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2010 sabv2010 sabv2010 sabv2010 sabv2010 sabv

ln.i 1389 ˛ lnPvdØv

1431 d_n-D¬ AΔ¬ ˛d_n-D¬ BJ¿

]pkvXIw 82 e°w 5

hcn-kwJy 150 I.

H‰{]Xn 15 I.

No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿No^v FUn-‰¿ : aplΩZv Ckvam-bn¬ Mob : 9446656123FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿FUn-‰¿ : G. Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw Mob : 9895263384, E-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]: [email protected]: [email protected]: [email protected]\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿amt\-P¿ : AlvaZv l ≥ Mob : 9446482108

hnemkw

kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.kXy-Zq-X≥, Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.

^mIvkv : 0495 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 2721609^mIvkv : 0495 2721609

e-mail: [email protected]

Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿Akn. amt\-P¿

sI.-Fw. AlvaZv tImb

k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿k¿°p-te-j≥ amt\-P¿

Fkv. apl-ΩZv kenw

FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿UvFUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ t_m¿Uv

s{]m^. alvaqZv AlvaZv

sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb

sI.hn. l ≥tImb

]n.-Fw. _jo¿ AlvaZv

sF.sI. AlvaZv Ipń

Printed & Published by M.A. Muhammed, for the Kerala Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama-at at Geethanjali Offset Printers, Kundayithode, Feroke, KozhikodePublished at BAITHUL Quddus, G.H. Road, Kozhikode, Edited by A. M. Muhammed Salim. Typeset, Layout & Cover Design : Victory Creations, Calicut

Hcp \q‰m≠nt\mS-Sp-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-cWwHcp \q‰m≠nt\mS-Sp-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-cWwHcp \q‰m≠nt\mS-Sp-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-cWwHcp \q‰m≠nt\mS-Sp-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-cWwHcp \q‰m≠nt\mS-Sp-°p∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse GI CkvemanI {]kn-≤o-I-cWw

4

5

bpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZwbpK-i_vZw

apJ-°p-dn∏v ˛apJ-°p-dn∏v ˛apJ-°p-dn∏v ˛apJ-°p-dn∏v ˛apJ-°p-dn∏v ˛

FXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£ywFXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£ywFXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£ywFXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£ywFXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£yw

hnizm-khpw kp\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿbpwhnizm-khpw kp\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿbpwhnizm-khpw kp\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿbpwhnizm-khpw kp\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿbpwhnizm-khpw kp\n-›n-Xm-h-ÿbpw

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

JpXzv_

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpI

lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv

kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bm-Wv ? \c-I-sa-hn-sS-kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bm-Wv ? \c-I-sa-hn-sS-kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bm-Wv ? \c-I-sa-hn-sS-kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bm-Wv ? \c-I-sa-hn-sS-kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bm-Wv ? \c-I-sa-hn-sS-

bmWv ? ]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?bmWv ? ]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?bmWv ? ]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?bmWv ? ]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?bmWv ? ]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?

kmdm hknw

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)

kºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrI

alvaqZv I¬°pfw

7

6

10

11

D≈-S°wD≈-S°wD≈-S°wD≈-S°wD≈-S°w

ÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXwÿm]nXw

19251925192519251925

ac-Whpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpwac-Whpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpwac-Whpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpwac-Whpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpwac-Whpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpw

]cn-k-am-]vXntbm?]cn-k-am-]vXntbm?]cn-k-am-]vXntbm?]cn-k-am-]vXntbm?]cn-k-am-]vXntbm?

Bknw AlvaZv, Ifn-b-°m-hnf

kz¥w Ipgn-bn¬ hoW "Pam-AsØ Ckveman'kz¥w Ipgn-bn¬ hoW "Pam-AsØ Ckveman'kz¥w Ipgn-bn¬ hoW "Pam-AsØ Ckveman'kz¥w Ipgn-bn¬ hoW "Pam-AsØ Ckveman'kz¥w Ipgn-bn¬ hoW "Pam-AsØ Ckveman'

]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow, sImSp-ß-√q¿

BcmWv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?BcmWv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?BcmWv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?BcmWv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?BcmWv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?

A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿

BcmWv {_nójv GP≥dv ?BcmWv {_nójv GP≥dv ?BcmWv {_nójv GP≥dv ?BcmWv {_nójv GP≥dv ?BcmWv {_nójv GP≥dv ?

_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v, Fd-Wm-Ipfw

C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240) : kq^nbpwC_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240) : kq^nbpwC_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240) : kq^nbpwC_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240) : kq^nbpwC_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240) : kq^nbpw

⁄m\nbpw (Xp-S¿®)⁄m\nbpw (Xp-S¿®)⁄m\nbpw (Xp-S¿®)⁄m\nbpw (Xp-S¿®)⁄m\nbpw (Xp-S¿®)

k°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\U

B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬

cq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsc

G.-Iyp. alvZn

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

tIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶vtIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶vtIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶vtIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶vtIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶v

hm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWwhm¿Ø-Iƒ, A\p-kva-cWw

21

25

18

31

29

34

153740

4

kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥kXyZqX≥

lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

Jp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂vJp¿-B-\n¬ \n∂v

XØz-⁄m-\hpw kZp-]-tZ-

ihpw sIm≠v \ns‚ \mYs‚

am¿K-Øn-te°v \o £Wn-°pI.

G‰hpw D¬Ir-jvS-co-Xn-bn¬

Ah-cp-ambn kwhmZw \S-Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-I.

(16:126)

\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w\_n-h-N\w

Hcm-fpsS {]m¿∞-\-bpsS ssZ¿

Lyhpw mj-W-Øns‚ {lkz-Xbpw

Abm-fpsS Hu∂-Xyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. \nß-fpsS {]m¿∞\ Zo¿Ln-

∏n-°p-Ibpw kwkmcw sNdp-Xm-°p-

Ibpw sNøpI.

(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)(_pJm-cn, apkvenw)

bp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZwbp-K-i_vZw

apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø\wapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø\wapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø\wapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø\wapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø\w

Cu Cu Cu Cu Cu ]cn-]q¿Æamb ]cn-jvI-cWw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS am{Xw khn-

ti-j-amb Hcp t\ -am-Ip-∂p. Ahn-Sp∂p arK-{]m-b-cm-b, Incm-X-

cmb Hcp P\-hn- m-K-Øn∂p a\p-jyXzw ]Tn-∏n-®p. As√-¶n¬

At±lw arK-k-am-\sc a\p-jy-cm°n am‰n-sb∂p ]d-bmw. ]ns∂, B a\pjysc hn⁄-

cm-°n. hn⁄-cmb a\p-jysc Ahn-Sp∂p ssZh-a-\p-jy-cm°n am‰p-Ibpw Bflob

ssNX\yw Ah-cn¬ DuXn-\n-d-°p-Ibpw kXy-ssZhhpambn Ahsc ASp-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ah¿ ssZh-am¿§-Øn¬ BSp-am-Sp-I-sft]mse AdpØnSs∏- p. Fdp-ºp-I-

sf-t∏mse Ime-Sn-Iƒ°-Sn-bn¬ NX-®-c-bv°-s∏- p. F¶n-epw, Ah¿ kXy-hn-izmkw

ssIsh-Sn-™n-√. F√m Ijv-S-∏m-Sp-I-fnepw hn]-Øp-I-fnepw Ah¿ apt∂m´p apt∂m´p

Im¬h®p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, \ΩpsS \_n-\m-b-I¿(-k) Bflo-bX ]p\-xÿm-]n-®p-d-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn¬ c≠mw BZw Bbn-cp-∂p. F∂-√, bYm¿∞ BZw Ahn-Sp-∂p-Xs∂ Bbn-

cp∂p F∂p ]d-b-Ww. Ahn-SpsØ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ip´n-°mew XpS-ßn- kIe am\p-jn-

I A\p-{K-lßfpw ]cn-]q¿ÆX {]m]n-®n-cp-∂p. kIe k¬`m-h-ßfpw Ahn-SpsØ

Pohn-X-Øn¬ k{In-b-am-hp-Ibpw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn-bnse Hcp imJbpw \njv{In-b-a-√m-

Xn-cn-°bpw sNbvXp. (e-Iv®¿ knbm¬tIm- v)

136

5


FXn¿∏v: kXym-flm-°-fpsS kXy-km£yw

AAAAA√mlp Ab-°p∂ Znhym-flm-°sf Hcn-°epw temIw Ccp-ssI-Ifpw \oń kzoI-cn-°m-dn-√.

GI-\mbns°m≠mWv Ah¿ cwK-{]-th-iw sNøp-I. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse {]hm-N-I-hr-Øm-¥-

ßƒ Cu bmYm¿∞yw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ an°-hcpw ùXn-I-hn-c-‡-cmbn ssZh-

Øn¬ ebn®v APvRm-X-\m-am-hmbn Ign-bm-\m-{K-ln-®-h-cm-Wv. B Znhym-flm-°sf ssZh-amWv

ZuXyw Gev]n®v Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°p-∂-Xv. dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-tbmSv A√mlp ]d™p:

"tl aqSn-∏p-X-®p-In-S-°p-∂-ht\, Fgp-∂‰v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬IpI'"tl aqSn-∏p-X-®p-In-S-°p-∂-ht\, Fgp-∂‰v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬IpI'"tl aqSn-∏p-X-®p-In-S-°p-∂-ht\, Fgp-∂‰v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬IpI'"tl aqSn-∏p-X-®p-In-S-°p-∂-ht\, Fgp-∂‰v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬IpI'"tl aqSn-∏p-X-®p-In-S-°p-∂-ht\, Fgp-∂‰v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬IpI' (74: 2˛3)

]n∂oSv FXn¿∏ns‚ A·n-]-co-£-Iƒ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Zpcm-tcm-]-W-ßfpw hymP-{]-

Nm-c-W-ßfpw ]cn-lm-k-ßfpw Ah¿s°-Xn-cn¬ D∂-bn-°-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp∂p. Imem-Im-e-

ß-fn-embn Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:

"\nßƒ°v apºp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏-ń -´p -≈-X-√msX \nßsf kw_-"\nßƒ°v apºp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏-ń -´p -≈-X-√msX \nßsf kw_-"\nßƒ°v apºp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏-ń -´p -≈-X-√msX \nßsf kw_-"\nßƒ°v apºp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏-ń -´p -≈-X-√msX \nßsf kw_-"\nßƒ°v apºp≈ {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-∏‰n ]d-b-s∏-ń -´p -≈-X-√msX \nßsf kw_-

‘n®pw ]db-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (41:44). "\ns∂ Ah¿ I≈hmZn-bm-°n-Ø-≈n-sb-¶n¬ \n\°v‘n®pw ]db-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (41:44). "\ns∂ Ah¿ I≈hmZn-bm-°n-Ø-≈n-sb-¶n¬ \n\°v‘n®pw ]db-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (41:44). "\ns∂ Ah¿ I≈hmZn-bm-°n-Ø-≈n-sb-¶n¬ \n\°v‘n®pw ]db-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (41:44). "\ns∂ Ah¿ I≈hmZn-bm-°n-Ø-≈n-sb-¶n¬ \n\°v‘n®pw ]db-s∏-Sp-∂n√' (41:44). "\ns∂ Ah¿ I≈hmZn-bm-°n-Ø-≈n-sb-¶n¬ \n\°v

apºp ZrjvSm-¥-ß-tfmSpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSpw hy‡-amb {KŸ-tØmSpw IqsS h∂apºp ZrjvSm-¥-ß-tfmSpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSpw hy‡-amb {KŸ-tØmSpw IqsS h∂apºp ZrjvSm-¥-ß-tfmSpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSpw hy‡-amb {KŸ-tØmSpw IqsS h∂apºp ZrjvSm-¥-ß-tfmSpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSpw hy‡-amb {KŸ-tØmSpw IqsS h∂apºp ZrjvSm-¥-ß-tfmSpw Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-tfmSpw hy‡-amb {KŸ-tØmSpw IqsS h∂

{]hm-N-I-∑mcpw I≈∑mcm-°-s∏-ńcp-∂p. (3:184){]hm-N-I-∑mcpw I≈∑mcm-°-s∏-ńcp-∂p. (3:184){]hm-N-I-∑mcpw I≈∑mcm-°-s∏-ńcp-∂p. (3:184){]hm-N-I-∑mcpw I≈∑mcm-°-s∏-ńcp-∂p. (3:184){]hm-N-I-∑mcpw I≈∑mcm-°-s∏-ńcp-∂p. (3:184)

A√mlp Ab-°p-sa∂v dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) hmKvZm\w sNbvX hmKvZØ ako-lns\

kw_-‘n® Ncn-{Xhpw {]hm-NI Ncn-{Xß-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-a-√.

"A√mlp At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-°p-I-bn√ (40:35). A√mlp"A√mlp At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-°p-I-bn√ (40:35). A√mlp"A√mlp At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-°p-I-bn√ (40:35). A√mlp"A√mlp At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-°p-I-bn√ (40:35). A√mlp"A√mlp At±-l-Øn-\p-tijw Hcn-°epw Hcp ZqXs\ Ab-°p-I-bn√ (40:35). A√mlp

Hcn-°epw Btcbpw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√ Hcn-°epw Btcbpw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√ Hcn-°epw Btcbpw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√ Hcn-°epw Btcbpw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√ Hcn-°epw Btcbpw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bn√ (72:8) \o amcWw sNø-s∏-´-h-cn¬ (apklvl¿\o amcWw sNø-s∏-´-h-cn¬ (apklvl¿\o amcWw sNø-s∏-´-h-cn¬ (apklvl¿\o amcWw sNø-s∏-´-h-cn¬ (apklvl¿\o amcWw sNø-s∏-´-h-cn¬ (apklvl¿

˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n -tImg hmßn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥) BWv (26:154).˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n -tImg hmßn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥) BWv (26:154).˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n -tImg hmßn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥) BWv (26:154).˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n -tImg hmßn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥) BWv (26:154).˛ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n -tImg hmßn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h≥) BWv (26:154). apX-emb, Jp¿-

B≥ hnh-cn-°p∂ i{Xp-°fpsS Btcm-]-W-ßƒ hmKvZØ akolv lZvdØv AlvaZn(A)s\

Xntcbpw D∂bn°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

D®-kq-cy-s\-t∏mse D÷z-e-ambn {]Im-in-°p∂ hmKvZØ ako-lns‚ kXy-km-£yw De-

am-°-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS FXn¿∏ns‚ Iod-°pS sIm≠v ad-°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£, Cu

hymP-{]-Nm-c-W-ßƒsIms≠m∂pw hmKvZØ ako-lns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw kXym-

t\z-jn-Isf Ah¿°v XS-bm≥ km[y-a-√. A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

"Xß-fpsS hmb sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-iw DuXn-s°-Sp-Øn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Ah-"Xß-fpsS hmb sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-iw DuXn-s°-Sp-Øn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Ah-"Xß-fpsS hmb sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-iw DuXn-s°-Sp-Øn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Ah-"Xß-fpsS hmb sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-iw DuXn-s°-Sp-Øn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Ah-"Xß-fpsS hmb sIm≠v A√m-lp-hns‚ {]Im-iw DuXn-s°-Sp-Øn-°-f-bp-∂-Xn\v Ah-

cp-t±-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ shdp-Ømepw A√mlp Xs‚ {]Im-isØcp-t±-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ shdp-Ømepw A√mlp Xs‚ {]Im-isØcp-t±-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ shdp-Ømepw A√mlp Xs‚ {]Im-isØcp-t±-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ shdp-Ømepw A√mlp Xs‚ {]Im-isØcp-t±-in-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kXy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ shdp-Ømepw A√mlp Xs‚ {]Im-isØ

]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv.' ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv.' ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv.' ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv.' ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-h≥ Xs∂-bm-Wv.' (61:9)

apJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏vapJ-°p-dn∏v

137

6


AAAAAdn-bp -I. hnizmkw F

∂m¬ Hcp {]hm-N-Is‚ ktμ

ikzoI-c-W-Øns‚ Bflm¿ ∞-

amb {]Jym-]-\-am-Wv. CXv km

Xzn-I-X-bpsS hnth-I-]q¿Æ-amb

ap≥I-cp-X-en¬ \n∂v D¤q-Xam-

Ip-∂Xpw XnI®pw DØ-a-hn-izm-

k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-

Xp-am-Wv. hy‡hpw ]q¿W-hp-

amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ°v th≠n Im

Øp-\n¬°msX, Nne hniz-k-

\o-b-amb hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-lr-Z -b-

tØm-sS-bp≈ hnizm-k-{]-Jym-

]-\-amWv AsX∂v ]dbmw.

kXy-Øns‚ ]n¥p-W-°mbn

kºq¿Æ-bp-‡nbpw _p≤n-]-c-

amb hmZ-ßfpw e`y-ambn hcp

∂ L -Øn-em-Wv. ⁄m\-am¿§-

Øn-ep≈ kp\n-›n-Xm-hÿ

D≠m-hp-∂-Xv. Cu kp\n-›n-Xm-

h-ÿ-°n-S-bn¬ ssZhw Xs‚

{]tXy-I-amb A\p-{K-l-Øm¬

Akm-[m-c-W-amb \ne-bn¬ {]

Im-i-]q¿Æ-amb am¿§-Z¿i\w

\¬Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\

l-hpw A\p-{K-l-hpw sIm≠v

Ah≥ Xs‚ krjvSn°v Ah-

\n¬ \n∂v Xs∂-bp≈ bp‡n

bpw ⁄m\hpw A\p-`-h-th-Zy-

am-Ipw-hn[w Z¿i-\-Øn-t‚bpw

hnizm -khpw kp\n -›n -Xmh-ÿbpwhnizm -khpw kp\n -›n -Xmh-ÿbpwhnizm -khpw kp\n -›n -Xmh-ÿbpwhnizm -khpw kp\n -›n -Xmh-ÿbpwhnizm -khpw kp\n -›n -Xmh-ÿbpw

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

shfn-]m-Sp-I-fp-tSbpw Ihm-S-

ßƒ Xpd-∂n- p-sIm≠v Znhym-¤p-

X-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Aß

s\ ssZhw Ahs‚ t{]an°v

Xs‚ ku-μcyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-

s°m-Sp-°pw. a‰p hN-\-ß-fn¬

]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, CXv D∂-X-

amb [mc-Wm-i-‡n-bpsS L´-

am-Wv. AXm-bXv Zriy-tKm-N-c-

Øns‚ kp\n-›n-Xm-hÿ F

∂p ]d-bmw. AXns\ am¿§-

Z¿i\w F∂pw A¥¿⁄m\w

F∂pw IqSn hnfn -°m-hp-∂-

XmWv.

Cu A\p-`-h-ß-fp-sS-sb

√mw AKm-[-amb e-sa-¥m-sW

∂v sh®m¬ ssZh-t{]-an-bpsS

lrZbw {]Im-i-Øm¬ ]qcn-X-

am-Ip-amdv kvt\l-Ømepw ‡n-

bmepw l¿tjm-∑m-Z-Øn-em-hpw

F∂-Xm-Wv. kz¿§ob shfn®w

t{]an-bpsS lrZ-bsØ Bh-

cWw sNøpw. lrZ-b-Ønse

k¿Δ-hn[ A‘-Im-c-ßfpw Ir

]-W-Xzhpw C√m-Xmhpw. Aß

s\ kºq¿Æ-kvt\-l-Ønepw

`‡n-bnepw Ba-·-\m-hp∂ ssZ

h-t{]-an-bpsS Bflm¿∞-X-bp-

tSbpw A\p-k-c-W-Øn-t‚bpw

]c-a-]-Z-Øn¬ \n¿`m-Ky-ßfpw

hn]¬k-‘n-Ifpw {]Im-i-Øn

s‚ t{kmX- p-I-fmbpw a[p-cm-

\p- -h-ß-fmbpw amdpw. CsXmcp

hn{im¥n L´-am-Wv. AXns\

tam£-w, ap‡n Fs∂√mw hnfn-

°p-∂p. AYhm kp\n-›n-X-

⁄m-\-Øns‚ km£m-XvImcw

F∂pw hnfn-°mw.

hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp L´-

Øn-emWv Cu tbmKy-X-Iƒ

{]Zm\w sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hcmƒ

Xs‚ hnizm-k-Øn¬ ÿnX-{]-

⁄-\mbn {]bmWw sNøp-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ Cu ]Z-hn-I-fn¬ FØn-

t®-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcmƒ

hnizm-k-Øns‚ hgn Xnc-s™-

Sp-°m-sXbpw hnizm-k-Øns‚

hgn-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-°m-sX

bpw CØcw kphy-‡hpw kp

Zr-Vhpw kv^pS-hp-amb sXfn-

hp-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ AXn\p hnizm-k-Øn-s‚

am¿§-hp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-

hp-an-√. Abmƒ°v k¿Δ-i-‡

\pw kzm{i-b-k-ºq¿Æ-\p-amb

ssZh-Øns‚ hc-Zm\w Hcn-°

epw e`n-°p-I-bn-√.

F√m-Im-eØpw A√m-lp-

hns‚ hgn CXm-bn-cp-∂p. `mKy-

hm-∑m-cm-bn-´p-≈-h¿ ssZhn-I-X-

sb-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°m-\p≈ Im

(tijw 14 ˛ ¬)(tijw 14 ˛ ¬)(tijw 14 ˛ ¬)(tijw 14 ˛ ¬)(tijw 14 ˛ ¬)

138

7


DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIDØ-c-hm-Zn-Øz-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bpIC‰-en-bnse km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ 16-˛4-˛2010¬ \S-ØnbC‰-en-bnse km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ 16-˛4-˛2010¬ \S-ØnbC‰-en-bnse km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ 16-˛4-˛2010¬ \S-ØnbC‰-en-bnse km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ 16-˛4-˛2010¬ \S-ØnbC‰-en-bnse km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ 16-˛4-˛2010¬ \S-Ønb

JpXzv_bpsS {]k-‡-`mKwJpXzv_bpsS {]k-‡-`mKwJpXzv_bpsS {]k-‡-`mKwJpXzv_bpsS {]k-‡-`mKwJpXzv_bpsS {]k-‡-`mKw

lZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km akvdq¿ AlvaZv

Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv V

CCCCC∂v A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ C‰-en-bnse

] -W-amb km≥]n-t{Sm-bn¬ JpXzv_ \S-Øm-\p≈

Ah-kcw F\n°p e`n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu cmPyØv

\n∂v BZy-am-bmWv PpapA JpXzv_bpsS X¬k-

ab kwt{]-jWw \S-°p-∂-Xv. Pam-AØpw AwK-

ß-fp-sams° D≠m-bn´pw \ap°v ChnsS sk‚-dp-I-

sfm∂pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-{K-l-

Øm¬ 2 h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv ChnsS ÿew hmßm-

\p≈ kml-Ncyw D≠mbn. Cu ]≈n \n¿Ωn-°m-\pw

A√mlp XuôJp \evIp-am-dm-I-s´. CXn-\n-S-bn¬

hcp∂ F√m XS- -ß-sfbpw A√mlp Zqco-I-cn-°p-

am-dm-I-s´. CkvemanI hntcm-[n-Iƒ Imc-W-amtbm

Ckveman\v Zpjvt]cv hcp-Øn-Xo¿°p∂ a‰v apkvenw

I£n-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w sImt≠m ÿe-hm-kn-I-

fn¬ Ckveman-t\m-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v ITn-\-X-c-am-Wv. Ah-

kcw e`n-®m¬ apkvenwIƒ°v Zpjvt]-cp-≠m-°m≥

Ch¿ X°w ]m¿Øn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. a‰v apkvenw I£n-

IfpsS {]h¿Ø\w Ch-cn¬ kwkm-c-hn-j-b-am-hp-

Ibpw AXv ]d™v {]iv\ap≠m°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. GXm-bmepw ZpB sNøpI. A√mlp \ΩpsS

Cu XS- -ßƒ \o°p-am-dm-Is´. IqSmsX Chn-sSbpw

tdmanepw anj≥ lukp-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈

XuôJv e`n-°-s´. bqtdm-]y≥cm-Py-ß-fnse ]e ] -

W-ß-fnepw CkvemanI hntcm-[n-I-fpsS ISpØ

FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn´pw AlvaZnøm Pam AØn\v ]≈n-

Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈ XuôJv e`n-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.

