the interest of my colleagues and the Nation in the small businessman, I include the Presi­dent's proclamation designating Small Business Week in the RECORD:

SMALL BUSINESS WEEK, MAY 9, 1967 A proclamation by the President of the

United States of America Fully 95 percent of the businesses serving

the needs of the American people are small and privately owned. More than a third of the Nation's total goods and services are s'up­plied by small businesses.

Small businesses perform a service to the Nation beyond the supplying of goods. Oper­ating in an open, competitive market, they stimulate the new ideas that create progress. They provide community leadership to aid economic development. They offer a wide and challenging variety of job opportunities to our people.

To encourage the growth of new small busi­nesses, the Small Business Administration has in the past three years granted 830 loans, totaling over $131 million, to local development companies. These loans have resulted in the creation of 28,800 new jobs, and added nearly $1.2 billion to our economy. During the last three years there has been a net increase of 200,000 in the number of small business establishments in our Na­tion.

We recognize and applaud the contribu­tions made by our 4.8 million small busi­nesses. We must insure that they will con­tinue to hold a vital place in our society.

Now, therefore, I, Lyndon B. Johnson, Pres­ident of the United States of America, do hereby designate the week beginning May 21, 1967, as Small Business Week, and I urge industrial and commercial organizations, chambers of commerce, boards of trade, and other public and private organizations to participate in ceremonies recognizing the significant contributions, past and present, of small business to our land, our culture, and our ideals.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington thi$ ninth day of May in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and sixty-seven, and of the Inde­pendence of the United States of America the one hundred and ninety-first.

By the President: LYNDON B. JOHNSON.

DEAN .RUSK, Secretary oj State.

Speech on Happiness at Graduation Exercises at Midway Junior College

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. DON FUQUA OF FLORIDA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, May 23, 1967

Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, I am happy to insert in the RECORD at this point a thoughtful speech made by our colleague, Congressman CHARLES E. BENNETT, yes­terday at the commencement exercises of Midway Junior College at Midway, Ky. Congressman BENNETT, on behalf

May 23; 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13683 of his mother, presented to the school a portrait of Prof. Robert A. Broadhurst, who headed the school from 1858 to 1871. Professor Broadhurst's wife and Con­gressman BENNETT's grandmother, was of the Fugate family, who were pioneers in the settlement of both Kentucky and Florida; and many of the family de­scendants reside in both States today. Congressman BENNETT's speech was as follows:

I come here primarily as a messenger from my mother, Mrs. Roberta Broadhurst Ben­nett, whQ could not come because she is in the infirmary in a retirement home in Flor­ida, but she sends her love and blessings to each of you. She is 81 years of age and the heaviness of those years makes it impossible for her to make this long journey. She sends as a token of her love an oil portrait of her father after whom she was named, Profes­sor Robert A. Broadhurst who headed this institution from 1858 through 1871. She was born to him when he was 72 years of age. And her mother, Mrs. Irene Fugate Broad­hurst, was a teacher in this fine institurtion when Professor Broadhurst married her in 1870.

Quoting from Perry Giovannoli, "Kentucky Female Orphan School, A History," (Midway, Kentucky, 1930): "At the close of the school year 1870-1871, Professor R. A. Broadhurst, after 13 years of self-sacrificing labor, re­signed the position of Principal and went to Camden Point, Missouri, to establish a school for orphan girls which the Christian brother­hood of that state had projected."

Born in England on January 18, 1813, when our country was still at war with England, he completed his education and emigrated to this country as a young man to lead a life of teaching young people and preaching in Christian churches, primarily in Ken­tucky, Tennessee and Missouri. He headed three educational institutions, this one, and the one in Missouri, and another in Clarks­ville, Tennessee, which bore his name, Broad­hurst Institute.

My living room in Washington is domi­nated by his eight foot tall secretary-desk, which he used when he was here at Midway. In the depths of the Depression this desk formed a wall in the one-room habitation in which I lived as a youth in Florida. And on the back of the desk we hung the picture which my mother is now giving to this Instti­tution. It has been a treasure in our family and I hope it will be a treasure and inspira­tion to you here at Midway.

Professor Broadhurst was a warm-hearted, kind man, who loved his fellowman and God. And many of his descendants carried on lfor him and do to this day in expressing dedi­cation to these ideals. Three of his descend­ants rare today Professors ·at Yale·, 'Dhe Uni­versity of Michigan, and the University of Florida. One of his grandsons, Dr. Robert Hopkins, once was the chief administrative official in the Christian, or Disciples of Christt Church, in which brotherhood I am also a member and an elder.