Ah≥ \ap°v hgn-Iƒ Xpd∂v Xcp-∂p. ]e t¢i-

ßfpap≠mIm-dp-≠v. \ap°v ÿew \¬Im≥ ]ecpw

Xømdn-s√-¶nepw A√mlp a‰p ]e hn[-Øn¬ kml-

N-cy-ßƒ Hcp-°p-I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. \ΩpsS {]Xo-£-

Iƒ°-Xo-X-amb hn[-Øn¬ Alv aZnøm Pam-A-

Øns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn\pw bYm¿∞ Ckvemans‚

kXy-k-tμ-i-ßƒ temIw apgp-h≥ hym]n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn-\p-wth≠n A√mlp \ap-°-\p-Iq-e-ambn Im‰v Nen-

∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. CXn¬ \ap°v bmsXmcp al-Xz-hp-an-

√. ChnsS \ap°v FXn¿∏p-I-fp-≠m-sb-¶nepw, Cu

sk‚-dn¬ Iu¨kn-e¿am¿°pw a‰v ÿe-hm-kn-

Iƒ°pw Ckveman-s\-°p-dn®pw Pam-A-Øn-s\-°p-dn-

®p-ap≈ bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ ]d™v sImSp-

°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-®p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

\ΩpsS Cu ]≈n°v ]cn-k-c-Øp≈ ]e Bfp-Ifpw

Iu¨kn-e¿amcpw \ap-°-\p-Iq-e-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. an\n-™m∂v ÿesØ {][m-\-s∏´

Nne hy‡n-Iƒ \ΩpsS dnk-]vj-\n¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-

cp-∂p. Ah¿ kwkm-c-at≤y ]d-™Xv ChnsS Pam-

A-Øns‚ sk‚¿ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v bmsXmcp XS-

-hp-ap-≠m-I-cp-sX∂m-Wv. ImcWw Ct∏mƒ Cu

]≈n-bpsS ]cn-k-c-hm-kn-Iƒ°v bmsXm-cp-hn[

Bt£-]-hp-an√. Ah¿ \sΩ Ipdn®v kam-[m\

Imw£n-I-sf-∂v a\- n-em-°n- Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu

Imcy-ß-sf√mw ChnsS Xma-kn-°p∂ AlvaZn-I-fn¬

`mcn® DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-amWv G¬∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu

cmPyØv GXv Zn°n¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ AlvaZn-bm-

bmepw a\- n-em-t°≠Xv \mw apl-ΩZo ako-lns\

A\p-k-cn-°p-∂h\pw At±-l-Øns‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-

fn¬s]- -h-cp-amsW∂ Imcy-am-Wv. {InkvXob t\Xr-

Xz-Øns‚ tI{μ-amb cmPy-ØmWv \nßƒ hkn-°p-

∂-Xv. Ah-cpsS t\XrXzw uXn-IX-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-

139

8


X-am-sW-¶n-epw, t]m∏vam-cpsS t\Xr-XzsØ hyh-ÿm-

]n-X-ambn apt∂m v sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ Ah¿ {ian-®p-

h-cp-∂p≠v F∂Xv hmkvXhw Xs∂-bm-Wv. t]m∏ns\

Ah¿ _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. bqtdm-∏nse `qcn-`mKw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw t]m

∏ns\ A\p-Iq-en-°p∂ ItØm-en°m hn`m-K-°m-cm-

Wv. Ct∏mƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ hn[n-{]-Imcw apl-ΩZo

ako-ln-eqsS temIw apgp-h\pw Ckvem-ans‚ ]XmI

Db¿Øm\pw kXym-flm-°sf \_n Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

Xr]m-Z-ß-fn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cm\pw th≠n-bp≈

{]h¿Ø-\-amWv \mw \S-tØ-≠-Xv. CXv Hmtcm

AlvaZn-bp-tSbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-W∂v a\- n-em-

°p-I. ChnsS \ap°v ÿnc-ambn ap_-√n-Kn-√.

kzn‰vk¿em‚n¬ \ns∂m-s°-bmWv ap_-√n-Kvam¿ hcm-

dp-≈-Xv. ÿnc-ambn Hcp ap_-√n-Kns\ \nb-an-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ \S∂v hcn-I-bm-Wv. AXvsIm-

≠pXs∂ Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw Xß-fpsS ]cn-{i-a-ß-

fn¬ ap∂n¬ \n¬t°≠XmWv. Pam-A-Ønse km[m-

cW AwK-ßƒ t]mepw k¬kz- m-h-ß-fnepw Bflo-

b-h-f¿®-bnepw hfsc ap∂n-em-sW∂v Bfp-Iƒ°v

tXm∂p-∂-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv hcp-tØ-

≠-Xv. Ch¿ \nb-a-ßƒ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv F∂-

h¿°v t_m[y-am-h-Ww. Hmtcm AlvaZnbpw AlvaZn-

ø-Øns‚ ktμ-i-hm-l-I-cm-tI-≠-Xm-Wv. F¶n¬

am{Xta i‡n-a-Ømb ASn-Ø-d-tbmSv IqSn PamAØv

\ne-\n¬°p-I-bp-≈q. ap_-√nKv ÿnc-ambn Ign-

™m¬ \nß-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Hcn-°epw Ipd-

™v t]mIp-Ibn-√. BZy-tØ-°m-fp-]cn \nßfpsS

Bflo-bhpw kz`m-h-]-c-hp-amb \ne-hm-cw Db¿tØ-

≠-Xmbn hcpw. Aßs\ Cu cmPyw apgp-h\pw

\ΩpsS ap_-√n-Kp-amcpw ]≈n-I-fp-ap-≠m-hpw. aqkho

ako-lns‚ Jnem- -Øns‚ tI{μ-amb Cu cmPyØv

apl-ΩZo ako-lns\ ]n≥]-‰p-∂-h-cpsS B[n-Iy-ap-

≠m-th-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXv km[m-c-W- {]hr-Øn-b√.

`mcn® tPmen-bm-sW∂ Imcyw Hm¿°p-I. \nßƒ

akolv auDuZn\v sNbvX ss_A-Øns‚ \n_-‘-

\-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ AlvaZnøm

Jnem- -Øn-t\mSv hniz-kvX-Xbpw Iqdpw ]pe¿Øp-

∂-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ C∂-s√-¶n¬ \msf Cu Dt±-iysØ

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. C≥imA√m-lv.

\nßƒ°v km[n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Xo¿ ®-bmbpw \nß-fpsS

hcpwXe-apd B Zriy-ßƒ ImWp-∂-h-cm-Ipw. {In

kvXym-\n-Iƒ°v \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ITn-\-amb ]oV-\-

ßƒ G¬t°-≠n-h∂ tij-amWv ChnsS {InkvXob

aXw ÿm]n-X-am-b-Xv. F∂m¬ Xulo-Zn\v ]I-c-ambn

{Xntb-I-Xz- kn-≤m-¥-amWv Ah-cn¬ \ne\n∂Xv.

F∂m¬ AlvaZn-bØv AYhm bYm¿∞ Ckvem

an¬ {Xntb-I-ØzsØ ho≠pw Xulo-Zn-te°v Xncn-

®vsIm-≠p-h∂v Xulo-Zns‚ cp]o-I-c-W-Øn\v th≠n

{ian-°p-Ibpw cp]o-I-c-W-tØm-sSm∏w \_n Xncp-ta-

\n-bpsS ]XmI Db¿Øns°mt≠bn-cn-°m≥ {ian-

t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv. C≥im A√m-lv, temIØv Cu ktμ-

i-ßƒ {]N-cn-∏n-°m-\mbn apl-ΩZo ako-lns‚ A\p-

bm-bn-Iƒ XymK-ßƒ sNbvXp-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv. Cu XymK-ßƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv \mw XJvhbn¬

]Z-aq-∂p-∂-h-cm-Ip-tºm-gm-Wv. \ΩpsS krjvSn-bp-

t±iyw a\- n-em-°p-∂-hcpw kz¥w ÿnXn-K-Xn-Isf

ho£n-°p-∂-hcpw Zp≥bm-hn-t\-°mƒ Zo\n\v ap≥K-

W\ \¬Ip-∂-hcpw ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-ß-fn¬ kvt\l-

tØmSpw kulm¿±-tØmSpw IqSn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-

hcpw Pam-A-Øns‚ hyh-ÿn-Xn-I-fp-ambn At`-Zy-

amb _‘-ap-≠m-°p-∂-hcpw AlvaZnøm Jnem- -Øn-

t\mSv A\p-k-c-Whpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw ]pe¿Øp-∂-

hcpw akolv auDuZnt\mSv sNbvX ss_A-Øns‚

\n_-‘-\-Isf Ft∏mgpw ap∂n¬ sh°p-∂-hcpw

A√m-lp-hn-s‚bpw Xncp-Zq-X-cp-sSbpw I¬]-\-Iƒ°v

hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂-hcp-am-Ip-tºm-gmWv AXv {]m]y-

am-hp-∂-Xv. A√mlp \nßƒ°v Hc-h-kcw \¬In-bn-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]m°n-kvXm-\n-I-fmb ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿

Xß-fpsS cmPysØ ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ ImcWw Cu

cmPyØv h∂n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS \nßƒ°v aX-

]-c-amb coXn-bn¬ kam-[m-\-amWv e`n-°p-∂-Xv. qcn-

`mKw Bfp-Ifpw kmº-Øn-I-ambn Db¿∂-h-cm-bXv

sIm≠v \nßƒ A√m-lp-hn\v \μn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂

Zmk-cm-Ip-I. Rm≥ ]d™ Imcy-ßƒ°-\p-kcn®v

{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw XJvhtbmSvIqSn \S-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-tºm-gmWv \nßƒ IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-h-cm-Ip-∂-Xv. ]m°n-kvXm\n AlvaZn-Iƒ°v tijw

Chn-sS-bp-≈-h-cn¬ B{^n-°≥ AlvaZn-I-fmWv

IqSp-X¬. AXm-bXv Lm\-°m-cmb AlvaZn-Iƒ.

samtdm-t°m, AƒPo-cnb F∂o cmPy-ß-fnse Alv

aZn-I-fp-ap-≠v. \n-ßƒ°pw A√mlp `uXo-I-amb

D∂Xn {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. \nßfpw ss_A-

Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw ap∂n¬ sht°-

≠-Xm-Wv. B{^n-°≥ AlvaZn-I-fn¬ ]e¿°pw

As√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS ]q¿Δn-I¿°v {Xntb-I-XzsØ

140

9


hn´v Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-®p.

C\n Ah-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-´p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-

sa-∂Xv {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v \√ coXn-bn¬ Xulo-

Zns‚ ktμ-i-ßƒ FØn-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu

DØ-c-hm-ZnØw C\nbpw h¿≤n°p-∂-XmWv. A√mlp

Cu cmPyØv \nßƒ°v kmº-ØnI ]ptcm-KXn

\¬In-b-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ \nß-fn¬ Nne DØ-c-hm-

Zn-Ø-ßfpw \n£n-]vX-am-°nbn-cn-°p-∂p.

Cu ]mcn-tXm-jnIw Ic-ÿ-am-°m-\p≈ `mKy-

amWv A√mlp \nßƒ°v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

akolv auDuZn¬ \n∂v \nßƒ°v e`n® Bflo-b-

hn-`-h-ßƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°pw FØn®v Ah-scbpw

A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-°p-I. dkq¬ ]d™ {]Imcw Hcp

bYm¿∞ apkvenans‚ {]hrØn F∂Xv kzbw

CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xs‚ ktlm-Z-c\v th≠nbpw CjvS-

s∏-SpI F∂Xm-Wv. BI-bm¬ \nß-fpsS cmPy-

°m¿°pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ°pw _‘p-°ƒ°pw \_n

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kXy-k-‘-\mb t{]an-bpsS ktμ-

i-ßƒ FØn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS am{Xta \nßƒ bYm¿

∞ AlvaZn F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. samtdm-t°m-

bn-tebpw AƒPo-cn-b-bn-tebpw Nne AlvaZn-Iƒ

IqSn-°m-gvNm-th-f-bn¬ Ft∂mSv ]d-™-Xv, Ah¿°v

kz]v\-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv A√mlp akolv auDuZns‚

kXyX shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØXv F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

Aßs\ AlvaZn-ø-Øns\ a\- n-em°n Ah¿°v

CXn¬ tNcm-\p≈ mKyw e`n-®p. A√m-lp-hns‚ Cu

{]hrØn \nß-fpsS Nne \∑-Iƒ sIm≠mWv shfn-

s∏-´-Xv. CXv A√m-lp-hns‚ HuZm-cy-amWv F∂

Imcyw Hm¿°p-I. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ {ian-®mepw

AXn\v ]Icw \¬Im≥ \ap°v km[n-°p-I-bn-√.

A√mlp hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp-∂p.

k¬°¿aw sNøp-∂-Xn\v k¬^ew \¬Ip-I-

b-√msX a‰p h√ {]Xn- -e-hp-apt≠m?

sNdp-∏-Im-eØv \sΩ ]cn-]m-en® amXm-]n-Xm-°-

fpsS HuZm-cy-ßƒ Hm¿Ωn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-tcmSv \√

kao-]\w ImWn-®Xv \ΩpsS A\p- -h-ß-fn-ep-≈-Xm-

Wv. lZo-kn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS HuZm-cy-

Øn\v Pohn-X-Imew apgph≥ \nßƒ°v ]Icw

\¬Imt\ km[n-°p-∂-X-√. A√mlp k¿tΔm-]cn

\∑ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Xs‚ Zmk¿°v sNøp∂ HuZm-

cy-Øn\v ]Icw \¬Im≥ Ahcpw {ian-°-W-sa∂v

B{K-ln-°p-∂p. Ahs‚ ImcpWyw F√m krjvSn-

Pm-e-ßƒ°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Hcp k¬{]-Ir-X-°m-cs\

kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw A√m-lp-hns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-

sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ Ah\v Xe-bp-b¿Øm≥

t]mepw ka-b-an√ F∂v tXm∂n-t∏m-Ip-∂p. A√mlp

Bflo-b-ambn kzbw \ap°v hgn-Im-Wn-®p-X-cn-Ibpw

A·n-Ip-fi-Øn¬ hogp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v A\p-Kr-lo-

X-amb coXn-bn¬ \sΩ c£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

CXv A√mlphns‚ Af-h‰ HuZm-cy-am-Wv. a\p-jy≥

B{K-ln-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw AXn\v ]Icw \¬Im≥

km[n-°p-I-bn-√.

"k¬°¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn\v k¬^ew \¬Ip-I-

b-√msX a‰p h√ {]Xn-^-e-hp-apt≠m?' F∂-Xns\

A√m-lpambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ AXv GI-]-£o-

b-ambn amdp-∂p. AXm-bXv Ahs‚ HuZm-cy-ßƒ°v

]Icw \¬Im≥ \ap°v km[n-°p-I-bn-√. AXp-

sIm≠v Xs∂ Ahs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°p≈ Htc-sbmcp

hgn Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Ahs‚ A\p-{K-l-ß-

sf-°p-dn®v kvacn-°p-I. Ah-t\mSv IrX-⁄X ImWn-

°p∂ Zmk-cm-bn-Øo-cpI Fs∂m-s°-bmWv. Hcp

AlvaZn-bpsS {]hrØn AlvaZn-ø-Øns‚ ktμ-

isØ Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ {]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv.

AXn∂v th≠n-bmWv \mw ]cn-{i-an-t°-≠-Xv. AhnsS

Xma-kn®v hcp∂ (sam-tdm-t°m, AƒPo-cnb cmPy-

ß-fn-ep-≈) Ad_o AlvaZn-I-tfmSpw F\n°v ]d-

bm-\p-≈Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ Cu HuZm-cy-Øn\v ]I-c-

ambn \ap°v H∂pw \¬Im≥ km≤y-a-√. F∂m¬

AXn-∂mbn Ah-t\mSv \μn ImWn-°p∂ coXn

F∂Xv {]tXy-In®v \nß-fpsS cmPy-°m¿°pw kap-

Zm-b-°m¿°pw AlvaZn-øØv AYhm bYm¿∞

Ckvemans‚ ktμiw FØn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pI

F∂-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv Atd-_y≥ cmPy-°m-

tcm-tSm, ]mIn-kvXm-\n-I-tfm-tSm, B{^n-°-°m-tcmtSm

am{X-a√, ChnsS _wKmfn AlvaZn-I-fp-≠v. F√m

kap-Zm-b-°mcpw Xß-fpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ Cu

I¿Ø-hy-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn¬ Ah-km-\n-∏n-®mepw

A√m-lp-hns‚ HuZm-cy-Øn\v ]Icw \¬In-bn-cn-

°p∂p F∂v ]d-bm≥ \ap°v km[y-ta-b-√.

krjvSmhpw DS-a-ÿ-\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚

HuZm-cy-ßƒ°v Fß-s\-bmWv ]Icw \¬Im≥

\ap°v Ign-bpI? AsX, Ahs‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ°v

hnt[-b-cmbn {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Ahs‚ Xr]vXn

bpw kmao-]yhpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-I-

bmWv th≠-Xv.

141

10


tNmZyw: kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰ntNmZyw: kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰ntNmZyw: kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰ntNmZyw: kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰ntNmZyw: kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰n

hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? Fhn-sS-bm-WXv? AXns‚hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? Fhn-sS-bm-WXv? AXns‚hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? Fhn-sS-bm-WXv? AXns‚hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? Fhn-sS-bm-WXv? AXns‚hni-Zo-I-cn-°mtam? Fhn-sS-bm-WXv? AXns‚

kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°bmWv?kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°bmWv?kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°bmWv?kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°bmWv?kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Fs¥m-s°bmWv?

l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv: l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv: l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv: l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv: l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv: \ap°v Np‰pw

\n¬°p∂ Xcw-K-ßsf (Waves)∏‰n \nßƒ Fß-

s\-bmWv hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI? \nßƒ°-hsb sXmSm≥

Ign-bptam? Cu apdn Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Xcw-K-ß-fm¬

(Waves) \nd-™-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ \nßƒ°-

hsb A\p-`-hn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bptam? tdUn-tbm

bpw sSen-hn-j\pw t]mep≈ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ°mWv

Ahsb kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I.

{]tXyI D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØm-sS-b-

√msX Ahsb ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n√ F∂ H‰-°m-

cWw sIm≠v Ah-bpsS AkvXnXzw Hcmƒ°v \ntj-

[n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√. qan-bn¬ \ap-°n-hnsS a\-

n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ 4 Ub-a≥j-\p-I-fn¬ As√-

¶n¬ 4 am\-ß-fn¬ s]´-h-bm-W-hsbt∂m¿°p-I.

IqSmsX imkv{X-PvR-∑m¿ thsdbpw hyXykvX

Ub-a≥j-\p-Iƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂ Imcyw hniz-

kn-°m\pw a\- n-em-°m\pw XpS-ßn-bn- p-≠v.

14- \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p aptº temIØv ka¿∏n-°-

s∏´ Jp¿-B-\nse kz¿§-tØbpw \c-I-tØbpw ]‰n-

bp≈ [mcW t\tc ]d-™m¬ CXv Xs∂-bmWv.

kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?kz¿§-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?

\c-I-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?\c-I-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?\c-I-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?\c-I-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?\c-I-sa-hn-sS-bmWv?

]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?]p\¿P∑w Dt≠m?

1998 s^{_p-hcn 25-˛\p e≠-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp tNmtZym-Ø-c-1998 s^{_p-hcn 25-˛\p e≠-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp tNmtZym-Ø-c-1998 s^{_p-hcn 25-˛\p e≠-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp tNmtZym-Ø-c-1998 s^{_p-hcn 25-˛\p e≠-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp tNmtZym-Ø-c-1998 s^{_p-hcn 25-˛\p e≠-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp tNmtZym-Ø-c-

k-Z- n¬ Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv l: an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZvk-Z- n¬ Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv l: an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZvk-Z- n¬ Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv l: an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZvk-Z- n¬ Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv l: an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZvk-Z- n¬ Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv l: an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZv

\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-.\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-.\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-.\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-.\¬Inb adp-]-Sn-.

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZvlZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

Jp¿-B≥ P∂-Øns\ As√-¶n¬ kz¿§sØ

{]]©w apgp-h≥ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p-sh∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv

XnI®pw Aº-c-∏n-°p-∂Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. 14 \q‰m-≠p-

Iƒ°v apº-h-X-cn® Hcp {KŸw kz¿§w F√m-bn-

SØpw hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p-sh∂v (B ImeØv Pohn-

®n-cp∂ P\-ßƒ hkn-®n-cp∂ ÿe-ßƒ Dƒ∏-sS)

{]Jym-]n-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv A¤pXw Xs∂-bm-Wv. {]]-

©-sØ-∏‰n hfsc ]cn-an-X-amb Adnhp am{Xw D≠m-

bn-cp∂ A°m-esØ P\-ßƒ°v CØ-c-samcp

{]Jym-]\w hfsc Akm-[m-cWw Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-

sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww, dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Hcp

klm_n Fgp-t∂‰p \n∂p-sIm≠v Hcp tNmZyw

tNmZn-®p. B k-lm-_n-bpsS tNmZyw hfsc hyXy-

kvXhpw ck-I-c-hp-amb Xc-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. kz¿§w

{]]©w apgp-h≥ hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

\cIw Fhn-sS-bm-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p B tNmZyw.

hyXykvX Ub-a≥j-\p-Isf∏‰n-bp≈ Adnhp

A√mlp dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n°v t_m[y-am-°n-s°m-Sp-

Øn-cp-∂p-sh∂v hy‡-am-Wv. As√-¶n¬ B tNmZy-

Øn\v C{]-Imcw Hcp adp-]Sn \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n \¬Ip

ambn-cp-∂n-√. \_n ]d-™p. \cIw Cu {]]-©-

Øn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. ]s£


142

11


Jp¿-B-\n¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®- Imcyw {]Xn-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®- Imcyw {]Xn-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®- Imcyw {]Xn-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®- Imcyw {]Xn-Jp¿-B-\n¬ A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-®- Imcyw {]Xn-

]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. AapkvenwIƒ A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. AapkvenwIƒ A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. AapkvenwIƒ A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. AapkvenwIƒ A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ]m-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. AapkvenwIƒ A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ

Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂ apkvenwIƒ Jp¿-B≥Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂ apkvenwIƒ Jp¿-B≥Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂ apkvenwIƒ Jp¿-B≥Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂ apkvenwIƒ Jp¿-B≥Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂ apkvenwIƒ Jp¿-B≥

]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw AXp-≠m-Int√?]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw AXp-≠m-Int√?]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw AXp-≠m-Int√?]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw AXp-≠m-Int√?]mcm-bWw sNbvXmepw AXp-≠m-Int√?

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°v

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?D]-tbm-Kn-®p-IqtS?

ssZssZssZssZssZhØns‚ \maw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Bcp-sS-

sb-¶nepw IpØ-I-bmtWm? Hcp km[m-cW tNmZy-

am-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ ate-jy-bn¬ aq∂v h¿j-ßƒ°v

apºv ssZh-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø\ ]Z-ambn ae-b-°m¿

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂ "A√mlp' F∂ Ad-_n-]Zw ae-

b≥ mj-bn-ep≈ {InkvXy≥ ]{X-ß-fn¬ {]tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Kh¨sa≥dv ItØm-en-°m-k- sb

XS-™n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu Xocp-am-\sØ ate-jy-

bnse sslt°m-SXn Hcp dqfnw-Kn-ßn-eqsS d±m-°n-bn-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. "ItØm-en°m sldmƒUv' F∂ ]{X-

Ønse "A√m-lp-hns‚ ]p{X-\mWv' tbip F∂

]cm-a¿isØ c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-ambn tNmZyw sNøm-

\m-hn-s√-∂mWv sslt°m-SXn hn[n-bn¬ ]d-™n- p-

≈-Xv.