His work here on this campus leaves to you as well as me not only the inspiration of his life but also a material reminder, your Pinkerton Hall, which was built during his administration early in 1859.

In searching about for a topic for this talk to you today, I came upon the word, "Hap­piness", because this is the characteristic of Professor Broadhurst's life which most of his associates found most typical of him.

My 11 year old son, Charles, Jr., brought home from school a paper in which he had started by the simple statement, "Happiness is wo· k well done." In a world in which most of the news seems to be in the field of un­happiness, it might be well for us to think about just what happiness is.

Happiness is not what is in our pockets, happiness is what is in our hearts and minds.

Multi-mUlionaire Jay Gould, said: "I suppose I am the most miserable man on earth."

When our founding fathers wrote the Declaration of Independence they specified three unalienable rights with which we are endowed by our Creator: life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. There was no reference to the pursuit of pleasure and certainly happiness does not lie in the pursuit of pleasure. Lord Byron, after a life of pleasure­seeking, summed up his life by saying: "Grief is mine alone."

Happiness is not power. Alexander the Great, after conquering the known world wept and said: "There are no more worlds to conquer."

Happiness does not exist in believing God is dead. Voltaire, the atheist said: "I wish I had never been born."

Happiness does not lie in the absence of defects. Beethoven was deaf and despite his deafness produced some of the most beautiful music in all times and brought happiness not only to himself but to centuries yet to come. Edison was a dull student and was asked to leave school at an early age. And yet, he found in himself, with God's help, the ability to produce happiness by his own achievement and in great service to mankind.

Winston Churchill lisped as a boy, and yet went on to become the greatest orator and inspirer of his era. Queen Victoria once said to Paderewski: "You are a genius." To this Paderewski replied, "Perhaps so, but before I was a genius I was a drudge." These people show that happiness does not arise from the absence of defects and obstacles. Reverend Billy Graham recently said: "Happiness is a strength to rise above adversity and ·sorrow and live triumphantly over them."

Let us think for a moment or two about the affirmative side of what happiness is. Happiness is knowing. Eighty percent of the world's knowledge has been developed in the past 10 years, and it is doubling every 10 years. In your lifetime we have split the atom and harnessed it for the production of power for good things as well as bad, and we have penetrated into the depths of outer space, and we are now penetrating into the depths of inner space. A nephew of mine is now working at Yale in the field of thought and science, in one of the greatest break­throughs of knowledge in recent years, the study of DNA and RNA, which opens up opportunities for hereditary improvement and protecting life against a host of diseases and even congenital insanity. In every area of thought advances are being made with the speed of wind, and the attainment of this new knowledge is one of the happy things of our time.

Happiness is freedom to choose to do God's will, not license to sin.

True freedom is in fact the decision to serve God. When men make that decision they are free. When nations make it, a new world of brotherhood is at hand.

As the outstanding preacher of a genera­tion or so ago, Henry Beecher, said: "The strength and the happiness of a man con­sists ln finding out the way in which God is going, and going in that way too. Happi­ness is not the end of life; character is."

Happiness is inequality. Great things are done by individuals, not by the masses. There is no way to make a great or good society out of bad men. Social consciousness is no substitute for individual conscience. Neither appropriations nor statutes can es­tablish character. Each of us should do our very best to fulfill our greatest possible attainments and in doing so, happiness will be our reward.

Happiness is service above self. It is the legitimate fruit of love and service. It never comes by making it an end in itself. If we choose our aspirations and do our dally deeds With the thoughts of helping others, it can be obtained. We remember from the Scrip­ture that God so loved the world that he gave.

Happiness is love. There is nothing worse in the world than being unwanted and un­loved. There is no greater human need than to be loved. So, if we love others we give man's greatest gift. I am reminded by a sentence in a recent introduction of me when someone said: "He is our friend, and a friend is someone we know all about, but whom we still love."

We can show our love to God by showing our love to our fellow-man. As we love man­kind, we love God.

So as I conclude my remarks to you on this beautiful day, I hope that you will consider a heritage you have here at Mid­way Junior College, the happy life of Pro­fessor R. A. Broadhurst, my grandfather. From all I can understand, that he followed the challenge of our forefathers to pursue happiness and he did it in such a way as to know its true meaning in the way 1n which we have thought about it together to­day.