Cu hn[n apkvenw I£n-Isf {]tIm-]n-∏n®n-cn-

°-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øn\v A√mlp F∂ \ma-ap-]-tbm-

Kn-®p-sIm≠v {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ apkvenwIsf hgn-sX-

‰n-°p-sa-∂mWv Ah-cpsS t]Sn. Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw apkvenwIƒ°v am{Xta D]-

tbm-Kn-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-ap-≈q F∂m-Wv. F∂m¬

sldmƒUns‚ FUn-‰¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv ssZhsØ hnti-

jn-∏n-°m≥ "A√mlp' F∂ ]ZsØ°mƒ \√ Hcp

]Zw ae-b≥ mj-bnen-s√-∂m-Wv. Cu teJ\w A®-

Sn-°p-∂-Xn\v sXm´v apºv ate-jy≥ tImSXn Kh¨

sa‚n-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn B \ntcm-[\w ho≠pw ]p\x-

ÿm-]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ImcWw AXv h¿§ob

kwL-´-\-ßƒ°v hgn-sX-fn-bn-°p-sa∂ k¿°m¿

hmZsØ tImSXn AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

ssZh-Øn\v "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw \q‰m-≠p-I-

fmbn aebv `mj kwkm-cn-°p∂ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂p. GIssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw

Ad_n kwkm-cn-°p∂hcp-amb hym]m-cn-Iƒ,

A√mlp F∂ ]Zw ae-b-°m¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-

b-Xn\v tijw \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn aebv {InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ Cu ]Zw Xs∂-bmWv ssZhsØ hnti-jn-∏n-

°m≥ ae-b≥ mj-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®p hcp-∂-Xv. 14,000

{]Xn-I-fp≈ "ItØm-en°m sldmƒUv' {InkvXob

]≈n-°p-≈n¬ am{Xw hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ {]kn-

≤o-I-c-W-am-Wv. Bsc-¶nepw C‚¿s\-‰n¬ "A√mlp'

F∂ ]Zw Xnc-bp-tºmƒ ItØm-en°m sldmƒUn

s‚ "A√mlp' F∂ ]cm-a¿iw ImWm-\n-S-bm-Ip-sa-

∂m-Wv ate-jy-bnse apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fpsS

Bt£]w. ae-b-bnse \mj-\¬ bqWn-b≥ Hm^v

ae-b≥ apkvenw ÃpU≥kv ]d-bp-∂-Xv "A√mlp'

F∂ ]Zw apkvenw k¶¬]-Øn-ep≈ ssZhsØ

am{Xw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]Z-am-sW-∂m-Wv.

A√mlp F∂ ]Zw ItØm-en°m sldmƒUv D]-

tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv hmb-\-°m¿°n-S-bn¬

Bi-b-°p-g∏w krjvSn-°p-sa∂v Cu hnZym¿∞n

kwL-S\ Xm°oXv sNøp-∂p.

kmdm hknwkmdm hknwkmdm hknwkmdm hknwkmdm hknw

143

12


(http/ww.washingtonexaminier.com/world/80405892.html).

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ h°o-e-∑m¿ ]d-™Xv "A√m

lp' F∂ ]Zw temIw apgp-h≥ apkvenwIƒ ssZh

sØ hnfn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw AXv apkvenw

Iƒ°v am{X-ambn kwh-cWw sNø-s∏´Xp-am-sW-

∂mWv. ItØm-en-°¿ B ]Zw ssZh-Øn\v hnti-

jn-∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ apkvenwIƒ°n-S-bn¬

Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ hmZn-®p.

aq∂v ssZh-ßfps≠∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ {In

kvXym-\n-Ifpw XnI™ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb

apkvenwIfpw Htc-t]-cn¬ ssZhsØ hnfn-®m¬ -AXv

Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-°pw F∂-XmWv hmZw. ae-b≥

`mj-bn¬ ssZh-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ t]cv

"Xqlm≥' F∂mWv A√mlp F∂√ F∂pw Ah¿

Nq-≠n-°m- p-∂p.

hS°≥ s]td°v kwÿm-\sØ ap vXn lmdp-

m\n k°-dn-b-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-{]-Imcw A√mlp

F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ {InkvXym-\n-Isf A\p-

h-Zn -®p -sIm-≠p≈ Cu hn[n Cu cmPysØ

apkvenwIƒ°v A]-am-\-I-c-amWv F∂mWv.

apkvenwIfpw AapkvenwIfpw XΩn-ep≈

kwL¿jw C√m-Xm-°m≥ AapkvenwIƒ "A√mlp'

F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc I¿i-\-amb

D]m-[n-Iƒ sh°-W-sa∂v ap≥ ate-jy≥ {][m-\-

a{¥n alm-Xn¿ apl-Ω-Zv alm-Xn¿ apl-Ω-Zv alm-Xn¿ apl-Ω-Zv alm-Xn¿ apl-Ω-Zv alm-Xn¿ apl-Ω-Zv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. At±lw

]d™p:

"A√mlp F∂ ]Zw C{]-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬

AXv apkvenw hnImcw Bfn-°-Øn-°p-sa∂v Rm≥

`b-s∏-Sp-∂p. AapkvenwIƒ B ]Zw _m\-dp-I-fntem

at‰m Fgp-Xn-sb-¶n¬ AXv Hcn-°epw Ckvemw

aXsØ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂pan-√.' ZpxJ-I-c-sa∂v

]d-bs´ alm-Xndns‚ Cu "{]h-N\w' ]pe¿∂Xv

{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]Øv N¿®-pIƒ IØn-®p-sIm-

≠m-Wv. Ah-bn¬ an°-hbpw Xo t_mw_v Fdn-

™mWv \in-∏n®Xv.

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈

A¿∞w GI-\mb ssZhw F∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv.

Ckveman∂p apºp≈ Ad-_n-Iƒ A√m-lp-hn\v

]pdsa 300-e-[nIw _nw_-ßsf Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p. Cu

_nw_-ßƒs°√mw aosX-bp≈ ]c-tam-∂-X-\mb

ssZh-sØ-bmWv A√mlp F∂ ]Zw sIm≠v Ah¿

hnh-£n-®-Xv. F¶nepw A√mlp F∂ ]Zw Ahn-

izm-kn-I-fmb Ad-_n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) bmsXmcp hne°pw G¿s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√.

A√mlp F∂ ]Zw ItØm-en°m sldmƒUv'

D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ Iem-]-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂ ate-jy≥

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ `bw \sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]{Xw A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-

tbm-Kn-®m¬ Fß-s\-bmWv apkvenwIsf AXv

Ckveman¬ \n∂v AI-‰pI? Cukm \_nsb A√m-

lp-hns‚ ]p{X≥ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®m¬ GI-\mb

ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v apkvenwIsf

AXv hgn- X-S-bp-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ A√mlp kzbw Xs‚

\mahpw KpWhpw hnh-cn-°p-∂-tXmsSm∏w {]tXy-

I-ambn {XnXzsØ i‡-ambn \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. kqd: A¬ CJvem-kn¬ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-

bp∂p:

]d-bp-I, Ah≥ A√m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p GI≥.

A√mlp k¿Δm-[n-\m-Y-\m-Ip-∂p. (kzm-{i-b\pw

F√m-h-cmepw B{i-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\p-am-Wv). Ah≥

P\-I-\√ Ah≥ PmX-\p-a-√.' Ah\p ka-ambn

Bcpw Xs∂-bn-√.' (112:2˛5)

A√mlp Xs‚ GI-Xzhpw \ncm-{i-b-Xzhpw Jp¿-

B-\n¬ kzbw {]Jym-]n-°p-∂p. "A√mlp' GI-\m-

sW∂ kXyw ZrV-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-∂-tXmsS a‰p

ssZh-ßfpw ssZh-Øn\v Hcp ]p{X-\ps≠∂

hmZhpw Jfin°-s∏-Sp-∂p. am{X-a√ {XnXzsØ Jp¿-

B≥ hy‡-ambn \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

"........... \nßƒ A√mlphnepw Ahs‚ F√m

{]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw hniz-kn-°p-I. \nßƒ (ssZ-hw)

aq∂mWv F∂v ]d-b-cpXv. \nßƒ (A-ßs\ ]d-bp-

∂-Xn¬ \n∂v) hnc-an-°pI'. (C-Xv) \nßƒ°v KpW-

I-c-am-bn-cn°pw. A√mlp Htc-sbmcp ssZhw am{X-

am-Wv. X\n°v k¥m-\-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v

Ah≥ ]cn-ip-≤-\-\-s{X. BIm-i-ß-fnepw qan-bn-ep-

ap-≈-sX√mw Ahs‚XmIp-∂p. c£m-I¿Øm-hmbn

A√mlp aXn-bm-b-h-\m-Wv. (4:142).

A√mlp aqh-cn¬ aq∂m-a-\mWv F∂p ]d-bp-

∂-h¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Htc-sbmcp ssZh-a-√msX as‰mcp

144

13


ssZh-hp-an√ Xs∂. Xßƒ ]d-bp-∂-sXt¥m AXn¬

\n∂v Ah¿ hnc-an-°m-Ø-]£w Ah-cn¬ \n∂v Ahn-

izm-kn-I-fm-b- B-fp-Iƒ°v thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb in£

hs∂-ØpI Xs∂ sNøpw.' (15:74)

Ah¿ bmsXm-c-dnhpw IqSmsX Ah\v Bä-

°-tfbpw s]ä-°-sfbpw Btcm-]n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Ah≥ ]cn-ip-≤-\m-Wv, Ah¿ hnti-jn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ \ns∂√mw Ah≥ D∂-X-\p-amWv.

(Ah≥) BIm-i-ß-tfbpw `qan-tbbpw ap≥ amXr-

I-I-fn-√m-sX krjvSn-®-h-\s{X. Ah\v Hcp kl-

[¿ΩnWn Cs√-∂n-cns° Ah\v k¥m-\-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-

sX-ß-s\? F√m hkvXp-°-tfbpw Ah≥ krjvSn-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. k¿Δ-h-kvXp-°tfbpw kw_-‘n®pw

Ah≥ \√-t]mse Adn-hp-≈-h-\m-Ip-∂p. (6:101- 102)

G‰hpw {it≤-b-amb kwKXn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

"A√m-lp-hns‚ aI≥ akolv' F∂ ]cm-a¿isØ

kw_-‘n®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

Dssk¿ (F-{km) ssZh-]p-{X-\m-sW∂v PqX-

∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. aninlm ssZh-]p-{X-\m-sW∂v

{InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-cpsS hmb sIm

≠p≈ Hcp ]d-®n¬ am{X-am-W-Xv. Xßƒ°v apºp-

≠m-bn-cp∂ kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS hm°p-Isf Ah¿

A\p-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A√mlp Ahsc i]n-°-s´.

Ah¿ Fß-s\-bmWv (k-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂v) sX‰n-°-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv (10:30)

"akolv A√m-lp-hns‚ aI-\mWv' F∂

{InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS hm°p-Iƒ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

Xs∂ DW¿Øp∂p. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS B {]kvXm-

hsØ \ntj-[n-°m-\m-sW-¶nepw Jp¿-B≥ "A√m-

lp-hns‚ aI≥ akolv' F∂ hnti-jWw {]tbm-

Kn-°p-tºmƒ AØcw Hcp {]tbmKw {InkvXy≥

sldmƒUn¬ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ A®-Sn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-

Xnsc apkvenwIƒ F¥n\v Bi-¶m-Ip-e-cm-I-Ww?

apkvenwI-fpsS hnizmkw Bi-b-°p-g-∏-Øn-em-hp-

sa∂v Ah¿ F¥n\v b-s∏-SWw?

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

Hcp k¥m-\sØ kzoI-cn-°pI F∂Xv A√m-

lp-hn\v tbmPn-®-X-√. Ah≥ ]cn-ip-≤-\m-Wv. GsX-

¶nepw Hcp Imcyw Ah≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p-I-gn-™m¬

D≠m-hpI F∂v Ah≥ ]d-bpI am{Xw sNøp-∂p.

At∏mƒ AXv D≠m-hp-∂p. (F-∂n-cns° Ah\v

k¥m-\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-sa¥v?) (Cukm ]d-™p)

Xo¿®-bmbpw A√mlp Fs‚ \mY-\m-Ip-∂p. \nß-

fp-tSbpw \mY-\m-Ip-∂p. AXn-\m¬ \nßƒ Ahs\

Bcm-[n-°p-hn≥. CXs{X t\cmb am¿§w (19:36,57)

{InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn¬ {XnXzw DS-se-Sp-Ø-

Xn\v Hcn-°epw tbip DØ-c-hm-Zn-b-s√∂v Jp¿-B≥

\sΩ DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. Xs‚ Znhy-]-Zhn Db¿

Øm≥ tbip Cßs\ ]d-™n-ń√ F∂v Jp¿-B≥

Ak-∂n-Kv≤-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

A√mlp ]d-bp∂ Ah-kcw: Hm a¿b-ans‚

aI≥ Cukm; Fs∂bpw Fs‚ amXm-hn-t\bpw

A√mlphns\-°q-SmsX c≠p ssZh-ß-fmbn kzoI-

cn-°pI' F∂v \obmtWm P\-ß-tfmSv ]d-™Xv?

At±lw ]dbpw \o ]cn-ip-≤-\mWv. F\n°v Ah-

Im-i-an-√mØ Hcp Imcyw ]d-bpI F∂Xv F\n°v

tN¿∂-X-√. Rm≥ Aßs\ ]d-™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

Xo¿®-bmbpw \o AXv Adn-™n-cn-°pw. F∂n-ep-≈Xv

\o Adn-bp-∂p. \n∂n-ep-≈Xv Rm≥ Adn-bp-∂n-√.

Xo¿®-bmbpw \o ]tcm£ Imcyw \√-hÆw Adn-bp-

∂-h-\m-Wv. \o Ft∂mSv B⁄m-]n®sXt¥m AX-

√msX Rm≥ Ah-tcmSv ]d-™n-ń-√. AXm-bXv

"Ft‚bpw \nß-fp-tSbpw \mY-\mb A√m-lp-hns\

\nßƒ Bcm-[n-°p-hn≥' F∂v. (5:117, 118)

AXmbXv A√mlp Xs‚ \ma-Øns‚ A¿∞w-

\n¿Δ-Nn-°pI am{X-a√ tbip-hns‚ t]cn¬ {]N-cn-

°p∂ {XnXzw Hcn-°epw tbip {]t_m-[n-®n- n√ F∂v

hni-Zo -I-cn -°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tbip-hns‚

bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amb Hcp

hymP-k-¶-ev]-amWv {XnXzw. AXp-sIm≠v {XnXzw

hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcmƒ "A√mlp' F∂v D®-cn-®m¬

Fß-s\-bmWv Hcp atejy≥ apkvenw Xs‚ GI-

ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ \n∂p Zqc-s∏- p-t]m-IpI!

A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ apkvenw

Iƒ°v am{Xta IpØ-Im-h-Im-i-ap≈q F∂ ate-

jy≥ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ bmm¿∞y-sa-

¥mWv? Cu Akw-_-‘-hm-Zw Xpd-∂p-Im- m≥ Jp¿-

B≥ Xs∂ \ap°v am¿§-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂p. kqdm

\wen¬ A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p:

B (F-gpØv Inń-b-t∏mƒ) Ahƒ ]d™p:

{][m-\n-Itf, BZ-c-Wo-bamb enJnXw F\n°v e`n-

®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXv kpsse-am-\n¬ \n∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. ]c-

a-Im-cp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-a-b\p-amb A√m-lp-hns‚

\ma-Øn¬ D≈-XmWv (37:30- 31).

145

14


\nßƒ°v "{Kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√.' A°m-

esØ P\-ßƒ°v A{]-Im-c-samcp Bibw a\- n-

em-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ C°m-esØ

P\-ßƒ°v hyXykvX am\-ßƒ D≈ hkvXp-

°ƒ°v hyXykvX am\-ß-fn¬ Cu {]]©Øn¬

Xs∂ \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Hc-f-hp-hsc a\-

n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ah ]c-kv]cw IqSn-°-e-cp-

∂n-√. Ah ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. AXv H∂v

\ne-\n¬t° Xs∂ as‰m∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√ F∂

a´n¬ kl-h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v \ne-\n¬°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ coXn-bn-em-Wv. Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp∂ kz¿§-

Øn-t‚bpw \c-I-Øn-t‚bpw Bibw CXv Xs∂-

bmWv.

tNmZyw : ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n Ckvemans‚tNmZyw : ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n Ckvemans‚tNmZyw : ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n Ckvemans‚tNmZyw : ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n Ckvemans‚tNmZyw : ]p\¿P-∑-sØ-∏‰n Ckvemans‚

ho£-W-sa-¥mWv? \Ωƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptºho£-W-sa-¥mWv? \Ωƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptºho£-W-sa-¥mWv? \Ωƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptºho£-W-sa-¥mWv? \Ωƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptºho£-W-sa-¥mWv? \Ωƒ P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptº

\ΩpsS Bflmhv \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Aß-s\-\ΩpsS Bflmhv \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Aß-s\-\ΩpsS Bflmhv \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Aß-s\-\ΩpsS Bflmhv \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Aß-s\-\ΩpsS Bflmhv \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m? Aß-s\-

bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahbv°p Ah-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahbv°p Ah-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahbv°p Ah-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahbv°p Ah-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahbv°p Ah-bpsS amXm-]n-Xm-

°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bptam?°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bptam?°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bptam?°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bptam?°sf Xnc-s™-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bptam?

l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv :l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv :l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv :l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv :l: an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv : Rßƒ ]p\¿P-

∑-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. Bflmhv ÿnc-ambn

Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn ssZh-tØm-sSm∏w Pohn-°p-∂p-

sh∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂n-√. CXv ]pcm-W-ß-fnse

lnμp-hnizmkamWv. ]pcmWØnse XXz-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-

ambpw a\- n-em-°nbn- n-√. Ah¿ Ah-cpsS _‘p-

°-fp-tSbpw kvt\ln-X∑mcp-tSbpw CS-bn¬ ho≠pw

P\n-°p-hm\pw Pohn-°m\pw Bin-°p-∂p. Ah-cpsS

D¬°S-amb B{KlØns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu

]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ Ah¿ A`n-e-jn-

°p∂p.

kzX-{¥-ambn \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcm-flmhpw C√.

F√m Bflm-°ƒ°pw Hcp ico-c-ap-≠v. \ap-°n-hn-

sS-bp≈ ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Bflmhv P\n-°p-

∂Xv. F∂m¬ Hcn-°¬ Ah icocw Dt]-£n-®p-I-

gn-™m¬ Ah ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v t]mIp-∂p.

Ahbv°v `qan-bn-te°v aSßn hcp-hm≥ \n¿Δm-l-

an√. Ah ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v t]mIbpw Ah Hmtcm-

∂n-t‚bpw qan-bnse {]h¿Øn-b-\p-k-cn®v F¥p-th-

W-sa∂v Ah≥ hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠v ]c-tem-I-Øp-\n∂v Xncn-®p-h-chv Fs∂m-∂n-

√. Cukm-\_n (tb-ip-{In-kvXp) ssIs°m≠

hnizmkw CXm-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-t{]m-‡-amb F√m

aX-ß-fp-tSbpw hnizmkw CXp Xs∂-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-

Xn-sc-bp-≈-sX√mw Iev]n-X-I-Ybpw D¬km-l-]q¿Δ-

amb B{K-lhpw am{X-am-Wv. AXm-W-Xns‚ Npcp°w.

(The Review of Religions - March 2002)X¿÷a : A_vZp- -emw, sIm®nX¿÷a : A_vZp- -emw, sIm®nX¿÷a : A_vZp- -emw, sIm®nX¿÷a : A_vZp- -emw, sIm®nX¿÷a : A_vZp- -emw, sIm®n

lZvdØv kpsse-am≥ \_n(-A) A√m-lp-hns‚

\ma-Øn¬' F∂ hN\w ChnsS D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-

∂p. CXv Ckveman-\p-ap-ºp≈ {]tbm-K-am-Wv.

C°mcyw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ hnh-cn-°p-tºmƒ

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw icn-bm-hp-∂-sX-ßs\?

Ckveman\v apºv Ah-X-cn-® a‰p aX-ÿ¿ ssZh-Øn\v

A√mlp F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc

\ap°v {]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥ F¥v \ymb-am-Wp-≈-Xv? a‰p

aX-ÿ¿ "A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw Xß-fpsS ssZhsØ

hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv Jp¿-B-\n¬ ImWp-

tºmƒ ate-jy≥ apkvenw t\Xm-°-∑m¿, apkvenw

IfpsS hnImcw {hW-s∏-Sptam As√-¶n¬ a‰p

apkvenwIƒ hgn-]n-g-®p-t]m-Ip-tam Ft∂m¿Øp

t_Pm-dm-Iptam?

(10-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(10-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

cy-am-Wn-Xv. Bflo-b-tbm-Ky-X-Ifpw kz¿§o-bm-\p-

{K-l-ßfpw hnizmkw aptJ-\tb kwPm-X-am-hp-

I-bp-≈q. Cu am¿§-Ønse bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈

XØz-sa-¥m-sW∂v sh®m¬ hnizm-k-h-gn-bnse

{]mY-an-I-L-´-Øn-ep-≈-bmƒ k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb

ssZh-Øns‚ kzm-{i-bØzw Ah s‚ i‡n,

Ahs‚ hmKvZm-\w, Ahs‚ Xm°o-Xv, Ah-\n¬

\n∂p≈ shfn-]m-Sv, Ahs‚ \nKq-V-X-Iƒ F∂n-

hsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ \nc-¥-c-amb kwi-b-ßfpw

\ntj-[-Nn-¥-Ifpw Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnizm-k-

Øns‚ Hu∂Xyw \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v AXns‚

D]m-[n-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ F√m hnizm-k-hn-

j-b-ßfpw a‰p hkvXp-X-I-sf-t∏m se F√m-

h¿°pw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ ZrjvSn-tKm-N-c-am-hp∂

coXn-bn¬ k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZ hw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m-

dn-√.

(kp¿sa Nivsa Bcy ˛ dq-lm\n Jkm-bn≥

hmeyw 2. t]. 70-˛80.)

(6˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(6˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(6˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(6˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)(6˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

146

15


amamamamam\p-j-]q¿Æ-X-I-fpsS Poh¬

{]-Xo-I-amWv lZvdØv apl-ΩZv

apkvX^m (k). al-\o-bhpw [\y-

hp-amb PohnXw ImgvN-sh®

Ahn-S∂v, X\n°v {]Zm\w sNø-

s∏´ Ign-hp-I-tfm-tcm∂pw AXn

s‚ kºq¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. _lp-ap-J-ß-fmb

Xs‚ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ a\p-

jy-Xz-Øns‚ t{ib-kvI-c-amb

kI-e-[m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-`m-h-ßfpw

XnI-hp‰ \ne-bn¬ Ahn-S∂v {]Xn-

^-en-∏n-®p-Im-Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Ipd-™ Pohn-X-Im-e-b-f-hn-∂n-S-

bn¬ F√m-Xcw Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-

fn-eq-sSbpw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n°v

IS-∂p-t]m-tI-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≠v. A

t∏m-sg√mw hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb

kz`m -h -a -ln -a -I -fmWv \_n

(-k)-bn¬ \n∂v shfn-s∏- -Xv. X∂n-

anØw \m\m-Xp-d-I-fn-ep≈ Bfp-

Iƒ°pw Ahn-SsØ Pohn-X-

Øn¬ DZm-Ø-am-XrI Z¿in-°m≥

km[n-°p-∂p. Xm≥ temI-k-a£w

ka¿∏n® Pohn-X-Z¿i-\-ßƒ

hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-

lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k)

kºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrIkºq¿Æ amXrI

alvaqZv I¬°pfwalvaqZv I¬°pfwalvaqZv I¬°pfwalvaqZv I¬°pfwalvaqZv I¬°pfw

a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ A√mlp Ab®a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ A√mlp Ab®a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ A√mlp Ab®a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ A√mlp Ab®a\p-jy-k-aq-lsØ k∑m¿§-Øn-te°v \bn-°m≥ A√mlp Ab®

apl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Bflo-bhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb am\pj KpW-ß-fpsSapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Bflo-bhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb am\pj KpW-ß-fpsSapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Bflo-bhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb am\pj KpW-ß-fpsSapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Bflo-bhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb am\pj KpW-ß-fpsSapl-ΩZv \_n(-k) Bflo-bhpw [m¿Ωn-I-hp-amb am\pj KpW-ß-fpsS

kºq¿Æ amXr-I-bmWvkºq¿Æ amXr-I-bmWvkºq¿Æ amXr-I-bmWvkºq¿Æ amXr-I-bmWvkºq¿Æ amXr-I-bmWv

ß-fn-eqsS {]tbm-K-h¬°-cn®v

hnPbw t\SpI am{X-a√ AXn¬

kap¬IrjvS amXr-I-bm-bn-Øo-cp-

Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\v \_n(-k)-bp-tS-

X-√mØ as‰m-cp-Zm-l-cWw ImWn-

°m-\m¿°p-am-hn-√.

ssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bpsSssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bpsSssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bpsSssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bpsSssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bpsS

\nd-∏m{Xw\nd-∏m{Xw\nd-∏m{Xw\nd-∏m{Xw\nd-∏m{Xw

Xs‚ {kjvSm-hmb k¿Δm-

[n-\m-Y-t\m-Sp≈ \n o-a-amb

A\p-c-‡n-bpsS {]I-S-\-ß-fmWv

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-

Øn-ep-S-\ofw sXfn-™p-Im-Wp-∂-

Xv. apl-ΩZv Xs‚ d∫n¬ A\p-c-

‡-\m-bn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v

i{Xp-°ƒt∏mepw G‰p-]-d-bp∂

cq]-Øn¬ Xo{h-amb ssZhm-\p-cm-

K-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-am-bn-cp∂p

Ahn-SsØ Pohn-Xw. ssZh-Øn

s‚ CjvShpw CwKn-X-hp-tatXm

AXv am{X-amWv Xs‚ Pohn-X-

I¿Ω-ß-fn-eqsS Ahn-S∂v {]I-S

am-°n-b-Xv. Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm

tcm kμ¿ -ßƒ°p-a-\p-Kp-W-amb

co Xn-bn¬ hnhn[bn\w -{]m¿∞-

\-Iƒ ]Tn -∏n -®p -X-∂p-sIm≠v

ssZh-kva-c-W- kZm \ne-\n-dp-

Øp∂ Hcp coXn At±lw ImWn-

®p-X-∂p. AYhm ssZh-kva-c-W-

bn¬ \n∂v amdn-\n¬°m-\m-hm-Ø-

hn[w ssZh-tØmSv \μn-Im-Wn-°p-

hm≥ IS-s∏-´-h-\mWv a\p-jy-

s\∂ bmYm¿ ∞yw kz¥w Pohn-

X-Øn-eqsS \_n(-k) kv-Ym-]n-®p-

Im-Wn-®p. cm{Xn-I-fn¬ Zo¿L-t\-

cw, ]e-t∏m-gpw Imen¬ \ocv hcp-

thmfw Ahn-S∂v {]m¿∞-\-I-fn¬

Ign-®p-Iq- n. Hcn-°¬ {]nb-]Xv\n

lZvdØv Bbnim (d) tNmZn®p:

A√tbm \_n-tb, Xm¶-fpsS

I¿Ω-ß-sf√mw A√mlp kzoI-cn-

°p-Ibpw Xm¶ƒ°-h≥ s]mdp-

Øp-X-cn-Ibpw sNbvX ÿnXn°v

C\n-bp-an-ßs\ thh-em-Xn-s∏-Sp-∂-

sX-¥n-\mWv? A√m-lp-hns‚

A\p-{K-l-ßƒ°v IqSp-X¬ \μn-

Im-Wn-°m≥ Rm≥ _m≤y-ÿ-

\t√ F∂mWv Ahn-S∂v \evInb

{] Xyp-Ø-cw. 13 h¿j-°mew

X\n°v sImSnb a¿±-\-ßƒ am{Xw

\evIn \m´n¬ \n∂v B´n-tbm-Sn-°p-

147

16


Ibpw Xs‚ kz¥-°mcpw {]oX-

cp-amb A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ ]e-

scbpw IpcpXn \S-Øp-Ibpw sN

bvX i{Xp-°-fpsS X -I-amb a°m-

\-K-c-Øn¬, Ah-km\w \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta\n k¿Δm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn

]Xn-\m-bncw hnip≤∑mtcm-sSm∏w

Xncn-®p-sN-∂-t∏mƒ, {Iqc-∑m-cmb

B Iiva-e¿°p-t]mepw am∏p-cp-fp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. {]Xn-Im-c-Nn-¥-bn-e-√,

k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb ssZh-Øn\v \μn

{]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cp∂p

At∂cw Ahn-SsØ apgp-h≥

{i≤bpw! Cu hnP-b-t -cn, at‰-sX-

¶nepw t\Xm-hn-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ i-{Xp-°sf kw_-‘n-®-nS-

tØmfw Imf-cm-{Xn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. temI-N-cn-{X-Ønse Xpey-X-

bn-√mØ hnP-bm-tLmjw \S

ØpI-bm-bn-cp∂p \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta-\n. inc- p-b¿Øm-sX-bp≈

hnP-bm-tLmjw! AYhm Atß-

b‰w hn\m-bm-\zn-X-\mbn A√m-lp-

hn\v kvXpXn-Io¿Ø-\-ß-f¿∏n-®p-

sIm≠v H´-I-]p-dØv ap´p-thmfw

Ahn-SsØ icn v XZ-h-k-c-

Øn¬ Ip\n-™p-\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS PohnXw XpS°w

apX¬ HSp°w hsc Xs‚ c£n-

Xm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Xn-tcIw

\nd-™p-Xp-fp-ºp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Ahn-S∂v C{]-Imcw hnfw-_-c-s∏-

SpØn: ""]d-bp-I, Fs‚ \a-kvIm-

chpw Fs‚ XymKhpw Fs‚ Po

hn-Xhpw Fs‚ acWhpw k¿Δ-

tem-I-]-cn-]m-e-I-\mb A√m-lp-hn-

\p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.'' (6:163) ac-Wm-k-

∂-th-f-bnse Akzmÿyw \nan

Øw Atßm- p-an-tßm´pw apJw-Xn-

cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mgpw Ahn-S∂v

\evInb D]-tZ-i-an-Xm-bn-cp∂p:

""PqXcpw {InkvXym-\n-Ifpw GI-

\mb Cem-lns\ ssIhn- n-cn-°-bm-

Wv. CXv ImcWw A√mlp Ah

sc shdp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Xß-

fpsS {]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS arX-Ip-

Socw Bcm-[-\m-tI-{μ-ßfm°n

am‰n. F∂m¬ Fs‚ arX-Ip-Socw

\n ßƒ Bcm-[n-®p- Xp-S-ß-cp-Xv.

\nßƒ GI-\mb Cem-lns\

am{Xsa Bcm-[n-°mhq.'' Fs‚

D∂-X-\mb kvt\-ln-Xs‚ ASp-°-

te°v F∂mWv \_n(-k) Ah-km-

\-ambn Dcp-hn- -Xv.

ssZh-Øns‚ssZh-Øns‚ssZh-Øns‚ssZh-Øns‚ssZh-Øns‚

kw{]o-X-Zm-k≥kw{]o-X-Zm-k≥kw{]o-X-Zm-k≥kw{]o-X-Zm-k≥kw{]o-X-Zm-k≥

ssZhm-\p-c-‡n-bn¬ B

lpXn sNbvX Xs‚ {]nb-Zm-k-

t\mSv X\n-°p≈ AXoh kvt\l-

sØbpw hnhn[ coXn-bn¬ hn

ip≤ Jp¿-B-\n-eqsS ssZhw sh

fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. ssZh-Øns‚

{]oX-Zm-k-cn¬ A{Kn-a-ÿm-\Øv

\n¬°p-∂Xv lZvdØv apl-ΩZv

apkvX^ (k) Xncp-ta-\n-bm-Wv.

Ahn-S∂v krjv-Sn-Ip-tem-Ø-a\pw

Bflo-bm-\p-{KlßfpsS hnf-\n-e-

hp-am-sW∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

hnfw-_-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. a\p-jys‚

krjvSn-bp-t±-iy-amb ssZthm-]-e-

_v[n°v \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS

amXr-Isb A\p-I-cn-t°-≠Xv

A\n-hm-cy-\n-_-‘-\-bm-Ip-∂p.

CXp-kw-_-‘-ambn hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ ]d-bp-I-bmWv: ""A√m-lp-

hns‚ ZqX-\n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw

\nßƒ°v DØ-a-am-Xr-I-bp-≠v.

AXm-bXv A√m-lp-hn-s\bpw

A¥y-\m-fn-s\bpw b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

A√m-lp-hns\ A[n-I-ambn kvacn-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°v.'' (33:22)

""]d-bp-I, \nßƒ A√m-lp-hns\

kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Fs∂

]n¥p-S-cp-I. F∂m¬ A√mlp

\nßsf kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw \nß-

fpsS Ip‰-ßƒ \nßƒ°v s]mdp-

Øp-X-cp-Ibpw sNøpw. A√mlp

k¿ΔYm s]mdp-°p-∂-h\pw Icp-

Wm-a-b-\p-am-Ip∂p'' (3:32) Xs‚-

kvt\lw ssIh-cn-°p-hm≥ Xs‚

ZqXs\ ]n¥p-S¿∂p Pohn-°pI

F∂ Znhy-{]-Jym-]\w \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\nbv°v ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p

e`n® AXn-a-l-Ømb AwKo-Imcw

IqSn-bm-Ip-∂p. A√m-lp-hns\

kvt\ln-°p-∂p-sh∂ a\p-jys‚

hmZw A¿∞-]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂-Xv,

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nsb ]n≥]‰n

PohnXw \bn-°p-tºm-gm-Wv. \_n

(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS AKm-[-amb

ssZssh-Iy-_-‘sØ Hcp cwKm-

hn-jv°-cWw aptJ\ hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ C{]-Imcw A\m-hr-X-am-°p-

∂p. ""At±lw AXyp-∂X ZnMva-

fi-e-Øn-em-bn-cn-°sh (A-√mlp

At±-l-Øn\v Xs‚ hN\w ]Tn-

∏n-®p.) ]ns∂ At±lw (A-√m-

lphnte°v) IqSp-X¬ ASpØp

F∂n v At±lw Cdßn (a-\p-jy-

Ip-e-Øn-te-°v). Aßs\ At±lw

c≠v hn√p-I-fpsS Hcp hm¿ t]m

se Bbn-Øo¿∂p. As√-¶n¬

AXns\°mƒ ASpØ ÿnXn-

bn¬.'' (53:8˛10) tIhew Xs‚ C—

bpw A`n-em-j-ß-fp-amWv \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta\n \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-sX∂v

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v th≠n

Ahn-SsØ {]h¿Øn-Isf Xs‚

Xs∂ {]h¿Øn-I-fmbn ssZhw

hnti-jn-∏n-®p-]-d-™n- p-≠v. _Z¿

bp≤m-h-k-c-Øn¬, \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta\n Hcp ]nSn aW¬ i{Xp-`m-K-

tØ-s°-dn-™-t∏mƒ AsXmcp

sImSp-¶m-‰mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Aßs\ i{Xp-°ƒ°v KXy-¥-c-

an-√msX ]n¥n-cn-t™m-tS-≠nh-∂p.

Cu kw -hsØ ]‰n "\o Fdn-™-

t∏mƒ AXv \ob√ Fdn-™Xv

A√m-lp-hmWv' F∂mWv hnti-jn-

∏n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-

148

17


fpsS ssI∏n-Sn®v ss_AØv (A-

\p-k-cW {]Xn-⁄) hmßn-b-

Xns\ w_-‘n®v "\nt∂mS v

ss_AØv hmßp-∂-h¿ A√m-lp-

hn-t\mSv Xs∂-bmWv ss_AØv

hmßp-∂Xv Ah-cpsS ssIIƒ°v

aosX A√m-lp-hns‚ ssI BWp-

≈Xv' F∂pw A√mlp km£y-

s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠mbn.

ssZh-Øn-tssZh-Øn-tssZh-Øn-tssZh-Øn-tssZh-Øn-te-°p-≈e-°p-≈e-°p-≈e-°p-≈e-°p-≈am¿§-Z¿inam¿§-Z¿inam¿§-Z¿inam¿§-Z¿inam¿§-Z¿in

a\p-jy\v sNs∂-Øm-hp∂

Bflo-b-X-bpsS Kncn-irw-K-ß-fn¬

hncm-Pn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn´pw Ahn-S∂v

DZvtLm-jn-®Xv ""Xo¿®-bmbpw

Rm\pw \nß-sf-t]m-ep≈ Hcp

a\pjy≥ am{X-am-Wv. \nß-fpsS

Bcm-[y≥ Htc-sbmcp Bcm-[y≥

am{X-am-sW∂v F\n°v ktμiw

\evI-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv.'' (18:111)

a‰p aX-ÿ¿ Xß-fpsS aX-Kp-cp-

°-∑msc Cuiz-c-t\m, Cuiz-cmw-

itam Bbn- mWv Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. F∂m¬ ssPhn-Ihpw am\p-

jn-I-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fp≈

hy‡n°v am{Xsa Xs∂-t∏m-ep≈

a‰p a\p-jy¿°v amXr-I-bm-Im-≥

km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. am\p-jn-I-amb

LS-\-bnepw kØ-bnepw krjvSn-

°-s∏-´-h¿°v Hc-kvXn-XzsØ

]n≥]‰n Pohn-°m-\m-hp-sa∂

hmZw XnI®pw _p≤n-iq-\y-am-Ip-

∂p. ssZhw a\p-jy\v {]Zm\w

sNbvXn-cn-°p∂ {]m]vXn-I-sf√mw

AXns‚ XnI-hn-se-Øn-®p-sIm≠v

]c-tam-∂-X-]Zw {]m]n® kºq¿

Æ a\p-jy-\mWv (C≥kms\

Iman¬) lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX

^m (k). Ahn-S∂v Xs‚ D]-tZ-i-

ß-fnepw {]hr-Øn-I-fnepw ssZh-

Øns‚ GI-Xm-hn-emkw Db¿Øn-

°m-´p-Ibpw a\p-jy\v ZnhyXzw

Iev]n-°p∂ Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-fn-te°v

hgp-Xn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xns\ w_-‘n®v

Pm{K-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]q¿Δ-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ ]e

A¤p-X-ßfpw shfn-s∏-´n-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw kqcys‚ Ne\w \n¿Øn-

°m-Wn-°pI, N{μs‚ {`aWw

\n›-e-am-°p-I, Pe-{]-hmlw XS-

™p-\n-dp-ØpI XpS-ßnb A¤p-

X-Ir-Xy-ßƒ Ah¿ ImWn-®n-cp∂p

F∂p-ap≈ Hcp [mcW \_n(-k)-

bpsS ImeØv {]N-cn-X-am-b-t∏mƒ

CsX√mw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-ß-fm-

sW∂v Ahn-S∂v A\p-N-c-hr-μ

sØ DW¿Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]pWy-

{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏´ CØ

cw A¤p-X-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ Be-

¶mcn-Itam A‘-hn-izm-k-ßtfm

BsW∂v Ahn-S∂p ]Tn-∏n-®p.

Xs‚ c≠c hb- p≈ Hma-\-]p-

{X≥ C_vdmlow ac-W-s∏´ Znh

kw kqcy\v {KlWw _m[n-®n-cp-

∂p. At∂-Zn-hkw kqcy-{K-l-W-

ap-≠m-bXv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-

bpsS {]nb-a-Is‚ Nc-a-Øn¬,

A\p-tim-N-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬

shfn-s∏´ {]Ir-Xn-{]-Xn-`m-k-am-

sW∂ hnNmcw apkvenwIƒ°n-S-

bn¬ ]c-∂-t∏mƒ \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta\n Atß-b‰w A\n jvSw {]I-

Sn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v kqcy-s‚bpw N{μ-

s‚bpw a‰p-tKm-f-ß-fp-sSbpw Ne-

\-ßƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv, ssZh-Øns‚

\n›nX \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wv.

Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw ac-W-hp-ambpw

Pohn-X-hp-ambn AXns\ _‘n-∏n-

°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂v DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. a\p-jy-cn¬ sh®v

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ k¬I¿Ω-ßƒ

sNøm≥ ku`mKyw e`n-®Xv lZv

dØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^m (k) Xncp-

ta-\n-°m-Wv. Ahn-S∂v sNbvX

al¬Ir-Xy-ßƒ a‰m¿°pw sN

øm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-{Xbpw kap-∂-

Xhpw hn]p-e-hp-am-Ip-∂p. B al-

\ob I¿Ω-ßsf k¿Δ-i-‡-\mb

ssZhw {]Io¿Øn-®p-]-d-™n-´p-

≠v. F∂m¬ C{Xbpw kap-∂-X-

ÿm-\Øv hncm-Pn-°p-∂p-≠m-

bn´pw \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Hcn-

°epw Xs‚ I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ Al-

¶-cn-°p-Itbm B{i-b-a¿∏n-°p-

Itbm sNbvXn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v

Atß-b‰w hn\-bm-\zn-X\pw AXy-

[nIw hnIm-c- -cn-X-\p-am-bn-sIm≠v

ssZh-k-hn-[-Øn¬ kZm \μn-Im-

Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ hym]r-X-\m-Ip-I-

bmWv At±lw sNbvX-Xv. Hcn-

°¬, Aß-bpsS I¿Ω-ßƒ

Aßsb kz¿K-{]m-]vX-\m-°p-I-

bnt√ F∂ A\p-N-cs‚ tNmZy-

Øn-\v, Hcn-°-ep-an-√, ssZhm\p-{K-

l-Øn-s‚bpw Ahs‚ Imcp-Wy-

Øn-s‚bpw ]pX∏v sIm≠v Bh-

cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-sa-¶n¬ am{Xsa

Rm\pw kz¿K-{]m-]vX-\m-Ip-I-

bp≈q F∂mWv \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta\n {]Xn-h-Nn-®-Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬,

B`m-k-I-chpw e÷m-I-c-hp-amb

]m]-I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cp∂

Hcp P\-Xsb Ahn-S∂v bp‡n-

]q¿Δ-Ihpw btYm-Nn-X-hp-amb

am¿§-Z¿i-\-ßƒ \evIn ssZh-

⁄m\w kn≤n® Ahs‚ bYm¿

∞ Zmk-cmbn hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-I-bp-

≠m-bn.

Imcp-Wy-Øns‚Imcp-Wy-Øns‚Imcp-Wy-Øns‚Imcp-Wy-Øns‚Imcp-Wy-Øns‚

\nd-IpSw\nd-IpSw\nd-IpSw\nd-IpSw\nd-IpSw

kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSv \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®n-cp∂ klm-\p-

`q-Xnbpw Imcp-Wyhpw \ncp-]-a-am-

bn -cp -∂p. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v

t£ahpw \∑bpw hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-

\v, kzPo-h≥ t]mepw ka¿∏n-®p-

sIm-≠p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

Ahn-S∂v apgp-In. P\-ß-fpsS

ZpxJ-ßfpw thZ-\-Ifpw kz¥w

(tijw 24˛¬)(tijw 24˛¬)(tijw 24˛¬)(tijw 24˛¬)(tijw 24˛¬)

149

18


hmhmhmhmhmkvXhØn¬ \mw ImWp∂ F√msa√mw \iz-

c-am-Wv. AXmbXv, AXn_rlØpw Bgap≈Xpw

hnkvXrXhpamb Cu {]]©hpw AXn¬ Zriyhpw

AZriyhpambn \nesIm≈p∂ Kl\hpw

Kwòchpamb AJneNcmNcßfpw £W`wKpc

amWv. Xo¿Øpw Aÿncamb \ΩpsS Zp≥bmhn¬

a‰v k¿Δhn[ krjvSnPmeßsfbpw At]£n®v

ss[jWnIXbpsSbpw D¬IrjvSkhntijX

bpsSbpw {]XoIambn ]Sbv°s∏ńcn°p∂h\m

Wt√m a\pjy≥. F∂m¬, B kap∂Xamb

krjvSnbpsS PohnXImemh[nbmsW¶ntem?, AXv

XnI®pw {lkzImehpw.

Hcp Xp—amb Imebfhv Cu PKØn\p≈n¬

sNehnSp∂ XcØn¬ {]IrXmhÿbn¬

a\pjymbp v HSp-ßp-∂XmWv. Fgp]Ønc≠mbncw

\mUnRc ºpIfpw amwkhpw a÷bpw c‡hpw

55 iXam\w Im¿_Wpw 23 iXam\w HmIvknP\pw

14 iXam\w ss\{SP\pw 7 iXam\w ssl{UP\pw

Hcp iXam\w K‘Ihpw Ccpºpw s]m´mkyhpw

tkmUnbhpsa√mw IqSnt®cp∂ AkwkvIrX

]Zm¿∞ßfm¬ kzcq]nX\mbncn°p∂ a\pjy≥,

Xs‚ P\\w XpSßn ssiihw _meyw Iuamcw

buΔ\w hm¿≤Iyw F∂o ]cnh¿Ø\hrØw

]q¿Øn-bm°n ac-W-Øn\v Iog-S-tß-≠-h-\m-Wv. B

coXn-bn-emWv Ahs‚ ico-c-L-S-\.

{]kvXpX \n_‘\bv°v hnt[b\mbn h¿

Øn°msX acWsØ AXnPohn°phmt\m, Nnc

Ime PohnXw sIń∏Sp°phmt\m `qXeØnem

hn¿`hn® Hcp a\pjy\pw Atijw \n¿Δml

acWhpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpw

Bknw AlvaZv Ifnbn°mhnfBknw AlvaZv Ifnbn°mhnfBknw AlvaZv Ifnbn°mhnfBknw AlvaZv Ifnbn°mhnfBknw AlvaZv Ifnbn°mhnf

ans√∂Xv A\ntj[yamsbmcp a\ptjym¬∏

ØnbpsS kamcwÌmew XpSßn Ct∂mfw Hcp

XcØnep≈ hyXn{Iaßƒ°pw e£yamImsX,

imizXambn Ncn°p∂ {]IrXn \nbaØns‚

KK\hpw \njvThpamb hkvXpXbpamWXv.

F∂menhnsS kzm`mhnIambpw \sΩ Xń

bpW¿Øp∂ auenIamb hnjbamIs´ acWm

\¥cw a\pjys\¥p kw`hn°p∂p F∂XmWv.

bYm¿∞Øn¬ acWw a\pjymkvXnXzØns‚

A¥naXeamtWm? AtXm tZlhntbmKm\¥cw

Ah\v as‰mcp PohnXsØ A`napJnIcnt°≠

Xpt≠m ?

]ucmWnI˛B[p\nI P\XIfn¬ knwl`mK

tØbpw ASnapSnbnf°nadn®Xpw A\hcXw

Ahsc Nn¥m\na·cm°nbXpw Hcn°¬ As√¶n¬

thsdmcn°¬ Bi¶bpsS AKm[K¿Øßfnte

°hsc sIms≠Øn®Xpamb Hcp kPoh {]tl

fnI IqSnbmWv ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xw.

imkv{X temIØns‚ \n wKXimkv{X temIØns‚ \n wKXimkv{X temIØns‚ \n wKXimkv{X temIØns‚ \n wKXimkv{X temIØns‚ \n wKX

acWm¥c kaky°v HcpØcw bp‡n-]-c-amb

imkv{XtemIØn\v Ct∂mfw \¬Iphm≥ Ign

™nń√. hnZqc mhnbnse¶nepw AXn\v Ignbpsa∂v

acWm\¥c PohnXw tIhew hy¿∞hpw km¶

ev]nIhpamsW∂p≈ B AhImihmZØn\p

t]mZv_eIambn C°q´¿ ka¿∏n°p∂ B[m

cßfmIs´, XnI®pw AkzoImcyhpw A]q¿Æhpw

bp‡nXo≠mØXpamWv.

efnXambn ]d-™m¬ icocØnep≈ k¿Δ

ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ {]tl-fnI A\m-h-cWw s]tl-fnI A\m-h-cWw s]tl-fnI A\m-h-cWw s]tl-fnI A\m-h-cWw s]tl-fnI A\m-h-cWw sNøm≥ imkv{XsØNøm≥ imkv{XsØNøm≥ imkv{XsØNøm≥ imkv{XsØNøm≥ imkv{XsØ

sIm≠m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ aX-ß-fmWv hy‡X \¬IsIm≠m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ aX-ß-fmWv hy‡X \¬IsIm≠m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ aX-ß-fmWv hy‡X \¬IsIm≠m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ aX-ß-fmWv hy‡X \¬IsIm≠m-hn-√. A°m-cy-Øn¬ aX-ß-fmWv hy‡X \¬Ip-∂-Xv.p-∂-Xv.p-∂-Xv.p-∂-Xv.p-∂-Xv.

150

19


tImißfnepw Du¿÷w Dev]mZn∏n°s∏Sp∂p.