As I left my mother's hospital bed in Florida yesterday, she sent you all a special message. She said "Tell them all I love them and to remember that happiness can­not be bought or given to you. You must create it yourself."

Speech by Representative Dan Rostenkowski

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. JOHN M. MURPHY OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Tuesday, May 23, 1967 Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.

Speaker, in a speech yesterday before the Cook County Council of Insured Savings Associations, Representative DAN Ros­TENKowsKr reviewed some of the major tax policies of the 1960's. I think his speech was particularly good because it provided not only an accurate and in­formed appraisal of the relationship be­tween our tax policies and the expansion of the 1960''s, bUit a sound basis for under­standing the present fiscal situation and the alterna~tive tax policies for the near future. Because of the importance of this issue, I urge all of the Members to read Mr. ROSTENKOWSKI'S excellent speech: REMARKS OF THE HON. DAN ROSTENKOWSKI,

SPRING CONFERENCE, COOK COUNTY COUNCIL

OF INSURED SAVINGS AssOCIATIONS, MAY 22, 1967 It is an honor and a pleasure to be here this

afternoon with officials and members and friends of the Cook County Council of In­sured Savings Associations. I am also pleased to see so many of your wlves ln attendance.

One of the very gratifying privileges those of us in public office enjoy and look forward to is the opportunity to meet with business organizations such as yours. Such an invita­tion is particularly welcome when it comes from an organization which represents a highly important and indeed, vital, financial institution in our nation today, the savings and loan association-the institution which provides financing for one of the nation's major industries-housing.

Let me also take this opportunity at the outset of my remarks to express my sincere appreciation to the savings and loan industry in general and to each of you here represent­ing your associations for your interest and the communications and advice that you provide those of us in Congress on pending measures that affect your industry. If there

13684 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 23, 1967

1s one basic truth or fact that I have learned exceedingly well in my service in the Con­gress, it is that ours is a complex and con­stantly changing world and our national economy is no exception to this observation. A position of relative advantage, equality or disadvantage today with respect to a given industry or segment of business is suscepti­ble to mpid erasure or reversal by the dy­namic forces at work in our economy. No particular business or industry really enjoys a stable and immutable position vis-a-vis its competitors. This makes our American economy most interesting and challenging. It also keeps us on our perceptive toes to keep abreast of the often very rapidly occur­ring developments and trends. Your com­munications to those representing you in Congress serve a most important function in this regard.

I may also say that I am especially pleased that you have invited me here at this time rather than during last summer or fall. As you know, the scriptures say that for every­thing there is a season and a time for every matter under heaven. For instance (and I am quoting the Duoay version of the Bible) , we are told that there is "A time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted . . . A time to weep, and a time to laugh. A time to mourn, and a time to dance . . . A time to get, and a time to lose ... A time to keep silence, and a time to speak."

I have no doubt that you leaders in the savings and loan industry recall without hesi­tancy this wonderful passage of scripture. I am somewhat less sure, however, you would agree that there is ever an appropriate time or a sui table season for the unprecedented tight money experience you underwent last year. I do think, however, that present indi­cations-with the vastly improved savings in­flow to your associations, the great improve­ment in the interest picture, and the in­crease in housing starts-give promise that we are on the threshold of another good time for savings and l~n associations. At least it is a much, much better time than last year for a holder of public office to be speaking to you. I am keenly cognizant and most ap­preciative of that fact.

Preliminary to my remarks I think I should state that I am not a member of the House Committee on Banking and CUr­rency, which in th·e House of Represeilltatives has primary jurtsdLtcion over legisLrution re­lating to monetaTy ll18Jtters. The Banking and Currency CommLttee also processes bllls re­lating to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the independent agency whose activities af­fect the ability of the savings and loan indus­try to operate in the mortgage market. So I do not get in on the ground floor, so to speak; that is, at the Commi,ttee stage, on bills that have pa.rticular and direct effect on your industry. Under the prevail1ng pr.actloe in the House a Member may serve on only one majoor Committee, and my single and exclu­sive committee assignment of this nature is to the Committee on Ways and Means.

It is the Ways and Means Colllllldttee tha.t has responsibUity and jurisdiction with re­spect to tax measures-measures concerned with the revenues. I should also say that the ways and Means Committee does not ap­proprdate money~this is a fun·ctl.on of the House Committee on Appropriations. In other words, the CommiJtJtee on which I serve has the primary responsibility to "get" as distinguished from "giving" revenue, and I don't need to tell you veterans of the bus~­ness world that the "getting" is vastly more difficult and less popular than the "giving".