HmIvknP\pambp≈ Cu cmk{]h¿Ø\w \S

°p∂Xv icocØnse c‡Nw{IaWhpw izmtkm

—zmkhpw apJm¥nchpamWv. izmtkm—zmkhpw

c‡Nw{IaWhpw \ne®v icocw \n¿PohamIp

tºmƒ bmsXm∂pw ]pdtØ°v t]mIp∂n√.

\n¿PohtZlw ]p\¿Pohn ∏n°s∏SpIbmsW¶n¬

t]mepw th¿s∏´pt]m sb∂p IcpXp∂ bmsXm∂pw

Xs∂ ]p\¿{]thin°s∏Sp∂ns√∂pamWv ac-Wm-

\-¥-c-Po-hnsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

am{Xa√, \mUnhyqlØns‚ Hcp sshZypX˛

cmk{]h¿Ø\w am{XamWv a\ v. \mUo-hyq-l-{]-

h¿Ø\w \ne-°p-∂-tXmsS t_m[-a-\ pw \ne°p-

∂p. bmsXm∂pw ]n∂oSv AXn-Po-hn-°p-∂n√ F∂mWv

]c-temI \ntj-[n-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. izmtkm—zmk

Øns‚ hncmaw PohnXØns‚bpw a\ ns‚bpw

Ahkm\amWv. icocØn¬ \n∂v thdn´p {]h¿

Øn°phm≥ Ignbp∂ H∂√ Bflmhv. icoc

Øns‚ ]Zm¿∞\ncXamb Hcp KpWw am{XamWXv.

icocØns‚ \mitØmsS Bflmhpw \in°p

IbmWv sNøpI. Npcp-°-Øn¬ acWm\¥c

PohnXsa∂Xv XnI®pw A¿∞clnXhpw ASn

ÿm\an√mØXpamb hnizmkw F∂XmWv \ntj-

[n-I-fpsS hmZ-K-Xn-bpsS kw£n-]vXw.

D]cyp‡ AhImihmZw `mKnIambn a\p

jys‚ acWwhscsbØn \n¬°p∂ Hcp ssPh

imkv{X bmYm¿∞yamsW∂Xv t\cmWv. F∂m

enhnsS DØcamcmtb≠ {]iv\w, a\pjy≥

acWhnt[b\mtWm A√tbm ? F∂X√, adn®v,

acWm\¥cah\v C\nbpsamcp PohnXapt≠m

C√tbm F∂XmWv. Cu {]_ehpw hy‡hpamb

tNmZyØn\v bp‡nklhpw {]mamWnIhpw kzo

ImcytbmKyhpamb DØcw \¬Ip∂Xn\p ]Icw

a\pjys‚ acWw hscbp≈, kp]cnNnX amb Hcp

Pohimkv{X XØzsØ Nq≠n°mWn®v AXn\∏p

dØp≈ kaky°pØcw Is≠Ønsb∂p C°q´¿

`mhn°pIbpw ]ckys∏SpØpIbpw sNøp∂Xn\p

]n∂nse BibZmcn{Zyw hfsc hy‡amWv.

AXmbXv, U¬ln e£yam°n s{Sbn\n¬

Ibdn, CSs°hnsStbm Cdßn CXv U¬lnbs√∂v

]d™v ]cntZh\w \SØp∂ lX_p≤nbmb

Hcphs‚ timN\obmhÿbn¬ \n∂p hyXykvX

a√ CØcw hniZoIcWßƒ.

{]Xy£amb Nne DZmlcWßfneqsS

]tcm£amb hkvXpXsb Af∂p Xn´s∏SpØp∂

XØzka¿∞\ coXn Fßs\bmWv ]q¿Æ-ambpw

imkv{XobamhpI?

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ imkv{Xw AXns‚ ]cn-an-Xn-

Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. imkv{Xw `uXn-

Im-kvXn-Xz-ap≈ hkvXp-°-fpsS A\p-`-h-⁄m-\-]-

c-amb ]T-\-am-Wv. AXn-\-∏pdw D◊bpw AkvXn-Xz-

hp-ap≈ bmYm¿∞y-ß-fp-≠v. ]t©-{μn-b-ß-fp-tSbpw

imkv{X-Øns‚ D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-tSbpw ]cn-anXn aqew

A{]m-]y-amb uXnI hkvXp-°ƒ Xs∂ Ds≠-∂n-

cns° kq£va-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®v hn[n-]-d-bm≥

]q¿Æ-ambpw imkv{XsØ Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂Xv

bp‡n-k-l-a-√. ac-Whpw ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-Xhpw

AØcw hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv.

Znhyshfn]mSpw, ktμihmlIcpwZnhyshfn]mSpw, ktμihmlIcpwZnhyshfn]mSpw, ktμihmlIcpwZnhyshfn]mSpw, ktμihmlIcpwZnhyshfn]mSpw, ktμihmlIcpw

Znhyshfn]mSpIfmWv; k¿Δ ssZhnIaXß

fpsSbpw {]`hÿm\w. ChnsS B[p\nI

XØzimkv{Xßƒt°m uXnIhn⁄m\ßƒ t°m

IS-∂p-sN-√m≥ taemØ \nKqVhpw k¶o¿ Æhp

amb taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂mWv Znhyshfn]mSpIƒ {]h-

ln-°p-∂-Xv. a\pjy krjvSnbpsS Bhn¿`mhw

XpSßn ]cm{XnI PohnX bmYm¿∞yw hscbp≈

Kl\hpw KuchXchpamb {]iv\ßfpsS ad \o°n

icnbmb Nn{Xw shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eqsS ka¿∏n-°-s∏-

´n- p-≠v.

cqVhpw kv]jvShpamb shfn]mSpIfpambn

XpSscØpSsc ktμihmlI≥amcnhnsS h∂p

t]mbn´p≠v. AhcpsS hnip≤ km∂n[yw k¿Δ

tZißfnepw hnhn[kapZmbßfnepw Bgambn

kv]¿in®n´p≠v. kmchØpw kwip≤hpamb Ah-

cpsS A≤ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-tØ

bpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-tØbpw Ipdn®v Ahn{iaw

P\XIsf DZvt_m[n°m≥ F°meØpw {ian

®n´p≠v. B ]hn{X ZuXy \n¿ΔlWØn\v Imehpw

Ncn{Xhpw aXnhcpthmfw km£nbpamWv.

kPoh am¿§hpw hmKvZØkPoh am¿§hpw hmKvZØkPoh am¿§hpw hmKvZØkPoh am¿§hpw hmKvZØkPoh am¿§hpw hmKvZØ

temIc£I\pwtemIc£I\pwtemIc£I\pwtemIc£I\pwtemIc£I\pw

A¥y\mƒhsc ssZhnI kwc£Wheb

Øn¬ Ncn°p∂Xpw am\hh¿§Øns‚ ap‡n

151

20


°mbn `qXeØnen∂htijn°p∂Xpamb GI

kPoh am¿§amWv Ckvemw. B Zo\p¬ Ckvem

ans‚ ]p\cp≤mcWm¿∞w C°meL´Øn¬

AhXcn® hmKvZØ temIc£I\mWv lZvdØv

an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A).

aXhnizmknIfS°w _lp`qcn]£w P\X

Isfbpw Aeńs°m≠ncp∂ acWm\¥c Zpcql

XbpsS Xnc»oesb, hnip≤ Jp¿˛Bs‚ {]Imi

Øm¬ B almflmhv A\m—mZ\am°pIbpw

Adnthm A£c⁄m\tam Xo≠mØh¿°p

t]mepw Dƒs°m≈phm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w acWm

\¥cPohnXbmYm¿∞ysØ Xo¿Øpw bp‡n

`{Zhpw Xr]vXnIchpamb \nebn¬ AhnS∂v

hy‡am°pIbp≠mbn.

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A) ]dbp∂p

""acWm\¥c ÿnXn tIhew \hyamb Hc

hÿb√; AXv bYm¿∞Øn¬ sFlnI PohnX

Ønse \ΩpsS Bflob ÿnXnbpsS kw]q¿Æhpw

kwkv^pShpamb {]Xnê\ amIp∂p. ClØn¬

a\pjys‚ aXhnizmkßfpsSbpw I¿ΩßfpsS

bpw ip`mip`ÿnXnIƒ Ah\n¬ tKm]yambncn

°pIbpw AhbpsS KpWIctam tZmjIctam Bb

kzm[o\êw Ah\n¬ \nKpVambn {]h¿Øn

°pIbpw sNøp∂p. ]ctemIØmIs´. AXp

Isf√mw {]Xy£tKmNcambncn°p∂XmWv. CXn

te°v kz]v\mhÿbn¬ \ap°v ZrjvSm¥w ImWmw.

a\pjys‚ tZlIpdpIfn¬ bmsXm∂p aq¿®n°p

∂pthm AXn\\pkcn®p≈ imcocnI ÿnXn Ah\v

kz]v\Øn¬ shfns∏Smdp≠v. ITn\amb ]\n

_m[n°m≥ t]m Iptºmƒ A·ntbm A·nPzme

tbm ZriyamImw. I^Pzctam PetZmjtam D≠m

Iptºmƒ X∂Øm≥ sh≈ØneIs∏ńcn°p∂

Xmbn ImWmhp∂XmWv. Npcp°Øn¬, GXpXcw

tcmKØn\p≈ am‰w tZly{]IrXnbn¬ D≠mbn

hcp∂pthm AXn\\pkcn® ÿnXn D] amcpt]W

kz]v\Øn¬ ImWpamdmIp∂p. C{] Imcw B`y¥c

ÿnXnsb {]Xy£Øn¬ ImWn®p Xcp∂ Cu

kz]v\mhÿsb°pdn®v Nn¥n®m¬, GXm≠v CtX

XcØnep≈ AhÿbmWv ]mc {XnI PohnXØn¬

shfns∏SpI F∂p a\ nem°p hm≥ {]bmkan√.

kz]v\w \Ωn¬ {]tXyIXc Ønep≈ Hcp am‰w

hcpØn Xo¿ØpsIm≠v B¥cnIamb Bflÿn

XnIsf PUcq]Øn¬ ImWn®p Xcp∂p. A{]Imcw

sFlnI PohnX Ønse \ΩpsS Bflob Ahÿ

]ctemIØv {]Xy£tKmNcambncn°p∂XmWv.

AXmbXv, \ΩpsS I¿Ωßfpw I¿Ωêßfpw

ChnsS kmImcw {]Xy£s∏Sp∂Xmbncn°pw.

Cßs\ Cu temIØv ]tcm£ambn ÿnXn sN

bvXncp∂ \ΩpsS Bflob kºmZyßsf√mw

adptemIØv \ap°v {]Xy£kn≤ambncn°p∂

XmWv.'' (Ckvemw aX XØz⁄m\w)

sFlnI PohnØns‚ XpS¿®sbt∂mWw

as‰mcp PohnXØnte°p≈ a\pjys‚ kzm`mhnI

amb ]cn-WmaamWv ]am¿∞Øn¬ acWw AXn¬

Akm[mcWambnt´Xpan√. Hcmƒ acW s∏´p

F∂XpsIm≠v Xmev]cyamt°≠XpXs∂ ÿpe

icocsØ h¿÷n®v kq£va DSepambn thsdmcp

PohnXØn\mcw`w Ipdn®p F∂mWv. AXmIs´,

tIhew ]pXpab¿ln°mØXpw Ign™p IS∂

PohnX{IaßfpsS {]Xn—mbbpamWv. AXmbXv,

a\pjys‚ \√tXm XnbtXm BIp∂ CutemI

{]h¿Ø\]cnthjØns‚ B¥cnI kzm[o\

êØm¬ DfhmIp∂ Hcp PohnX XpS¿® am{X

amWXv.

kz]v\-ßƒkz]v\-ßƒkz]v\-ßƒkz]v\-ßƒkz]v\-ßƒ

A_q-k-CuZv (d)-bn¬ \n∂p \nth-Z\w

Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Cß-s\-b-cp-fn: "\nß-fn¬

h√-h\pw Xm\n-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Xc-Øn-ep-

s≈mcp kz]v\w I≠ps-h-∂n-cn-°-s´. Xo¿®-

bmbpw AXv A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂p-≈-Xm-

Wv. AXns‚ t]cn¬ Ah≥ A√mlphns\

kvXpXn-°p-Ibpw AXn-s\-Ip-dn®v a‰p-≈-h-

tcmSv ]d-bp-Ibpw sNø-s´. h√-h\pw Xm≥

shdp-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep-s≈mcp kz]v\w

I≠p F¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw AXv ]nim-

Nn¬ \n∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXv aqe-ap-≠m-tb-°m-

hp∂ \mi-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ah≥ A√m-lp-

hn-¶¬ A`bw tXSp-Ibpw a‰m-tcmSpw AXn-

s\°p-dn®v ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.

Aßs\ sNøp-∂-]£w B kz]v\w

ImcWw Ah\v bmsXmcp tZmjhpw kw -

hn°pI-bn-√. (_p-Jm-cn) (_p-Jm-cn) (_p-Jm-cn) (_p-Jm-cn) (_p-Jm-cn)

152

21


PPPPPamAsØ Ckveman ]fin-X-

∑m¿, FgpXn hn´ {]kvXm-h-\-

Ifpw Btcm-]-W-ßfpw kXy-am-

sW-¶n¬ sXfnhp ka¿∏n-°p-

hm≥ Ign™ e°-Øn¬ Bh-

iy-s∏- n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ {]t_m-[-

\-hpw, am[y-ahpw CXv hsc {]Xn-

I-cn-®n-ń-√. Ifhv ]d-bpI F∂

Ip‰w am{X-a√ "Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman' sNbvXp-sIm-≠ncn-°p-∂-Xv.

a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ta¬ ASn-ÿm-\-c-

ln-X-amb Btcm-]-W-ßƒ D∂-bn-

°pI F∂ AXn-{Iq-c-amb {]h¿

Ø-\hpw Ah¿ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Ah¿ ]d-™-

Xv Ah¿°v Xs∂ hn\-bm-bn-cn-°p-

∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿ Ipgn® Ipgn-

bn¬ Ah¿ Xs∂ hoWn-cn-°p-∂p-

sh-∂p-amWv \ap°v a\- n-em-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. 22-˛2-˛2010˛se

am[y-a-Øn¬ kn. ZmhqZv FgpXn:

""Xßƒ Xo{h-hm-Zn-kw-L-S-\-b√

F∂v Znt\\ kXy-hm-Mv aqew

ka¿∏n-t°≠ KXn-tI-Sn-te°v

Xo{h-hm-Zhpw òI-c-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ AsX√mwXo{h-hm-Zhpw òI-c-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ AsX√mwXo{h-hm-Zhpw òI-c-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ AsX√mwXo{h-hm-Zhpw òI-c-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ AsX√mwXo{h-hm-Zhpw òI-c-hm-Zhpw {]N-cn-°p-tºmƒ AsX√mw

Xß-fpsS kmbp[ PnlmZo kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kzm[o\wXß-fpsS kmbp[ PnlmZo kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kzm[o\wXß-fpsS kmbp[ PnlmZo kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kzm[o\wXß-fpsS kmbp[ PnlmZo kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kzm[o\wXß-fpsS kmbp[ PnlmZo kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w

sIm≠m-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®n-cp∂ Pam-AsØ CkvemansIm≠m-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®n-cp∂ Pam-AsØ CkvemansIm≠m-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®n-cp∂ Pam-AsØ CkvemansIm≠m-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®n-cp∂ Pam-AsØ CkvemansIm≠m-sW∂v A`n-am-\n-®n-cp∂ Pam-AsØ Ckveman

kzbw Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kzbw Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kzbw Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kzbw Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kzbw Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ hogp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow]n.-F. apl-ΩZv keow

sImSp-ß-√q¿sImSp-ß-√q¿sImSp-ß-√q¿sImSp-ß-√q¿sImSp-ß-√q¿

ap_m-l-e-bpsS ZrjvSm¥w "{]t_m-[-\'-Øn-\p≈ adp-]Sn-˛10ap_m-l-e-bpsS ZrjvSm¥w "{]t_m-[-\'-Øn-\p≈ adp-]Sn-˛10ap_m-l-e-bpsS ZrjvSm¥w "{]t_m-[-\'-Øn-\p≈ adp-]Sn-˛10ap_m-l-e-bpsS ZrjvSm¥w "{]t_m-[-\'-Øn-\p≈ adp-]Sn-˛10ap_m-l-e-bpsS ZrjvSm¥w "{]t_m-[-\'-Øn-\p≈ adp-]Sn-˛10

kz¥w Ikz¥w Ikz¥w Ikz¥w Ikz¥w Ipgn -bn¬ hoWpgn -bn¬ hoWpgn -bn¬ hoWpgn -bn¬ hoWpgn -bn¬ hoW"Pam-AsØ Ckvema"Pam-AsØ Ckvema"Pam-AsØ Ckvema"Pam-AsØ Ckvema"Pam-AsØ Ckveman 'n 'n 'n 'n '

apkvenw kwL-S-\-Iƒ FØn-°-

gn-™p.''

F∂m¬, apkvenw eoKv Xo{h-

hmZn kwL-S-\-bm-sW∂v tIc-f-°-

c-bn¬ CXv hscbpw Bcpw

Btcm-]n-®-Xmbn tIƒ°m≥ Ign-

™n-ń-√. tIc-f-Ønse a‰v apkv

enw kwL-S-\-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Xo{h-

hmZn kwL-S-\-I-sf∂v Bcpw

Btcm-]n-®n- n-√. Xo{h-hmZn kwL-

S-\-I-fmbn tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ Btcm-

]-W-hn-t[-b-amb apkvenw kwL-

S\ PamAsØ Ckvemanbpw

AXns‚ Bi-b-ßƒ sh®v ]pe¿

Øp∂ a‰n-Xc kwL-S-\-I-fp-am-Wv.

Cu Imcy-Øn¬ B¿°pw A`n-{]m-

b-hy-Xym-k-an-√. F∂v am{X-a-√,

8˛4- 2010- ¬ tImgn-t°mSv Su¨lm-

fn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® aXw, aX-cm-jv{So-

bw, Pam-AsØ Ckveman F∂

t]cn¬ \S∂ N¿®-bn¬ kn. Zm

hqZv F∂ PamAsØ Ckveman-

bpsS B[n-Im-cnI h‡mhv

hfsc hy‡-amb \ne-bn¬ CXv

AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv,

A¥m-cmjv{S km{am-PyXz KqVm-

tem-N-\-bpsS ê-ambn hfsc

Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn JmZn-bm-\n-I-fpw,

Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿∂v F√m

apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-fpw, atX-c-Xc

i‡n-I-fpsS h‡m-°fpw Pam-

AsØ Ckvemansb Xo{h-hmZn

kwL-S-\-bmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

At∏mƒ Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman Xo{h-hmZn kwL-S-\-bm-

sW∂v as‰-√m-hcpw H‰-s°-´mbn

Btcm-]n-°p-∂p≠v F∂v Pam-

AsØ Ckveman AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂p. AXv sIm≠p-Xs∂ ""Rßƒ

Xo{h-hmZn kwL-S-\-b√'' F∂

kXy-hm-Mvaqew ka¿∏nt°≠

KXn-tISpw Ah¿°v Xs∂-bmWv

D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xß-fpsS ta¬

F¥p-sIm≠v Cßs\ H‰-s°-

´mbn Xo{h-hm-Z-ap{Z Nm¿Øp∂p?

F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-

hmsX H‰-izm-k-Øn¬ km{am-Py-

153

22


Xz-sØbpw, AlvaZnøm apkvenwI-

sfbpw a‰v apkvenw kwL-S-\-I-

sf-bpw, atX-X-c-hm-Zn-I-sfbpw Ip‰-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-s´¥v Imcyw? ]d-bp-

∂-Xn¬ h√ Igºpw Dt≠m F∂v

]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hpI.

"Pam-AsØ Ckveman' Xo{h-hmZ

{]ÿm-\-a-s√∂v ÿm]n-°m≥

C∂v GsX-¶nepw Pbn-en¬ Hcp

PamAsØ Ckveman-°m-c\pw

C√; F∂ sXfn-hmWv kn. ZmhqZv

Ah¿Iƒ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

CXn\p ]pdsa, Xßƒ Xo{h-hm-

Zn-I-f-s√∂v ÿm]n-°m≥, ""Pam-

AsØ Ckvemansb ASp-Ø-dn-

bpI'' F∂ kXy-hmMv aqe- ]-{X-

hp-ambn Ct∏mƒ {]h¿Ø-I¿

hoSp-ho-Sm-¥cw Ibdn Cd-ßp-I-bm-

Wv. t\mó-knse G‰p-]-d-®n¬

{it≤-b-am-Wv.

""\nb-am-\p-kr-Xhpw kam-[m-

\-]-c-hp-amb am¿§-ßƒ am{Xta

GXv Imcy-Ønepw Pam-AØv

kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≈q. \mń¬ Ak-

am-[m-\hpw Ipg-∏hpw D≠m-Ip∂

bmsXmcp {]h¿Øn-bnepw Pam-

AØv CS-s]-Sp-Itbm kl-I-cn-

°p-Itbm C√.''

˛ t\mókv

""Pam-AsØ Ckvemansb

ASp-Ø-dn-bpI''

60 h¿jw ]n∂n´ Ch¿°v

Ct∏mƒ F¥p-sIm≠v P\-a-[y-

Øn¬ Cßs\ ]d-tb≠n h∂p?

{]kvXpX Btcm-]-W-ßƒ t\cn-

tS≠n h∂p F∂Xv Xs∂ Imc

Ww. Btcm-]-W-ß-fpsS bmYm¿

∞yw a\- n-em-°n, sX‰m-sW-¶n¬

Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Btcm-]-

W-ap-∂-bn-°p-∂-hsc Ifhv ]d

™pw NoØ-]-d™pw kXysØ

aqSn-sh-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂ kwkv

Imcw GXm-bmepw Ckveman-I-a-√.

kn. ZmhqZv FgpXn: ""JmZn-bm-

\n-k-Øns‚ km{am-Py-Xz-_-‘-

ßfpw \nKq-V-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw shfn-

®Øv sIm≠p-h-∂-Xn-\m¬ Pam-

AsØ Ckveman-tbmSv Ah¿°v

AS-ßmØ i{Xp-X--bp≠v'' AXv

Xo¿°m-\p≈ Ah-k-c -ambn

Ah¿ ]pXnb Xo{h-hm-Z-hn-cp-≤-

t]m-cm-´sØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-

Wv.'' am[yaw 22-˛2-˛2010

8˛4-˛2010-˛¬ Su¨lm-fn¬

kwL-Sn-∏n® apJm-apJw ]cn-]m-Sn-

bnepw Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS

Xe-ap-Xn¿∂ t\Xm-°-fmb Sn.-sI.

A_vZp√m kmln-_n-s‚-bpw, H.

A_vZp-dlvam≥ kmln-_n-s‚bpw

km∂n-≤y-Øn¬, kn. ZmhqZv F∂

tkmfn-Um-cn‰n {]h¿Ø-I≥,

AlvaZnøm PamAØn-s\-Xnsc

bmsXmcp sXfnhpw ka¿∏n-°m

sX hna¿i-\-Øn\vth≠n am{X-

amWv Xs‚ {]kw-K-Øns‚ A[n-

I-k-a-bhpw sNe-h-gn-®-Xv. CXn¬

\n∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv, Pam-A

sØ Ckveman-bpsS "Xo{h-hm-Z-

apJw' tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ shfn-s∏- Xv

AlvaZnøm PamAØn-eq-sS-bmWv

F∂m-Wv. CXv kn. Zmhq-Zns‚ 22/

2˛se am[y-a-Ønse teJ-\-Øn¬

\n∂v hy‡-am-Wt√m?

F∂m¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-

Øn\pw AXnse AwK-ßƒ°pw

temIØv BtcmSpw Hcp shdp ∏pw

C√.

AXns‚ {]Jym-]\w Xs∂

""F√m-h-tcmSpw kvt\lw shdp∏v

Btcm-Sp-an√'' F∂-Xm-Wv. 1889- ¬

A√m-lp-hn-\m¬ A¬P-am-A-Øm-

Ip∂ "AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam

AØv' ÿm]n-X-am-Ip-tºmƒ, qap-

JØv auZq-Znbpw Pam-AsØ Ckv

emanbpw C√.

1941- ¬ PamAsØ Ckveman

apf-°p-tºmƒ AlvaZn-ø-Øm-

Ip∂ h≥hr-£w temI-Øn\v

ê-ßƒ \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. A√mlp "\´' \mƒ

apX¬ Cu hr£-Øn\v hf¿®-b-

√msX Xf¿® t\cn-ń-ń√. lpIq-

asØ Cem-ln-bpw, CJm-a-Øp-

±o\pw hen-s®-dn™v' Xo{h-hmZn

Ipgn-bn¬ hoWv Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman \ne-\n¬]n-\mbn \mSp-\osf

kXy-hm-Mvaqe ]{X-hp-ambn Ae-

bp-tºmƒ, 195 cmPy-ß-fn¬ Aao-

dp¬ apAvan\os‚ Iogn¬ AlvaZn-

øØv hnP-b-Øn-te°v IpXn-®p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bmYm¿

∞yw CXmbn-cn-s°, temI Alv

aZn-ø-Øns‚ apºn¬ Pam-AsØ

Ckveman°pw auZq-Zn°pw Hcp

{]k-‡nbpw C√ Xs∂.!

\mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ Ncn-{X-

Øn¬, sXfn-hp-I-fn-√msX Alv

aZn-øØv CXv hsc BcpsS taepw

Hcm-tcm-]-Whpw D∂-bn-®n-ń-√.

AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂-bmWv Rß-

sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Btcm-]-W-ßƒ

°pw Rßƒ sXfnhv tNmZn-°p-

∂-Xv. CXv Jp¿-B-\nI A[ym-]-\-

am-Wv. kn. ZmhqZv ]t£, Pam-

AsØ Ckveman-bpsS Xs∂

]gb _p°p-Ifpw a‰pw hmbn-°m

Ø, Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS

]gb Ncn-{X-a-dn-bmØ, ]pXnb Xe-

ap-d-bnse Hcp ka-c-bp-hmhv am

{Xw. AXv Fgp-Øn¬ \n∂pw {]

kw-K-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw.

P: ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p-∂pw,

P. sI. Sn. lpssk-\pw, A_vZp-

dlvam≥ s]cn-ßm-Sn-bpw, kn.

ZmhqZpw Pam-AsØ Ckveman-

bpsS tIc-f-°-c-bnse Aao-dmb

P. Sn. Bcn-ên kmln_pw apgp-

154

23


h\pw Pam-AsØ Ckveman AwK-

ßfpw Adn-bp-hm≥;

PÃnkv IrjvW-ø-¿, sI.-]n.

cma-\p-Æn, kn.-B¿. \oe-I-WvT≥

F∂o am\y-hy-‡n-Isfs°m≠v

Pam-AsØ Ckveman "Xo{h-hm-Zn'-

I-f-s√∂v k¿´n- n-°-‰n¬ A‰kv‰v

sNøn-∏n-®m-sem∂pw \nß-fpsS

taep≈ Btcm-]Ww \o°-s∏-Sp-

I-bn-√. \nßƒ hoWn-cn-°p∂

Ipgn, \nßƒ Xs∂ Ipgn-®-Xm-

sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw a\- n-em-

°pI.

"Xo{h-hmZw' F∂ hm°v tIc-

f-°-c-bn¬ N¿® sNøm≥ XpS-ßn-

bn v A[n-I-\m-fp-I-fm-bn- n-√. ]{X-

am-[y-a-ß-fpw, t]meokv Un∏m¿ v

sa‚p-sa√mw CXv N¿® sNøp-∂-

Xn\p apºv, Pam-AsØ Ckveman

Xs∂-bmWv A`n-am -\-]q¿Δw

Xs∂ "Xo{h-hmZw' F∂ hm°v

tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ FØn-®-Xv. Imc

Ww kmbp[ PnlmZv Pam-AsØ

Ckveman-bpsS `cWw ]nSn-s®-Sp-

°¬ ]cn-]m-S-n-bpsS Ahn- m-Py-L-

S-I-am-Wv. Pam-AsØ Ckveman-

bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ Xs∂ \ap°v

]cn-tim-[n-°mw. ]cn-tim-[-\°v

Xøm-sd-¶n¬; PamAsØ Ckvem

an Ct∏m-gsØ Akn. Aao-dmb

ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v FUn-

‰-dmbn 1992-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®

"{]t_m-[\w Pam-AsØ Ckvem

an AºXmw hm¿jn-I-]-Xn∏v' Iøn-

se-Sp-°pI. t]Pv 145-˛¬ Pam-

AsØ Ckveman-bpsS tIcf

]fin-X≥ Fgp-Xp-∂p.

""Xmgvhc-bn¬ Xo{h-hmZn {]Xo{h-hmZn {]Xo{h-hmZn {]Xo{h-hmZn {]Xo{h-hmZn {]

h¿Ø\wh¿Ø\wh¿Ø\wh¿Ø\wh¿Ø\w i‡n-s∏- -Xn\v tijw

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS kzmPam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS kzmPam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS kzmPam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS kzmPam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS kzm

[o\w[o\w[o\w[o\w[o\w h¿[n-®n- p-≈-Xmbn ]d-b-s∏-

Sp-∂p. Xmgvhc-bnse G‰hpw i‡-G‰hpw i‡-G‰hpw i‡-G‰hpw i‡-G‰hpw i‡-

amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-I-fn-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-I-fn-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-I-fn-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-I-fn-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-I-fn-sem-

∂mb lnkv_p¬ apPm-ln-Zo≥,

Pam-AsØ Ckveman A\p-IqePam-AsØ Ckveman A\p-IqePam-AsØ Ckveman A\p-IqePam-AsØ Ckveman A\p-IqePam-AsØ Ckveman A\p-Iqe

{Kq∏m-Wv.{Kq∏m-Wv.{Kq∏m-Wv.{Kq∏m-Wv.{Kq∏m-Wv. CXn\v ]pd-sa, A√mlv

ssStKgvkv F∂ Hcp kwL-Øn

\pw Pam-AØv cq]w \¬In-bn-Pam-AØv cq]w \¬In-bn-Pam-AØv cq]w \¬In-bn-Pam-AØv cq]w \¬In-bn-Pam-AØv cq]w \¬In-bn-

´p-≠v.'´p-≠v.'´p-≠v.'´p-≠v.'´p-≠v.''''''

XpS-cp∂p: ""hnhn[ Xo{h-hmXo{h-hmXo{h-hmXo{h-hmXo{h-hm

Zn {Kq∏p-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Zn {Kq∏p-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Zn {Kq∏p-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Zn {Kq∏p-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-Zn {Kq∏p-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xnepw Pam-A-Øns‚ ]¶v {][m-Xnepw Pam-A-Øns‚ ]¶v {][m-Xnepw Pam-A-Øns‚ ]¶v {][m-Xnepw Pam-A-Øns‚ ]¶v {][m-Xnepw Pam-A-Øns‚ ]¶v {][m-

\ -am -Wv .\ -am -Wv .\ -am -Wv .\ -am -Wv .\ -am -Wv . ho≠pw Fgp-Xp∂p:

""ssk\nI taJ-e-bn¬ hnhn[hnhn[hnhn[hnhn[hnhn[

kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-Iƒ tN¿∂v cq]w

\¬Inb "apØ-lnZ PnlmZv'

Iu¨kn-ens‚ sNb¿am≥sNb¿am≥sNb¿am≥sNb¿am≥sNb¿am≥ Aen

apl-ΩZv Umdpw Pam-AsØ CkvPam-AsØ CkvPam-AsØ CkvPam-AsØ CkvPam-AsØ Ckv

eman-bpsS t\Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-eman-bpsS t\Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-eman-bpsS t\Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-eman-bpsS t\Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-eman-bpsS t\Xm-°-fn-sem-cm-

fs{X!'fs{X!'fs{X!'fs{X!'fs{X!''''''

"Imivao¿ Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman'bpsS hnh-c-W-Øn-emWv

tIcf Pam-AsØ Ckveman

]fin-X≥ A`n-am-\-]q¿Δw Fgp-

Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

* Pam-AsØ Ckveman -

bpsS kzm[o\w h¿[n-®-Xv, Xo{h-

hmZn {]h¿Ø\w i‡n-s∏-´-

t∏mƒ!

* Xmgvhc-bnse G‰hpw

i‡-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏v ˛

lnkv_p¬ apPm-ln-Zo≥ Pam-

AsØ Ckveman A\p-Iqe {Kq∏v!

* Pam-AsØ Ckveman

cq]w sImSpØ as‰mcp Xo{h-hmZn

{Kq∏v "A√mlv ssStKgvkv'!

* Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏p-Isf

Hcp-an-∏n-°p∂ {][m\ Nme-I-

i‡n Pam-AsØ Ckveman.!

* C≥Uy≥ ssk\n-I¿s°-

Xn-cmbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Xo{h-hm

Zn kmbp-[-{Kq-∏p-I-fpsS Iu¨kn-

ens‚ sNb¿am≥ ˛ PamAsØ

Ckveman t\Xmhv!

1992- ¬ tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ "Xo{h-

hmZ' hnjbw NqSv ]nSn-®n-cp-∂n√;

A∂v A`n-am-\-]q¿Δw Xs∂ Xß-

fpsS "Hfn-b-P≠' ]pdØv hn -Xm-

Wv.

"Pam -AsØ Ckvema n '"Pam -AsØ Ckvema n '"Pam -AsØ Ckvema n '"Pam -AsØ Ckvema n '"Pam -AsØ Ckvema n '

Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-sf∂vXo{h-hm-Zn-I-sf∂vXo{h-hm-Zn-I-sf∂vXo{h-hm-Zn-I-sf∂vXo{h-hm-Zn-I-sf∂v Pam-AsØ

Ckv eman 18 h¿jw apºv A`n-am-

\-]q¿Δw Fgp-Xn-sh-®-Xm-Wv. \n

ßƒ Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ \nßƒ

Xs∂ hoWp. AXn\v "]mhw

km{am-Py-Xz-sØbpw' JmZn-bm-\n-I-

sf-bpw, ke- n-I-sfbpw, apPm-ln-

Zp-I-sf-bpw, kp∂n-I-sf-bpw, eoKn-

s\bpw ]gn Nmcn-bn-s´¥v Imcyw?

\nßƒ Fgp-Xnb {KŸ-ßƒ

Hcm-h¿Øn hmbn-°p-I. ]cn-tim-

[n-°p-I. kn. Zmhq-Zns\ t]mep≈

sNdp-∏-°m¿ {]tXy-In®pw \nß-

fpsS {KŸ-ßƒ Xs∂ ]Tn-®-Xn\v

tijw {]kw-Kn-°p-I. hmb-bn¬

tXm∂n-bXv hnfn®v ]d-bp-∂Xpw

Fgp-Xp-∂Xpw am\y-∑m¿°v tN¿

∂-X-√.

"AXv Imivao¿ Pam-AsØ

Ckveman-bm-Wv, C≥Uy≥ Pam-

AsØ Ckveman-bp-ambn AXn\v

bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-s√∂v' ]d

™v emL-h-tØmsS ssII-gp-

Im≥ tIc-f-°-c-bnse Pam-AsØ

Ckveman-°m¿°v Ign-bptam?

Hcp _‘-hp-an-s√-¶n¬, tIc-

f-°-c-bnse {]t_m-[-\-Øn¬,

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS 50- mw

hm¿jn-I-]-Xn-∏n¬, Imivao-cnse

"Xo{h-hmZ Pam-AsØ Ckvem

an'bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ A`n-am-

\-]q¿Δw F¥n\v tN¿Øp?

Imivao¿ C≥Uy-bpsS mK-a-

s√-∂mtWm \nßƒ hniz-kn-°p-

∂Xv? BsW-¶n¬ F¥v sIm≠v

C≥Uy≥ Pam-AsØ Ckveman-

bn¬ Imivao¿ Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√.? \nßƒ°v

155

24


kzm[o-\hpw Ignhpw D≈n-SØv

\nßƒ Bbp[w Iøn-te¥n `c-

W-Iq-S-Øn-s\-Xnsc Xncn-™p.

CXp-ambn Rßƒ°v Hcp _‘-

hp-an-s√∂v ]d™v \nßƒ°v Hgn-

™p-am-dm≥ Ign-bptam? "Pam-

AsØ Ckveman' Fhn-sS-bp

t≠m AXns‚ t]cpw, thcpw

H∂m-sW∂v \nßƒ Xs∂ Xpd-

∂p- ]-d™-Xt√?

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS

50-˛mw hm¿jnI ]Xn-∏n¬, ]{Xm-

[n-]-cmb ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p-

∂v, XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ "c≠v"c≠v"c≠v"c≠v"c≠v

hm°v'hm°v'hm°v'hm°v'hm°v' F∂-Xn¬ ]d-bp∂p:

""Pam-AsØ Ckveman tIc-

f-Øn-tem, C≥Uy-bn-tem, ]cn-an-X-

amb Hcp {]ÿm-\-a-√. C≥Uym

D]-`q-J-fi-Øn¬ Xs∂ CtX

t]cpw thcp-ap≈ 6 kwL-S-\-I-

fp-≠v.'' 6 kwL-S-\-I-fp-tSbpw

t]cpw thcpw H∂m-sW∂v ssiJv

apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v (P-am-AsØ

Ckveman tIc-f-bpsS Akn:

Aao¿) Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Htc

t]cpw, thcp-ap≈ 6 kwL-S-\-I-

fn-sem-∂mb Imivao¿ Pam-AsØ

Ckveman, C≥Uy≥ ssk\y-Øn-

s\-Xnsc kmbp-[-t]m-cm´w \S-Øn-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, G‰hpw

i‡-amb Xo{h-hmZn {Kq∏v Pam-

AsØ Ckveman-bpsS \nb-{¥-W-

Øn -em -sW∂pw tIcf Pam -

AsØ Ckveman Xs∂ Xpd-∂p

kΩ-Xn-®n-cn-s°, AtX t]cpw,

thcp-ap≈ tIc-f-°-c-bnse "Pam-

AsØ Ckvemanbpw' Ignhpw

kzm[o-\hpw e`n-®m¬ Bbp[w

Iøn-te¥n c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s\-Xnsc

Xncn-bp-sa∂v Bsc-¶nepw Nn¥n-

®m¬ AXv sX‰mIn-√t√m! As√-

¶n¬, 18 h¿jw apºv Fgp-Xn-bXv

sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v P\-a-[y-Øn¬

Xpd∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-I. \nßƒ

Fgp-Xnb Xo{h-hmZ hmN-I-ßƒ

]n≥h-en-°m-Øn-S-tØmfw Imew

Ct∏mƒ \nßƒ t\cn- p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂ ssk≤m-¥n-I-hpw, {]mtbm-

Kn-I-hp-amb {]Xn-k‘n XpS-cpI

Xs∂ sNøpw. s\-‰n¬ \n∂pw

t]Pv am‰n-bXv sIm≠m-bn-√. Fgp-

Xn-bXv sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]ªn-

°n¬ {]Jym-]n-°p-I. Npcp-ßn-b-

]-£w, \nco-iz-c-hm-Zn-I-fmb I\p-

k-kym-en-t‚-bpw, sI. thWp-hn-

t‚bpw amXrI ]n≥]-‰p-I. kmbp-

[-hn-πhw sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v P\-

a-[y-Øn¬ Ah¿ Xpd∂v {]Jym-

]n®v amXrI Im´n. hoWn-SØv

InS∂v Dcp -fmsX Fgp -t∂‰v

AXn\v Xøm-dm-hp-I. 1992- ¬ Xo{h-

hmZw Fgp-Xn-sh-°p-tºmƒ Ncn

{Xw Chn-tS-s°-Øp-sa∂v Pam-

AsØ Ckveman Icp-Xn-bn-√.

Ipgn® Ipgn-bn¬ Ah¿ Xs∂

hoWp. (Xp-S-cpw)

ZpxJ-ßfpw thZ-\-I-fp-ambn am‰p-

Ibpw Ah-cpsS mc-ßƒ kzbw

hln°p-Ibpw sNbvXp \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n. al-Ømb Xs‚ ZuXy-

]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-∂n-S-bn¬, P\-

ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ D]-{Z-h-ßfpw

]oU-\-ßfpw Ahn-S∂v kln-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂ \ntj-[n®

h¿°p-≠m-Im≥ t]mIp∂ \mi

sØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ ap∂-dnhv e n-

®-t∏mƒ Ahsc B \mi-Øn¬

\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ cm∏-I-en-√msX

At±lw hym]r-X-\mbn. hn. Jp¿-

B≥ ]d-bp-I-bm-Wv. "Ah¿ Cu

ktμ-i-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Ø-

]£w Ah¿ tlXp-hmbn ZpxJw

\nanØw \o \ns‚ Pohs\ \in

∏nt®-°ptam?' (8:17) ka-kr-jvSn-

I-tfmSv kvt\lhpw klm-\p-`q-

Xnbpw AXn-P-bn-®p-\n¬°p-∂-

hn[w XnI®pw \njvIm-a-I¿Ω-\n-

c-X-\m-bn-s°m-≠mWv \_n(-k)

Xs‚ ZuXy-]q¿Øo-I-cWw \n¿Δ-

ln-®-Xv. lZvdØv apl-ΩZv apkvX^

(k)-bpsS al-\ob KpW-ß-sf- w-

_-‘n®v hmKvZØ alvZo-a-kolv

(A) \evInb hnh-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v

Hcp mKw ChnsS Ipdn-°p∂p:

""ssZh-Øns‚ {]tXyI

Ir]m-I-Sm-£-Øm¬ \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n°v t{ijvT-amb kIe

[m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ßfpw kzPo-hn-X-

Øn¬ {]Xn- -en-∏n-®p-Im-Wn-°p-hm-

\p≈ ku`mKyw kn≤n-®n-´p-≠v.

Cßs\ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ GSp-I-fn-

seßpw ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-

hn -[-Øn-ep≈ \nkvXp-eamb

HuZm-cyw, [otcm-Zm-Ø-X, kl-\w,

£a, \oXn-\njvT apX-emb KpW-

ß-sf√mw Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Pohn-X-

Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw sXfn-™p-Im-

Wmw. Ai-‡n-bp-sSbpw i‡n-{]-

`m-h-Øn-s‚bpw Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-s‚

bpw sFiz-cy-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-

ÿm-¥-c-ß-fn-se√mw Xm≥ D¬Ir-

jvS-amb [m¿Ωn-I-Kp-W-ß-fp-

sSbpw at\m-[¿Ω-ß-fp-sSbpw \nd-

∏m-{X-am-sW∂v \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta\n temI-Øn\v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-

Øn- p-≠v. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS mkp-c-

Po-hn-X-Øn¬ {]Xn- -en-®p-Im-Wm-

Ø-Xmbn temI-Øn¬ Hcp am\p-

j-]q¿Æ-Xbpw aln-X-Kp-Whpw

Cs√∂v Xs∂ ]d-bmw.'' (Ckvemw

aX-X-Øz-⁄m-\w)


156

25


A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿A_vZp-dlvam≥, sImSn-b-Øq¿

{_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ]cm-Z-ß-fmbn hf¿∂ \ZvhØp¬ apPm-ln-Zo-{_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ]cm-Z-ß-fmbn hf¿∂ \ZvhØp¬ apPm-ln-Zo-{_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ]cm-Z-ß-fmbn hf¿∂ \ZvhØp¬ apPm-ln-Zo-{_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ]cm-Z-ß-fmbn hf¿∂ \ZvhØp¬ apPm-ln-Zo-{_nójv `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ]cm-Z-ß-fmbn hf¿∂ \ZvhØp¬ apPm-ln-Zo-

\pw, ss\km-ans‚ apkvenw cmPy-Øp-\n∂p {_nó-jn-¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-\pw, ss\km-ans‚ apkvenw cmPy-Øp-\n∂p {_nó-jn-¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-\pw, ss\km-ans‚ apkvenw cmPy-Øp-\n∂p {_nó-jn-¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-\pw, ss\km-ans‚ apkvenw cmPy-Øp-\n∂p {_nó-jn-¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-\pw, ss\km-ans‚ apkvenw cmPy-Øp-\n∂p {_nó-jn-¥y-bn-te°v amdn-Øm-

a-kn®v kzX{¥ C¥ysb A]-e-]n® auem\m auZq-Zn°pw {_nójv `c-W-a-kn®v kzX{¥ C¥ysb A]-e-]n® auem\m auZq-Zn°pw {_nójv `c-W-a-kn®v kzX{¥ C¥ysb A]-e-]n® auem\m auZq-Zn°pw {_nójv `c-W-a-kn®v kzX{¥ C¥ysb A]-e-]n® auem\m auZq-Zn°pw {_nójv `c-W-a-kn®v kzX{¥ C¥ysb A]-e-]n® auem\m auZq-Zn°pw {_nójv `c-W-

Iq-S-Øns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ Bthmfw A\p-`-hn® kp∂n-Iƒ°pw AlvIq-S-Øns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ Bthmfw A\p-`-hn® kp∂n-Iƒ°pw AlvIq-S-Øns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ Bthmfw A\p-`-hn® kp∂n-Iƒ°pw AlvIq-S-Øns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ Bthmfw A\p-`-hn® kp∂n-Iƒ°pw AlvIq-S-Øns‚ B\p-Iq-ey-ßƒ Bthmfw A\p-`-hn® kp∂n-Iƒ°pw Alv

aZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc {_nójv _m‘hw Btcm-]n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bpt≠m?aZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc {_nójv _m‘hw Btcm-]n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bpt≠m?aZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc {_nójv _m‘hw Btcm-]n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bpt≠m?aZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc {_nójv _m‘hw Btcm-]n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bpt≠m?aZn-Iƒs°-Xnsc {_nójv _m‘hw Btcm-]n-°m≥ A¿l-X-bpt≠m?

Bcm-Wv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?Bcm-Wv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?Bcm-Wv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?Bcm-Wv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?Bcm-Wv {_nójv sshXm-fn-I¿?

hmhmhmhmhmKvZØ alvZn˛a-kolv l: an¿km Kpemw Alv

aZn(A)--\pw, AlvaZnø apkvenw Pam-A-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-

cn¬ AWn-\n-c-∂n- p≈ apkvenw kwL-S-\-Ifpw Ah-

cpsS t\Xm-°-fpw, {]am-W-]-c-am-bpw, _p≤n-]-c-ambpw

AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns‚ hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßsf FXn-

cn-Sp-hm≥ km[y-a-s√∂v a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠v,

If-hn-t‚-bpw, hymPm-tcm-]-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Bbp-[-

amWv D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. AXp aptJ\ \njvI-f-

¶-cmb apkvenw _lp-P-\-ßsf kXy-P-am-AØn¬

\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m-sa-∂mWv C°q-´¿ Icp-Xp-∂-Xv.

Ch-cpsS Hcp {][m\ Bt£]w l: Alv aZpw,

AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØpw {_nójv krjvSn-

bm-sW-∂-Xm-Wv. (\-Du-Zp-_n-√m-lv). 100 h¿j-ambn Pam-

AØv adp-]Sn \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ {]kvXpX

Bt£]w \n¿e÷w D∂-bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-

cn¬ apº-∑m¿ Ifhv ]d-b¬ Nne kμ¿`-ß-fn¬

hmPn_v (\n¿_-‘w) BsW∂v Pev]n-®n-´p≈

A_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wv.