So ·this afternoon I wish to share wtth you some observations about tax policy, which is that division of fisoal policy falling direcftly wtthin the jurisdiotion of the Ways and Means Cornm.1ttee. In doing so I think it w1ll be useful to review the uses to which tax po11cy has been put in recent yeMs and to

briefly refer to some of the present proposals and prospects fGr Congressional action.

When I came to Congress just before the turn of the present decade, the economic situation was vastly different from what it is today. You wm recall that when we turned into the decade of the 1960's, the nation was in economic doldr\UilS and unemployment was intolerably high. The unemployment rate reached almost 7 percent in the trough of this recession, which occurred in February 1961.

All of us are aware of the dramatic eco­nomic changes that have taken place since that time. This period of expansion--of eco­nomic transition over the past six plua years-was initiated and has been sustained in considerable measure by tax policy orig­inating in the Committee on Ways and Means. I am referring to the Revenue Acts of 1962 and 1964 and the Excise Tax Reduction Act of 1965·. The stimuli of these carefully planned tax reduction bills effectively roused and renewed the energies of the private sec­tor of the economy. The overall results have been very notably salutary and are now fa­m1liar to us all. During this period of ex­pansion employment, production, }»'ofits and incomes have risen tremendously, and in many instances by record-breaking advances. The unemployment rate has dropped from 7 percent to under 4 percent, the gross national product has risen at an average rate of 67'2 pereent in constant prices, and there has been achieved an almost 25 percent increase in the real per capita standard of living of the American people.

But as those of you in the savings and loan industry know only too well there have been problems, too. Until 1965, when the de­mands pl:aced on the economy by the conflict in Southeast Asda intensified, the course of this expansion was marked by an unusual degree of price stability. For instance, the wholesale p.rice index remained at virtually the same level from the end of 1961 through the end of 1964. Over the same period the consumer price index rose at the rela.tively low rate of 1.2 percent a year. However, PTices began to rise in the latter part of 1965, and by the end of the year it became apparent that price increases were spreading over the economy.

Lt was at this point, January of last year, that legislative action was oommenoed on the "Tax Adjustment Act of 1966," shifting our fiscal policy from one of stimulus to one of moderate restraint. That enactment, which became law in mid-March of last year, stepped up income tax collections and re­stored temporarily certain excises. This ac­tion, together with inCil'eased social soouri:ty taxes and a.dmi:n:Ls,trative aotion adva.ncl!ng corporate tax payments, removed over $10 billion of excess business ·and consum.er pur­chasing power from the economy in 1966.

While this action aided in moderating somewhat the advance of the economy in the spring of last year, as the year progressed the pace of economic activity heightened, and business investment in plant and equip­ment reached boom proportions. We all know, regrettably too well, the results. The over-heated condition in the business in­vestment sector was drying up the capital that would normally flow into other sectors, notably homebuilding. Money markets be­came extremely tight, interest rates rose to excessive heights, and the accustomed flow of mortgage money fell off sharply. These factors in turn were responsible in large measure for the precipitous decline in the number of new housing starts that occurred in 1966 and the depressed condition in the housing industry.

Thus in September of last year the Presi­dent felt compelled to recommend enact­ment of legislation to temporarily suspend the investment tax credit and certain forms of accelerated depreciation. The principal goal of that legislation was to lessen demand for new capital goods and reduce borrowing

for business investment. The theory was that this in turn would assist in bringing about lower interest rates and would also allow some of the money that had been di­verted to business from the home mortgage market to, in effect, come home again. To put it another way, a principal purpose of the temporary suspension was to smooth out some of the distortions and imbalances that had developed in the economy-imbalances and distortions that were having a particu­larly adverse effect on the home building and savings and loan industry.

Let me make it clear that I am not saying that the legislation temporarily suspending the investment credit can be given exclusive recognition for the very welcome turnabout in the indica tors relating to your industry­such favorable accomplishments as lowered interest rates, increased lending activity and the dramatic improvement in your intlow. To dramatize this last point, in the first quarter of this year Federal Home Loan Bank Board fifiures indicate that associations across the country took in almost twice as much money as in the same period last year.

Quite obviously other actions, both legis­lative and administrative, have helped in bringing about these markedly improved con­ditions. Some would emphasize the interest rate ce111ng b1ll passed at the end of the last Congress as important in this respect. Some would give greatest credit to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board's actions in author­izing timely increased advances to members and reducing interest rates thereon. Others would say that the free forces at work in the economy itself were responsible in greatest measure for the upturn. I believe, however, that it was a combination of all of these and perhaps other factors that has brought about the brightened outlook that we have today in the savings and loan industry.