At±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""kXy-k-‘-Xbpw B¿ ÷-

hhpw Ckvemans‚ AXn-{]-[m-\-ß-fmb XXz-ß-f-n¬

s]´-h-bm-Wv. AXns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ifhv G‰hpw

\oN-amb Xn∑-bm-sW-¶nepw {]mtbm-Kn-I-Po-hn-X-

Ønse Nne Ah-iy-L- -ß-fn¬ Ifhv ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v

A\p-a-X-nbp-s≠∂v am{X-a√ Nne kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬

AXv \n¿_‘w IqSn-bm-sW∂v t]mepw Xvh sNø-

s∏- -cn-°p-∂p.'' (X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥ 1958 tabv)

A√m-lp-hns‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw Ah-cpsS

Pam-A-Øn-\pw, FXn-cn¬ AWn-\n-c-°p∂ kXy-\n-

tj-[n-Iƒ If-hn-t‚-bpw, ]cn-lm-k-Øn-t‚bpw Bbp

[w D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠mWv XßfpsS {]h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. A√m-lp-hns‚ {]hm-

N-∑m¿s°-Xn-cn¬ t{Zml-Ir-Xy-ßƒ sNbvXv A√m-lp-

hns‚ im]Øn-\n-c-bm-b-Xmbn hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

]cm-a¿in® Hcp P\-hn- m-K-amWv blqZ P\X DØ-

a-k-aq-l-sa∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ hnti-jn-∏n® apkv

enw DΩØv Hcp Imew hcp-tºmƒ blqZ kZr-iy-

cmbn hn-°p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘-n®v {]h-Nn-°-s∏- n-cn-

°p∂p. C-ß-s\-bp≈ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Cuk-_v\p-

a¿b-an\v kZr-iy-\mbn Ah-X-cn-°p∂ Hcp alm-flm-

hns\ kw_-‘n®pw {]h-Nn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. hnip≤

Jp¿-B-\n-epw, \_n-h-N-\-ß-fnepw {]h-Nn-°-s∏- -X-

\p-k-cn®v {]kvXpX {]h-N-\-ßsf km£m¬I-cn-®p-

sIm-≠v, BK-X-cmb l: an¿km Kpemw AlvaZn (A)-

-\pw, At±-l-Øns‚ Pam-A-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-cn¬, blqZ

]ptcm-ln-X-∑msc ]n≥]-‰n-s°m-≠v, Nne apkvenw

]fin-X-∑m¿ hymPm-tcm-]-W-ß-fpsS ic-ßƒ

FbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. 120 h¿j-ambn adp-]Sn

\¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ {]kvXpX Btcm-]-W-ßƒ

Ah¿ \n¿e÷w Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pIbmWv.

G‰hpw ck-I-c-amb hkvXpX Cu kwL-S\

]c-kv]cw D∂-bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ {][m\ Bt£

]w {]Xn-tbm-Kn-Iƒ {_nójv krjvSn-bpw, tkh-I-

157

26


cp-am-sW-∂-Xm-Wv. apP-m-lnZv {]ÿm\w {_nójv

krjvSn-bm-sW∂v ka¿∞n®v sIm≠v kp∂n-Iƒ

""""""{]ikvX {_nó-jv Nmc≥ apkvenw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬'"{]ikvX {_nó-jv Nmc≥ apkvenw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬'"{]ikvX {_nó-jv Nmc≥ apkvenw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬'"{]ikvX {_nó-jv Nmc≥ apkvenw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬'"{]ikvX {_nó-jv Nmc≥ apkvenw cmjv{S-ß-fn¬''''''

F∂ t]cn¬ ]pkvX-I-cq-]-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-

≠v. (D-kvam≥ \nkman, I°mSv sFUn-b¬ _pIvkv,

tImgn-t°m-Sv) {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn¬ {_nó-jp-Im-

cpsS Xmev]-cy-{]-Imcw hlm-_n-Iƒ CkvemanI

temI-Øn\v hcp-Ønb sISp-Xn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-

≠v. apPm-ln-Zp-Iƒ tIc-f-Ønse ka-kvX-°msc

kw_-‘n®v ]d-bp-∂Xpw {_nójv ]mZ-tk-h-bpsS

Ncn-{X-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. aS-hq¿ apPm-ln-Zp-I-fpsS

i_m_v ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI: ""a‡n Xßsf

{_nójv A\p-Iqen F∂v ]cn-l-kn-®-h-cpsS amXr-

kw-L-S\ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn Xs∂ Jnem- Øv hncp-

≤cpw {_nójv A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw Bcm-[-I-cp-am-bn-

cp∂p F∂v Ah-cpsS ktΩ-f-\-{]-ta-b-ßƒ hmbn-

®m¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ sI.-sI. aplΩXv

A_vZp¬ Icow Ah t{ImUo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. ka-kvX-

bpsS 6˛mw hm¿jn-I-k-tΩ-f-\-Ønse 12- mw {]tabw

CXn\v sXfn-hm-Wv. AXns‚ apJy Bi-bw. ""km[p-

°fpw \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fp-amb apkvenwIsf tIm¨{K-

kp-Im¿ Jnem-^Øv F∂ t]cn¬ I£n- h-g-°p-I-

fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. c-W-I¿Øm-°sf FXn¿°

epw A\m-Z-chv sNøepw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a√'' F∂m-

Wv. (i-_m_v 2010 P\p-hcn 15) XpS¿∂v ka-kvX-

°m¿ tIm¨{K-kn-\pw, Jnem- Øv {]t£m- -Øn-\p-

sa-Xn-cn¬ Cd-ßn-bn- p≈ XvhI-fpw, kzX-{¥-k-a-c-

tk-\m\n apl-ΩZv A_vZp¿dlv-am≥ km-ln-_n-s\-Xn-

cn¬ Ip^v¿ ^Xvh \¬Inb Imcyhpw hnh-cn-°p-

∂p-≠v.

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpw, A_p¬ AAvem

auZq-Znbpw ""an¿km Kpemw AlvaZn-t\-°mƒ ISpØ

{_nójv klm-bn-I-fmsW''∂mWv kpssl¿ Np¶-

Ødsbt]m-ep≈ apPm-lnZv t\Xm-°ƒ sXfnhpIƒ

\ncØn ka¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ""aX-cm-jv{S-

hmZw hna¿i-n-°-s∏-Sp∂p'' F∂ t]cn¬ apPm-ln-Zp-

Iƒ Cu ASp-Ø-Im-eØv \S-Ønb kwhm-Z-ß-fnse

apJy-hn-jbw auZq-Zn-bpsS {_nójv _m‘-h-am-bn-

cp-∂p. (kn-Un-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v)

Cß-s\-bp≈ kwL-S-\-I-fmWv ]≠v \ºq-Xncn

"\mw Xn∂p-∂Xv \mw ]d-bp∂p; \o Xn∂p-∂Xv \o

]dbq' F∂v ]d-™-Xp-t]mse AlvaZnbm Pam-A-

Øn-s\-Xn-cn¬ "{_nójv krjvSn!!' "{_nójv krjvSn!!'

F∂v hnfn®v Iqhn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bń≥tXm-e-

Wn™v \n¬°p∂ Pam-A-sØ Ckvemansb tIc-

f-Ønse s]mXp-k-aqlw Xncn-®-dn™p XpS-ßn-b-

Xns‚ Cu¿jyw AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-\pw, X¬

ÿm-]-I¿°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ Xo¿°p-hm≥ Xp\n-™n-d-ßn-

bn-cn-°p-I-bmWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman. am[yaw ]{X-

Øn-eq-sSbpw {]t_m-[\w hmcn-I-bn-eq-sSbpw AX-

h¿ XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Cud-Xo¿°-

emWv Ah-cpsS hmcn-I-bnse adp-]-Sn-°m-cs‚ ]cm-

{I-a-ßƒ (2009 Un-kw. 26).

Cu teJ-I≥ kXy-Zq-X≥ amkn-I-bn¬ (2009

HIvtSm-_¿, \h-º¿) l: AlvaZv (A) Ckvemanse

Pnlm-Zns‚ bmYm¿∞yw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Fgp-

Xn-bn-´p≈ Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n-®pw, Pnlm-Zns\

sX‰mb \ne-bn¬ a\- n-em°n Iem-]-Øn-\n-d-ßn,

\mi-Øn¬ ]Xn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ apkvenw ktlm-

Z-c-∑m-tcmSv Ahn-S∂v \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ lrZ-b-kv]r-

°mb A`y¿∞-\-bpw, Xm°o-Xp-Ifpw Ah-K-Wn®v

Pnlm-Zn\v ]pd-s∏´ apkvenw P\X A\p-`-hn-°p∂

Xocm-Zp-cn-X-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw B alm-flmhns‚

Xs∂ h-N-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°p∂

teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Nne mK-ßƒ FSpØv tNmZyw

D∂-bn® hmb-\-°m-c\v \¬Inb adp-]-Sn-bn-emWv Cu

{_nójv ]pcmWw Bh¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.

""..... km{am-Py-Xz-hn-cp-≤-cmb apkvenw kaq-l

sØ Bg-Øn¬ ]nf¿°m≥ {_nó-jp-Im¿ Kpemw

AlvaZns\ {]hm-N-I-th-j-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cbmƒ ]ns∂ Pnlm-Zns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-

I-b-√msX AXns\ ]n¥m-ßptam km{am-Py-Xz-]m-

Z-tkh aX-Øns‚ ta¬hn-em-k-Øn¬ A\p-bm-bn-

Ifpw XpS-cp-∂p. e≠-\mWv JmZn-bm\n Jeo- -bpsS

Bÿm-\w. Ckvemans‚ i{Xp-°ƒ \¬Ip∂ h≥

[\-k-lm-b-tØmsS temIsØßpw apkvenwk-aq-l-

Øn¬ Bi-b-°p-g-∏hpw ]nf¿∏pw krjvSn-°p-I-

bmWv Jeo^ Gs‰-SpØ ZuXyw. A-X-t±lw ]c-am-

h[n kXy-k-‘-ambn \nd-th-‰p-∂p.'' Cßs\ t]m

Ip∂p IpSn-e-a-\-kvI-\mb auZqZn injys‚ Pev]-

\-ßƒ.

"C-Øncn _ey' Xe-t®m-dns‚ DS-a-bpw, tIcf

auZq-Zn-I-fpsS {]Xn-tcm-[-\n-c-bnse "Xn¶v Sm¶v' F∂p

hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ Snbm≥ km{am-Py-Xz-i-‡n-Iƒ

apkvenw temIØv IS∂v Ib-dm≥ {]tbm-Kn® X{¥-

ßsf kw_-‘n®pw Ah-cpsS aX-]-c-amb ]›m-Ø-

158

27


esØ kw_-‘n®pw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

CØcw hnUvVnØw sIń Fgp-∂-≈n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-

√. Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ P\-ß-sf√mw

Abm-fpsS ]n∂mse HmSn-°q-Sp-sa∂v \ncq-]n-°m≥

am{Xw hnUvVn-I-fm-tWm, Xß-fpsS X{¥-ß-fn-eqsS

temI-Øns‚ knwl- m-Khpw Im¬Io-gn¬ sIm≠p-

h∂ {_nójv knwlm-k-\m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. {]hm-N-I-

∑m¿ q-ap-J-Ø-h-X-cn®t∏mƒ kaq-l-Ønse arKob

`qcn-]-£hpw Ahsc X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bmWv sNbvX-

sX∂v ss__n-fn¬ \n∂pw Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\-

n-em-°n-b-h-ct√ {_nó-jp-Im¿ Ah¿ km£m¬

ssZhw Xs∂-bmbn IcpXp∂ tbip qap-J-Ø-h-X-

cn-®-t∏mƒ C{km-Cu¬ P\w H∂-S¶w X≈n-°-f™

Ncn{Xw Ah-cpsS apºnen-t√. t\ml-bp-sS-bpw, eqØn-

t‚-bpw, A{_-lm-an-t‚bpw F√mw A\p- hw a\- n-

em-°n-b-h-ct√ Ah¿. apkvenw temI-Øns‚ sFIy-

Øn-t‚bpw i‡n-bp-sSbpw {]Xo-I-am-bn-cp∂ Dkvam-

\nbm Jnem- -Øn-s\-Xn-cn¬, Ad-_nse "kønZ' amsc-

bpw, e£-°-W-°n\v ssk\n-I-scbpw Xß-fpsS

]£w-tN¿°m≥ km[n® X{¥-im-en-I-fmb {_nójv

tImbva; apkvenw `c-W-°q-S-ß-sf-sb√mw Iui-e-

]q¿Δw Iog-S-°nb `c-W-hn-jm-c-Z-∑m¿, Xß-fpsS

Xmev]-cy-kw-c-£-W-Øn\v th≠n _mly-ho-£W

Øn¬ \n m-c\pw P\-ß-fn¬ arKob `qcn-]£w

FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp a\p-jys\ cwK-Øn-d-

°m≥ am{Xw t]mb-Ø-°m-cmtWm? C\n {]kvXpX

hy‡n h∂v sIm≠v sNbvXn- p-≈Xv F¥m-bn-cp-∂p.

"Ipcn-ins‚ kwc-£-I¿' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂

{_nójv c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ {Xntb-I-Xz- hn-izm-k-Øn-

\pw, tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-hn-izm-k-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-

cmb t]mcm- -am-bn-cp-∂nt√ l: Alv aZv (A) Xs‚

30 h¿j-°m-esØ sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb {]h¿Ø-\-

Im-e-L- -Øn¬ \n¿h-ln-®n- p-≈-Xv. {_nó-jp-Im-cpsS

{InkvXp-a-X-X-Xz-Øn\v hncp-≤-ambn tbip Ipcn-in¬

\n∂v acn-°msX c£-s∏- p-sh-∂pw, C{km-Cu¬ Ipe-

Ønse NnX-d-s∏´ 10 tKm{X-ßsf At\z-jn®v Ing-

t°m v k©-cn®v Ah-km\w C¥y-bn¬ Iivao-cn¬,

{io\-K-dn¬ sh®v 120- mw hb- n¬ ac-W-a-S™ tbip-

hns‚ I√d Jm≥bm≥ sXcp-hn¬ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p-

sh∂pw {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {_nójv knwlm-

k-\-Øns‚ A[n-]-bm-bn-cp∂p hnIvtSm-dnbm alm-

dm-Wnsb kwt_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm≠v ""\nß-fpsS

ssZh-anXm acn-®v, aÆ-S-n™n-cn-°p∂p; At±-l-

Øns‚ J_-dnXm ChnsS Iivao-cn¬ ÿnXn-sN-

øp∂p'' F∂v D¬tLm-jn® l: AlvaZn-s\- {_nó-

jp-Im¿ \_n-bmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n®p F∂v ]d-™m¬

auZqZnk-Øns‚ _p≤n-amμyw kw`-hn-®h¿s°

hnizm-kn-°m-\m-hq.

]n∂oSv At±lw sNbvXXv F¥m-bn-cp-∂p. n∂n-

∏n®v cn-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m {_nójv X{¥w.

AXn\v C¥y-bnse {]_e kap-Zm-b-ß-fm-bn-cp∂

apkvenwI-sf-bpw, lnμp-°-sfbpw n∂n-∏n-°p-hm≥

Ah¿ {ian-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ AlvaZnøm

{]ÿ-m\ ÿm]-I¿ sNbvXXv F¥m-bn-cp-∂p. apkv

enwI-fp-sSbpw lnμp-°-fp-sSbpw CS-bn¬ imizX

ssa{Xn-°p≈ ssk≤m-¥nI ASn-Ød Xs∂ Ahn-

S∂v Dd-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ ]mT-

ß-fp-sS-bpw, Xncp-\_n hN-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw, X\n°v

A√m-lp-hn¬ \n∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´ ⁄m\-Øn-

s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ lnμp-°ƒ BZ-cn-°p∂

{ioIr-jvW-\pw, {iocm-a-\p-sa-√mw, \_n Xncp-ta-\nsb

t]mse Xs∂ A√mlphns‚ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cmbncp

∂p-sh-∂pw, AXp-t]mse C¥y-bnse Kpcp-°-∑m-cpsS

{KŸ-ß-fn¬ \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(k)sb kw_-‘n®v

{]h-Nn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ahn-S∂p Nq≠n-°m-

Wn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ lnμp-°fpw

apkvenwIfpw HcΩ s]‰ a°-sf-t∏mse kvt\l-

Øn¬ Ign-tb-≠-h-cm-sW∂v Ahn-S∂v D¬t_m-[n-∏n-

®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ ac-W-Øn\v Znh-k-ßƒ°v

apºv At±lw sNbvXXv C¥ybnse lnμp- -apkvenw

t\Xm-°sf _‘-s∏´v emtlm-dn¬ Hcp ssa{Xo-k-

tΩ-f\w hnfn-®p-Iq-´p-I-bpw, AhnsS hmbn-®-h-X-cn-

∏n-°p-hm≥ "ssa{Xo-k-tμiw' F∂ t]cn¬ F∂

D]-\ymkw cNn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øn¬

{]kn-≤o-I-cn® {]kvXpX D]-\ymkw hmbn-°p∂

GsXm-cmƒ°pw lnμp- -apkvenw ssa{Xnbv°v th≠n

At±lw apt∂m´v sh® XXz-ß-fpsS ta∑ t_m[y-

am-hpw. i¶¿Zmkv anlvd-sb-t∏m-ep≈ C¥y-bnse \nc-

h[n tZiob t\Xm-°ƒ B alm-flm-hns‚ {ia-

ßsf «mLn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {]kvXpX {KŸ-Øn¬

(1908) C¥y-bpsS cmjv{Sob kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v th≠n

apkvenweoKpw, tIm¨{Kkpw tbmPn®v {]h¿Øn-

t°≠ Bh-iy-IX Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p-ap≠v.

kn°p-Im-cpsS 80 h¿jsØ Zp¿`-c-W-Øn¬

\n∂p≈ tamN-\-ambncp∂p {_nójv `c-W-Øns‚

hc-thmsS ]©m-_nse apkvenwIƒ°v e`n-®n-cp-∂Xv.

kn°p-Im-cpsS c-W-Øn¬ _m¶v hnfn-°p-hm-\p≈

159

28


kzmX{¥yw t]mepw e -n®n-cp-∂n-√. F{Xtbm apkvenw

Iƒ kn°p-Im-cpsS sIme-°-Øn-°n-c-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

tKmlXy \SØn F∂-Xns‚ t]cn¬ t]mepw

apkvenwIƒ \njvTq-c-ambn h[n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p.

A_p¬ lk≥ Aen \Zvhn Xs‚ "JmZn-bm-\nkw'

F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬t]mepw C°mcyw hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw kn°p-Im-cpsS Zp¿ -c-WsØ

kw_-‘n®v hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. bY-m¿∞-Øn¬ tdm-

h-am-cpsS Ime-L- -Ønse _\q-C-{km-Cu¬ImcpsS

Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cp∂p kn°p c-W-Øn¬ ]©m-_nse

apkvenwIƒ A\p- -hn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. {_nó-jp-Im¿ kn°p-

Imsc ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØn `cWw ÿm]n-®-tXmsS

kIe aX-ÿ¿°pw \oXn e`n-°p-Ibpw apkvenw

Iƒ°v kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ ip≤-hmbp izkn-°p-hm≥

Ign-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. {_nó-jp-Im-cs‚ ssZhw acn-

®p-t]mbn F∂v {]Jym-]n-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw

IqSn {_nójv c-W-Øn¬ e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-sb-∂Xv

Hcp kXy-a-t√. Cu Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv apgp-

h≥ apkvenw kwL-S-\-Ifpw t\Xm-°fpw {_nó-jp-

Imsc kvXpXn-®-Xp-t]mse l: AlvaZv (A) Ahsc

kvXpXn-°p-I-bp-≠m-b-Xv. CXv XnI®pw Ckveman-I-

amb Hcp acym-Z-bmWv F∂-XmWv kXyw. hnizm-k- -

{]-h¿Ø-\- -{]-N-c-W-kzm-X{¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ Hcp

`c-W-Iq-SsØ A\p-k-cn-°-epw, Ah¿s°-Xn-cn¬

Iem]w \S-Øm-Xn-cn-°pI F∂-Xpw, Ckvemans‚

hy‡mb ]mT-am-Wv. `qap-JØv h∂ GsX-¶n-ep-

samcp {]hm-N-I-t\m, A\p-bm-bn-Itfm CØ-c-Øn-

ep≈ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s\-Xn-cn¬ kacw \bn-®-Xmbn

sXfn-bn-°m≥ Pam-AsØ Ckveman-°m¿t°m Iq´m-

fn-Iƒt°m km[y-amtWm?

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-bpsS BNm-cy≥ A_p¬

AAvem au-ZqZn {_nójv c-W-Øn\v Iogn¬ ]©m-

_nse ]Tm≥tIm-´m-bn-cp-∂nt√ "Zmdp¬ Ckvemw'

F∂ t]cn¬ Xs‚ tI{μw ÿm]n-®n-cp-∂Xv apkv

enapw C¥y-°m-c-\p-ambncp∂ sslZ-cm-_mZv ss\km-

ans‚ c-W-Øn¬Io-gn-ep≈ Hudmw-Km-_mZv F∂ (C-

∂sØ alm-cm-jv{S-kw-ÿm-\w) kz¥w P∑-tZiw

hn v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v ssaep-Iƒ°-∏p-dØv {_nójv

`c-W-Øn¬ A`bw tXSn AhnSw Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-

tI-{μ-am°n Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-hm≥ auZq-Znsb t{]cn-

∏n-®Xv F¥m-bn-cp-∂p.

l: AlvaZv (A) Xs‚ P∑-tZiw Xs∂ {]h¿

Ø-\-tI-{μ-am-°n-b-t∏mƒ auZqZn P∑-tKlw hn´v

{_nójv c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ Xs‚ {]h¿Ø-\-tI{μw

sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ s]mcp-ƒ F¥m-bn-cp-∂p. sF.-

]n.-F-®v. {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Sn. apl-ΩZns‚ "A_p¬

AAve' F∂ Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂Xv: Xm¶ƒ

ASn-aØ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ \n∂v (ss\-km-ans‚ \mSv)

]pdØp IS∂v kzmX-{¥yamb Np‰p-]m-Sn-te°v ({_n-

ó-jp-Im¿ cn-°p∂ ]©m-_v) Xm¶-fpsS {]h¿Ø-

\-tI{μw am‰-W-sa∂v ]d-™p-sIm≠v A√mam

CIv_m¬ £Wn-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv auZqZn Xs‚

tI{μw ]©m-_n-te°v am‰n-b-sX-∂m-Wv. Cß-s\-

bp≈ auZq-Zn-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmWv alvZo˛a-kolv

(A)-ans\ {_nójv _‘w Btcm-]n®v A[n-t£-]n-

°p-∂-sX-∂Xv Cu \q‰m-≠nse G‰hpw henb hntcm-

[m- m-k-at√?

Alvse lZo-kp-Im-cpsS Zmdp¬ Deqw \Zv

hØp¬ Deqw ÿm]n-®Xv Xs∂ {_nó-jp-Im-cm-

sW∂v Ah¿ Xs∂ ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I. "A∂Zvh'

amknI Fgp-Xp∂p: ""1908 \hw-_¿ 28- \v Zmdp¬ Deqw

\Zv hØp¬ De-a-bpsS AkvXn-hmcw C´Xv se^v.

Kh¿W¿ k¿. tPm¨ Ãm´v lyq_v sI.-kn. Fkv.-

sF.-C. Bbncp∂p. Cu kp{]-kn≤ aX-]-T-\-tI{μw

Hcw-•o-jp-Im-cs‚ HuZm-cy-Øm¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-

XmWv'' (A-∂Zvh Unk. 1908) am{X-a√ Cu ÿm]-

\-Øn¬ \n∂v ]Tn-®n-d-ßp∂ De-am-°-fpsS {]Y-a-

I¿Øhyw {_nó-jp-Imsc kvXpXn-°-em-sW∂

Imcyw IqSn {]kvXpX ]{Xw Xs∂ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""\Zv

hØn\v cmjv{So-b-hp-ambn Hcp _‘hpw Cs√-¶nepw

D¬]-Xn-jvWp-°-fmb De-am-°sf hm¿sØ-Sp-°pI

F∂p-≈-XmWv AXns‚ ÿm]\ Dt±-iyw. CØcw

De-am-°-fpsS {][m\ I¿Øhyw Kh¨sa-≠ns‚

A\p-{K-lm-in- p-I-sf-Ip-dn®v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Cu

Kh¨sa-≠n-t\mSv hnizmkw sh®p-]p-e¿tØ-≠-

Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb P\-ßƒ°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNøpI F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv.' (A-∂Zvh 1908 Pqem-

bv)

Alvdmco t\Xm-hpw, AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øns‚

_≤-i-{Xphpw Pam-AsØ Ckveman-°m-cpsS kvt\

l- m-P-\-hp-amb auem\m k^¿ Aen-Jm≥ ]d-bp∂p:

""apkvenwIƒ Hcp \nan-j-t\-c-tØ°p IqSn Cu c-

W-Iq-S-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Zpcqlw sIm≈m≥ ]mSn-√.