Before I turn from the comparatively com­fortable certainty of painting the present economic picture to the much more difficult and uncertain task of discussing possible future developments, let me just briefly men­tion another important--though less publi­cized-aspect of tax policy. I am speaking of tax reform, tax simplification or whatever else you wish to denominate it. This to me is one of the most pressing areas of responsi­bility within the jurisdiction of the Commit­tee on Ways and Means. In each of the reve­nue acts to which I have referred, there has been included some measure of tax reform, but it is a task at which we must work ever harder if we are to make meaningful prog­ress in simplifying the Internal Revenue Code and making its provisions understand­able to the avt::rage taxpayer and business­man.

I can report that in the last session of Congress considerable effort was made in the area of tax reform. One such measure was the Federal Tax Lien Act of 1966 which at­tempts to modernize the law relating to Federal tax liens to bring it abreast of to­day's business practices. Another measure was devoted to revision of the tax treatment of foreign investment in the United States and providing more equitable treatment of nonresident aliens and foreign corporations.

Consistent study is being given, then, on the part of the Treasury Department and the staffs of the Congressional Committees to the updating of present law in specific areas. One of the major goals of this work is to make the tax law more efficient and workable, and most importantly, more un­derstandable and usable by business and the individual taxpayer. In leaving this subject I should say that I am gratified that Sec­retary of the Treasury Fowler has recently indicated that one of the forthcoming sub­jects for tax revision will be our rather anti­quated _estate and gift tax structure. These statutes have not been extensively over­hauled in a quarter of a century, and the time is long overdue for their moderniza­tion. We on the Committee are looking for­ward to receiving the Treasury's anticipated

May 24, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 13685 recommendations in this important area of the Internal Revenue Code.

Now what about the immediate future? The investment credit has now been restored and some of the indicators are now substan­tiating and vindicating the Council of Eco­nomic Advisers' prediction of a resurgence in business and industrial activity in the sec­ond half of this year. What does this portend for the savings and loan industry, and what about the much-buffetted proposal for a 6 percent surcharge on corporation and in­dividual income taxes made earlier this year by the President?

Before I discuss the latter half of this question, let me say with respect to the first part of it that I do not think that under any circumstances should we fear anything like a repetition of the tight money situation that existed last year. Reassurances on this subject can be derived from many sources and particularly from a speech given on the first of this month by Mr. Michael Greene­baum. As you know, Mr. Greenebaum is a distinguished member of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. He is from this bank dis­trict, and of course, many of you know him personally. In his remarks at the Manage­ment Conference of the National League of Insured Savings Associations at New Orleans, Mr. Greenebaum emphasized that last year's situation was-quote---"most unusual-al­most unique, in fact-and there is nothing on the horizon that would indicate a re­currence of such Eeverely constricted condi­tions. If the avallabillty of money and the level of interest rates remains at or slightly below curr.ent levels, there will be plenty of money available to finance home mort­gages."---end of quote. Mr. Greenebaum went on to say that the current concern of the savings and loan industry should be to­quote--"make certain, by getting our own houses in order, that the savings and loan

SENATE WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 1967

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, and was called to order by Hon. FRED R. HARRIS, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma.

Dr. Franklin Paul Harris, minister, McKendree Methodist Church, Washing­ton, D.C., offered the following prayer:

Eternal Father, as we pause for a mo­ment of quietness for prayer in this his­toric Senate Chamber today, we ask ThY divine guidance and strength upon these Thy servants, the Senators of this 90th Congress. As they represent their people from the various States of this beautiful land of America, may they remember the ancient words of Holy Writ, "Righteous­ness exalteth a nation, but sin is a re­proach to any people."

Thou knowest the clamor of voices in their ears, the constant tugging at their sleeves, forever trying to influence them, the small voices of the little men, with­out money or names; the shallow voices of aggressive pressure groups; the big voices of selfish men, and those working for personal gain, even the whispering inner voices of personal ambition, and those voices holding out the lure of un­merited reward.

Impress us all at this moment, 0 God, with a deep sense of our responsibility as Thy steward.

Sanctify our love of country, that our boastings may be turned into humility and our pride into a ·ministry to all men

industry will be ready to handle i·ts share of the mortgage market and to increase .that share."---end of quote.

Now· let us turn to the question of the President's 6 percent surcharge proposal in which everyone understandably has an in­tense interest. The current question seems ,;o be "Will he or won't he press it?" As was indicated in his budget message, this pro­posal was premised on a projected resurgence of private demand in the second half of this year. It was anticipated that after a period of sluggishness in certain areas of the econ­omy in the first half, caused in large measure by inventory adjustments, there would be a strong revival after mid-.year. To put it an­other way it was thought that there would be a necessity for a shifting of the foot to the brake to avoid a return to inflationary pressures.

Administration economists still adhere to this proposal, although they now advise that they are remaining quite flexible in the mat­ter and concede that the anticipated strong upturn in demand could be delayed.

Thus, there is an absence of pressure at the moment for immediate Congressional consideration of the tax proposal. Another reason why it is not being pushed at this moment is undoubtedly Chairman Wilbur D. Mills' seasoned caution in such matters. You perhaps have all been advised or heard of his now oft-quoted remark that he is re­luctant to espouse a policy that would raise and lower taxes from season to season in the fashion of women's skirts and dresses.

In summary then, the Administration, and I suppose everyone, is watching closely the indicators, trends and developments pres­ently and for the period immediately ahead. I feel that within the next few weeks we shall be in a much better position to deter­mine whether or not enactment of the 6 percent surcharge proposal, or a variation

everywhere. Make America Thy servant, 0 God, a chosen vessel of blessing to all lands, lest we be cast out and our place be given to another. Make this God's own country by making us willing to live like God's people, and really believe in, "In God We Trust." Amen.

DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESI­DENT PRO TEMPORE

The legislative clerk read the follow­ing letter:

U.S. SENATE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE,

Washington, D.C., May 24, 1967. To the Senate:

Being temporarily absent from the Senate, I appoint Hon. FRED R. HARRIS, a Senator from the State of Oklahoma, to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence.

CARL HAYDEN, President pro tempore.

Mr. HARRIS thereupon took the chair as Acting President pro tempore.

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT­APPROVAL OF BILL

A message in writing from the Presi­dent of the United States was communi­cated to the Senate by Mr. Jones, one of his secretaries, and he announced that on May 19, '!967, the President had ap­proved and signed the following act:

S. 270. An act to provide for the participa­tion of the Department of the Interior in the construction and operation of a large pro­totype desalting plant, and for other pur­poses.

thereof, will be deemed necessary or appro­priate.

The Administration's flexibillty would in­dicate that the original proposal is sus­ceptible to change in any of its original par­ticulars-such as perhaps a delay in the July 1 effective date as originally proposed; a change in the 6 percent projected figure; or a change in the corporate and individual mix, as originally recommended.

Ai this point I have discussed the past, the present and the future, and I am sure that all of you will agree that it is time for me to terminate my remarks. Before I do, however, I must mention one matter that has 1m­pressed me greatly, although it may be com­mon knowledge or "old hat" to you. I am speaking of the very significant portion of the nation's savings and loan in.dustry that is centered right here in Cook County. Ac­cording to figures of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as of December 31, 1966, there were 215 insured savings and loan associa­tions in Cook County. There may be more now. In any event your associations have al­most 2¥2 million investors and savings capi­tal in excess of $6 7'2 billion.

To put this in perspective, Cook County alone has more insured savings and loan as­sociations than each of some 44 states in the union. Those present in .this room today, therefore, represent a very important seg­ment of a vital national industry. You can take justifiable pride in the effective en­couragement and assistance you are provid­ing our citizens with respect to two univer­sally commendable virtues-home owner­ship and thrift. These twin virtues have contributed immeasurably to the strength and moral fiber of America and have helped to make it the greatest nation on earth.

It has been an honor and a privilege to have been your guest here today.

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE­ENROLLED BILL SIGNED

A message from the House of Repre­sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its reading clerks, announced that the Speaker had affixed his signature to the enrolled bill <S. 666) to authorize appro­priations during the fiscal year 1968 for procurement of aircraft, missiles, naval vessels, and tracked combat vessels, and research, development, test, and evalua­tion for the Armed Forces, and for other purposes, and it was signed by the Vice President. ·

THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by

unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, May 23, 1967, was dispensed with.

LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR­ING THE TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by

unanimous consent, statements during the transaction of routine morning busi­ness were ordered limited to 3 minutes.

COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING SENATE SESSION

On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by unanimous consent, all committees. were authorized to meet during the session of the Senate today.