`mKyw sI´ GsX-¶nepw Hcp apk¬am≥ Cu Kh¨

sa‚n-s\-Xnsc Xncn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah≥ Hcp


160

29


AAAAAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc Pam-

AsØ Ckveman Aao¿ ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v

D∂-bn® Btcm-]-W-ßƒ (am¿®v 12) kXy-Øn\p \nc-

°m-ØXpw Zpcp-t±-i-]-chpamWv. {_nó-jp-Im¿

Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ss{IkvX-h-cpsS ssZh--amb tbip

ac-W-s]-´p-sh∂v ss__n-fn-s‚bpw hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ hN-\-ß-fp-sSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ temI-tØmSv

{]Jym-]n-® hy‡n-bmWv AlvaZnbm apkvenw

PamAØns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZv (A). Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-{]-am-W-ßƒs°-

Xnsc {]Nm-cWw \S-Ønb hy‡nsb Fß-s\-bmWv

{_nó-jp-Im¿ Xs∂ {]hm-N-I-\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-

sX∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-®m¬ hmb-\-°m¿°v D]-Im-c-am-bn-

cn-°pw. am{X-a√ {InkvXob ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ hniz-kn-

°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ tbip BIm-iØv Pohn-®n-

cn-∏p-s≠-∂mWv PamAsØ Ckveman-°m¿ F∂

auZq-Zn-Ifpw hniz-kn®v hcp-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ Bcm-bn-

cn°pw {_nójv GP‚ v? hmb-\-°m¿ hne-bn-cp-Ø-

s´. {_nó-jp-Im¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ PnlmZv \n¿Ø-em-

°n-sb-∂-XmWv as‰m-cm-tcm-]-Ww. PnlmZv F∂m¬,

]cn-{iaw F∂m-W¿∞w. aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ahn-

izm-kn-Iƒs°-Xnsc hmtfm-ßp-I-b√ PnlmZv. Aß-

s\-bmWv AXns‚ A¿∞-sa∂v Ckvemans‚ sshcn-

Iƒ {]N-cn-∏n® Akw-_-‘-am-Wv. em CIvdml

^n±o≥ ˛ aX-Øn¬ _em¬°m-c-an√ ˛ F∂mWv

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ {]Jym-]-\w. am{X-a√ hmKvZØ

akolv (A) aX-bp-≤-ßƒ°v hncm-a-an-Sp-sa∂v apl-

ΩZv \_n(-k) {]h-Nn-®n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. ""A√m-lp-hn-

t\bpw Ahs‚ ZqX-t\bpw \nß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ c-

BcmWv {_nójv GP‚v?

_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v_n.-F. apl-ΩZv \Po-_v

Fd-Wm-IpfwFd-Wm-IpfwFd-Wm-IpfwFd-Wm-IpfwFd-Wm-Ipfw

Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\Xmhv ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v "ae-bmfw'Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\Xmhv ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v "ae-bmfw'Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\Xmhv ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v "ae-bmfw'Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\Xmhv ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v "ae-bmfw'Pam-AsØ Ckveman t\Xmhv ssiJv apl-ΩZv Imc-°p∂v "ae-bmfw'

hmcn-I-bn¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈hmcn-I-bn¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈hmcn-I-bn¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈hmcn-I-bn¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈hmcn-I-bn¬ AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn-s\-Xnsc \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-tØmSp≈

{]Xn-I-cWw. AtX hmcn-I-bn¬ (16 G{]n¬ 2010) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv{]Xn-I-cWw. AtX hmcn-I-bn¬ (16 G{]n¬ 2010) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv{]Xn-I-cWw. AtX hmcn-I-bn¬ (16 G{]n¬ 2010) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv{]Xn-I-cWw. AtX hmcn-I-bn¬ (16 G{]n¬ 2010) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv{]Xn-I-cWw. AtX hmcn-I-bn¬ (16 G{]n¬ 2010) {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv

Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw A\p-k-cn-°p-hn≥'' F∂Xv

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ Iev]-\-bm-Wv. AXv Hcm-t£-]-

ambn D∂-bn-®m¬ AlvaZnøm apkven ßƒ°v A]-

am-\-a-√. A`n-am-\-amWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv.

kmbp[ hnπ-h-amWv auZq-Zn-I-fpsS sse≥. P\m-

[n-]-Xy-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ {]Xn-tj[w Dt]-£n-®p-sIm≠v

`c-W-Iq-S-tØmSv t]mcmSn Fcn-™-S-ßnb Xan-gv]p-

en-I-fpsS ]mX-bn-te°v Xs∂-bmWv apkvenw bphm-

°sf auZq-Zn-Ifpw \bn-°p-∂-Xv. A{I-a-]-c-amb

{]h¿Ø-ß-fn-te¿s∏-SmsX [m¿ΩnI aqey-ß-fn¬

Du∂nb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS C¥y≥ kzmX-{¥y-

k-a-c-Øn\v ]cn-{i-an-®-h-cmWv AlvaZn-I-sf∂v Ncn-

{X-]p-kvXIw t\sc sNmtΔ ]nSn®v hmbn-®m¬

t_m[y-am-Ipw. AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØnse

AwKhpw hniz-{]-kn≤ Jp¿-B≥ `mjy-Im-c\pw

temI tImSXn PUvPnbpw sFIy-cmjv{S Akwªn

{]kn-U‚p-am-bn-cp∂ k¿ k^-dp√m Jm≥ C¥y≥

kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]s¶-SpØ

hy‡n-bm-Wv. Hcp Iem-]-Ønepw Pam-AsØ Ckv

eman ]s¶-Sp-Øn- n√ F∂ hmZw ip≤ If-hmWv.

1953- ¬ auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv

H´-t\Iw AlvaZnbm apkvenß-fpsS Poh\pw kz

Øpw l\n-°-s∏´ Iem]w ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ Ac-tß-

dn-b-Xv. Iem-]-sØ-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°m-\mWv ]mIn-

kvXm≥ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn No v PÃn-km-bn-cp∂ apl-

ΩZv ap\o¿ sNb¿am-\mbn IΩo-js\ \ntbm-Kn-®-Xv.

\nc-h[n cmjv{Sob e£y-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Iem-]w.

]mIn-kvXm≥ ]©m-_nse {Ia-k-am-[m-\m-¥-co-

£sØ XI¿°p-Ibpw Kh¿Æ¿ P\-d¬ Kpemw

161

30


apl-ΩZv \nkm-ap-±o≥, a{¥n-k` ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ań-a-dn-bp-tSbpw Iem-]-Øn-t‚bpw tI{μ-

_n-μp-hmbn {]h¿Øn® auem\m auZq-Znsb ]´m-f-

tIm-SXn h[-in-£bv°v hn[n-®p. ]n∂oSv in£ eLq-

I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. {]t£m-`-Im-eØv "JmZn-

bm\n akv-Ae' F∂ eLp-teJ Fgp-Xnb \ncp-]-{Z-

h-I-c-amb Ip‰-Øn-\mWv auZq-Znsb h[-in-£°v

hn[n-®-sX∂v C¥y-bn-sebpw ]mIn-kvXm-\n-sebpw

Pam-AsØ Ckveman-°m¿ {]N-cn-∏n-°m-dp-≠v.

F∂m¬, Cu IrXn Ct∂-hsc ]mIn-ÿm-\n¬

\ntcm-[n-®n- n√ F∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Ah-cpsS hmZw If-

hm-sW∂v sXfn-bp-∂p. 1953- se Iem]w aX-\yq-\-]-

£-ßƒ°p≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥

th≠n-bm-sW∂v ]d™v Ipdn-∏p-Im-c≥ ]nSn-®p-

\n¬°m≥ t\m°p-I-bm-Wv. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬

KpP-dm-Øn¬ \S∂ apkvenw hwi-lXy apkvenwß-

fpsS Ah-Im-i-kw-c-£-W-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bm-sW∂v

]d™v \msf \tc-{μ-tam-Un-bpsS injy-∑mcpw cwK-

sØ-Øn-bm¬ AZv`p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√. AlvaZnøm

apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ \memw Jeo^ lZvdØv

an¿km Xmln¿ AlvaZv kmln_v cNn® "aX-Øns‚

t]cn¬ a\p-jy-lXy' F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ auZqZn

kmln-_ns‚ Pnlm-Zn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hnIe k¶-ev]-

ßƒ hna¿i\ hnt[-b-am-°p-∂p-≠v. t_mws_-bn¬

\S∂ Iem-]-Øn¬ kwL-]-cn-hm-dns‚ ]¶v Cuiz-c-

hn-izm-kn-bmb {ioIrjvW IΩo-j≥ Ak-μn-Kv≤-

ambn hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-s≠-∂p-≈Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv.

]t£, apkvenßƒ°p-th≠n apX-e-°-Æo-scm-gp-

°m≥ Iem-]-Im-cn-I-fmb auZq-Zn-Iƒ°v F¥-h-Im-

i-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

apk¬amt\ A√ F∂v Rßƒ Dss®kvXcw Adn-

bn-°p-I-bmWv'' (k-ao-μm¿ emtlm¿ 11- 11- 1911) A√mam

CIv_m¬ CXnepw Ihn™ \ne-bn-emWv {_nójv

Kh¨sa-≠n-t\bpw N{I-h¿Øn-tbbpw kvXpXn-®n-

´p-≈-Xv.

C¥y≥ tZio-b-{]ÿm\w IØn-\n-ev°p-Ibpw

Izn‰v C¥ym "kacw sImSp-ºn-cn-s°m-≈p-Ibpw

C¥y≥ P\-X-sbm-∂-S¶w kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v th≠n

cwK-Øn-d-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX \n¿Æm-b-I-L-´-Øn¬

C¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿm-\-tØbpw kzmX-{¥y-t]m-cm-

fn-I-sfbpw apgps° A[n-t£-]n-°p-I-bpw, Ah¿

s°Xn-cn¬ Ip vdv in¿°v XvhIƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-

°p-I-bp-amWv Pam-AsØ Ckveman BNm-cy≥

sNbvX-sX∂ Imcyw C¥y-bnse auZq-Zn-Iƒ ad-®p-

sh-°p-I-bmWv. auZqZn ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWpI: ""`c-Wm-

[n-Imcw Cw•o-jp-Im-cmb Aapkvenan¬ \n∂v, C¥y-

°m-cmb Aapkvenan-te°v \oßp-I-bmWv Cu ka-

c-Øns‚ ew. CØ-c-samcp kzX-{¥-cm-jv{S-Øn-\p-

th≠n t]mcm´w \S-Øp-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw apkv

enwIƒ°v ldm-am-Wv. am{X-a√ Cu \o°-ßsf

ssIbpw sIń t\m°n-\n¬°p-∂Xpw Ah¿°v ldmw

Xs∂-bmWv (XlvcosI BkmZn lnμv t]. 71)

ho≠pw ]d-bp∂p: ""C¥y-cmPyw ]q¿Æ-am-tbm, mKn-

I-am-tbm, Ckveman-I- -c-W-{]-tZ-i-am-I-Ww. AØ-c-

samcp kzX-{¥-cm-jv{S-Øn-\p-th≠n am{Xta Rßƒ

ka-c-Øn-\p-≈q. AXn\v am{Xta aX-ZrjvSym Rßƒ

°v _m[y-X-bp≈q ˛ F∂m¬ C¥y kzX-{¥-am-Ip-

∂-Xns‚ e-ambn \ne-hn-ep-≈-Xp-t]mse As√-¶n¬

AXn-t\-°mƒ tami-amb Hcp Aapkvenw `c-W-{]-

tZiw Xs∂-bm-Wv Bhp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Rß-fnXm \n -

t¶mNw ]®-bmbn {]Jym-]n-°p∂p; AØ-c-samcp

kzX-{¥-cm-Py-Øn\v Bbncw h´w im]w!! AXn\v

th≠n kwkm-cn-°p-I, Fgp-XpI, ]Ww sNe-h-g-n-

°p-I, Zfi-\-ta¬°p-I, Pbn-en¬ t]mIpI XpS-

ßnb kI-eXpw ldmw Xs∂ (XlvcnsI BkmZn

lnμv t]. 68)''

auZqZn ho≠pw Pev]n-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""{_nó-

jp-Im-cs‚ c-W-tØ-°mƒ \√Xv C¥y≥ P\m-[n-

]-Xy-am-Wv. {_nó-jp-Im-cs‚ \nb-a-tØ-°mƒ \√Xv

C¥y≥ \nb-a-amWv. CXmWv Ch-cpsS hm-Zw. F∂m¬

CkvemanI ho£-W-Øn¬ c≠pw Hcp-t]mse AXn-

{I-a-amWv; Ip vdmWv; [n°m-c-amWv'' (kn-bmko Iiva-

Iiv t]. 124) Cu auZq-Zn-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wv,

hy‡-amb CkvemanI A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-

\-Øn¬, hnizm-k-˛-{]-h¿Ø-kzm-X-{¥yw, \¬Ip∂

Hcp `c-W-°q-SsØ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW-∂pw,

Ah¿s°-Xn-cn¬ aX-bp≤w \S-Øp-hm≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw

{]Jym-]n-®-Xns‚ t]cn¬ l: AlvaZv (A)-an-s\-Xn-

cn¬ A[n-t£]w sNmcn-bp-∂-Xv. Ahn-SsØ Cu D]-

tZiw GXv ImeØpw {]k-‡hpw, temI-k-am-[m-\-

Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-amb XXz-hp-am-Wv. F∂m¬ Xß-

fpsS BNm-cys‚ D]-tZ-i-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n¬°p-∂p-

sh∂v {]Jym-]n-°m≥ auZq-Zn-Iƒ°v N¶q-‰-apt≠m?!!


162

31


tIm\ntbmbnsetIm\ntbmbnsetIm\ntbmbnsetIm\ntbmbnsetIm\ntbmbnsePohnXwPohnXwPohnXwPohnXwPohnXw

tIm\ntbmbnse kzoI-cWw

C_v\p Ad-_nsb \ncp-’m-l-s∏-

Sp-Øn. 1207¬ At±lw a°-bn-

te°v aS-ßn. Hcp h¿jw \o≠

Xma-k-Øn-\p-tijw At±lw

Gjym-ssa\dnte°v (Xp¿°n)

bm{X-bm-bn. 1260¬ At±lw

AhnsS FØn-b-t∏mƒ tdmanse

k¬-Pq°v kp¬Øm-\m-bn-cp∂

tIsIukpw (1210-˛1220) tIm\n

tbm-bnse P\-ßfpw At±-lsØ

lm¿±-ambn kzoI-cn-®p. ChnsS

kZ-dp-±o≥ At±-l-Øns‚ hniz-

kvX-\mb injycm-bn-cp∂p. kZ-dp-

±o≥ ]n∂oSv C_v\p Ad-_n-bpsS

A≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS hni-Zo-I-cWw

\¬Ip-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ cN-

\-I-sf-°p-dn®v \nc-h[n hymJym-

\-ßƒ Fgp-XpIbpw sNbvXn-´p-

≠v. kZ-dp-±o≥ auem\m Pem-ep-

±o≥ dqan-bpsS Hcp‰ Nßm-Xnbpw

13-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse {it≤b\mb

kq^n-bpam-bn-cp∂ JpØp-_q-±o≥

iodm\n (1236- 1411)-bpsS A≤ym-]-

I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1211˛¬ Xs‚ Nne

Bflo-b-X-bpsS \nKq-V-X-e-ßsf `mj-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn® C_v\pBflo-b-X-bpsS \nKq-V-X-e-ßsf `mj-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn® C_v\pBflo-b-X-bpsS \nKq-V-X-e-ßsf `mj-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn® C_v\pBflo-b-X-bpsS \nKq-V-X-e-ßsf `mj-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn® C_v\pBflo-b-X-bpsS \nKq-V-X-e-ßsf `mj-bn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn® C_v\p

Ad-_nsb A¿∞-a-dn-bmsX Bfp-Iƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pAd-_nsb A¿∞-a-dn-bmsX Bfp-Iƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pAd-_nsb A¿∞-a-dn-bmsX Bfp-Iƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pAd-_nsb A¿∞-a-dn-bmsX Bfp-Iƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pAd-_nsb A¿∞-a-dn-bmsX Bfp-Iƒ sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p

injy-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w At±lw _m

KvZm-Zn-te°v t]mbn. ChnsS sh®v

At±lw alm-\mb kq^n Kpcp

inlm-_p-±o≥ kpl¿h¿Zn-bp-ambn

IqSn-°mgvN \S-Øn. Xs‚ {]P-I-

fmb {InkvXym-\n-I-tfm-Sp≈ s]cp-

am-‰-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-{]m-b-am-cm-

™p. kp¬Øm≥ Iukn\v 1212¬

C_v\p Ad_n Hcp IsØ-gp-Xn.

{InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSv I¿i-\-amb

\ne-]mSv ssIs°m-≈-W-sa∂pw

Ckveman\v £X-ta¬∏n-°p∂

Ahsc XS-b-W-sa∂pw C_v\p

Ad_n At±-lsØ D]-tZ-in-®p.

A°m-eØv \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

Ipcn-ip-bp≤w Imc-W-am-bn-cn-°

Ww Hcp-]-t£, At±lw Aßs\

Hcp-]-tZiw \evIn-b-Xv.

1213¬ At±lw a°-bn-te°v

bm{X sNbvXp. c≠p h¿j-ßƒ

°v tijw ho≠pw Xp¿°n-bn-

te°v t]mbn. AhnsS tIIu-

kns\ ImWp-Ibpw A¥ntbm

Iym°v bp≤-Øn¬ hn-P-bn-°p-

sa∂v ap≥Iq´n ]d-bp-Ibpw sN

bvXp. At±lw ]n∂oSv A√-t∏m-

bn-te°v t]mbn. 1221 hsc AhnsS

Xma-kn-®p. 1223¬ Uam-kv°- n¬

ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-

®p. kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb Xs‚

Pohn-X-Øns‚ _m°n kabw

Aßs\ kam-[m-\-Øn¬ sNe-h-

gn-°m≥ C_v\p Ad_n B{K-ln-

®p. `c-Wm-[nIm-cn-bmb A¬

amen°v A¬ BZn¬ At±-l-

tØmSv hfsc BZ-c-]q¿Δ-amWv

s]cp-am-dn -b-Xv. 1240 At±lw

A¥y-izmkw hen-®p. Uam-kvI-

kns‚ hS°v Jmkn-bp≥Ip-∂n-\p-

k-ao]w kmen-ln-bbnemWv At±

lsØ I_-d-S-°nb-Xv. 16mw \q‰m-

≠n¬ At±-l-Øn\v Hcp kvamcIw

]Wn-Xp. kq^n-Iƒ°v AhnSw

C∂pw Hcp Xo¿∞m-S-\-tI-{μ-

amWv.

k¥-Xn -Iƒk¥-Xn -Iƒk¥-Xn -Iƒk¥-Xn -Iƒk¥-Xn -Iƒ

C_v\p Ad_n aq∂v cmPy-ß-

fnembn aq∂p hnhmlw Ign-®p.

skhn-s√-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ Im

eØv kq^n-bm-Im-\p≈ Xs‚

B{Klw ]¶p-sh® apl-Ω-Zp-

_n≥ A_vZphns‚ aI-fmb adn-

b-ans\ At±lw hnhmlw sN

bvXp. At±-l-Øns‚ c≠m-asØ

`mcy a°-bnse ico-^ns‚ aI-

C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240):C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240):C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240):C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240):C_v\p Ad_n (1165-˛1240):kq^nbpw ⁄m\nbpw kq^nbpw ⁄m\nbpw kq^nbpw ⁄m\nbpw kq^nbpw ⁄m\nbpw kq^nbpw ⁄m\nbpw (XpS¿®)(XpS¿®)(XpS¿®)(XpS¿®)(XpS¿®)

k°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\Uk°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\Uk°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\Uk°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\Uk°-cnøm hn¿°v ˛ Im\U

163

32


fmb mØn-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cm-

bn-cp∂p Cam-Zp-±os‚ amXm-hv.

Ahkm-\-ambn At±lw Uam-

kv°- nse JmZn A¬ Jkm-

bpsS aIsf hnhmlw sNbvXp.

At±-l-Øn\v c≠v ]p{X-∑m-

cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kA-Zp-±o≥ apl-

ΩZv (1221- 1258) Hcp {]ikvX Ihn-

bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cam-Zp-±o≥ apl-ΩZv

(N-c-aw 1268) Bbn-cp∂p as‰mcp

aI≥.

C_v\p Ad-_n-bpsSC_v\p Ad-_n-bpsSC_v\p Ad-_n-bpsSC_v\p Ad-_n-bpsSC_v\p Ad-_n-bpsSIrXn-IƒIrXn-IƒIrXn-IƒIrXn-IƒIrXn-Iƒ

kq^n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ C_v\p

Ad_n ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂Xv

ssiJp¬ AIv_¿, alm-\mb

A≤ym-]-I≥ F∂m-bn-cp -∂p.

Xs‚ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ BZy-ambn

Fgp-Øp-ap-tJ\ {]I-Sn-∏n® hy

‡nbmbn-cp∂p At±-lw. AXn-\p-

apºv hmsam-gn-bmbn am{X-am-bn-

cp∂p A≤ym-]-I¿ A≤ym-]\w

\S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv. hnhn-[ hnj-b-

ß-fn-ep≈ Imcy-ßƒ At±lw

kam-l-cn-®p. I¿Ω-im-kv{Xw, AXo-

{μn-b-]-c-amb kn≤m-¥-ßƒ, {]]-

©-hn⁄m-\o-bw, kwJym-im-

kv{Xw, tbmK-Z¿i-\-]-c-amb Ah-

ÿ-Iƒ, kq^n kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

F∂nh Ah-bn¬s]-Sp-∂p. Xs‚

]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS ]ń-I-bn¬ At±

lw Xs∂ 251 IrXn-Iƒ tN¿Øn-

´p-≠v. Ch-bn¬ Ipd®v A®-Sn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-s≠-¶nepw GI-

tZiw 110 IrXn-Iƒ Isø-gpØp

cq]-Øn-ep-≠v. AXn¬ 18 FÆw

At±-l-Øns‚ kz¥w ssIø-£-

c-Øn-em-Wp-≈-Xv. 71 FÆw A®-

Sn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. 33 FÆw apkvenw

]fin-X-∑m¿ hymJym-\n-®n- p-≠v.

At±-l-Øn\v hnip≤ Jp¿-B-

\nepw lZo-kn-ep-ap-≈{X Xs∂

]mfinXyw mjm-im-kv{Xw, XXz-

⁄m-\w, ck-X{¥w, {]]-©-hn-

⁄m-\obw F∂n-h-bn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p.

KZy -Ønepw ]Zy -Ønepw

At±lw FgpXpI-bp≠mbn:

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s‚ Ntμm-_≤-

amb {]m-k-sam-∏n-®p≈ KZyw (k-

Pv) At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬

\nd-™p-In-S-°p-∂p.

"^pXp-lm-Øp¬ a°nø' kq

^n-k-Øns‚ Hcp hniz-hn-⁄m-

\-tIm-i-am-Wv. ]mc-ºcyØn-t‚

bpw bp‡nbp-tSbpw tbmK-Z¿i-\-

]-c-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-bp-tSbpw aq∂v

kc-Wn-I-tfbpw GIo-I-cn-°p-

Ibpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-XmWv kq^n-kw. 1201¬ BZy-

ambn a° kμ¿in-®-t∏m-gmWv

At±lw pXp-lm-Øp¬ a°n-b-

bpsS cN\ (Gnostic) Bcw- n-®-Xv.

1237¬ Uam-kvI-kn¬ sh®mWv

AXv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®Xv. tbmK-Z¿i-

\-]-c-amb A\p- -h-ßƒ, sa‰m^n-

kn-°¬ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ, Z¿i-\-

ßƒ, {]]© hn⁄m-\o-bw,

kqô- kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ, Nn¥-Iƒ

F∂n-h- Cu {KŸw Dƒs°m≈p-

∂p. 560 A≤ym-b-ß-fn-ep≈ _rl-

Ømb Hcp IrXn-bmWn-Xv. C_v\p

Ad_n a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw A\p-

-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Ckvemanse

F√m hnj-b-ßfpw Dƒs°m-f-

fp∂ Hcp _rlZv {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.

AtXm-sSm∏w Xs‚ Bflob-Po-hn-

X-Ønse hne-tb-dnb hnh-c-ß-fpw

CXn-ep-≠v. kzX-{¥-amb \ne-bnepw

Nn¥-bpsS e-am-bp-a√ Xm\n-sX-

gp-Xn-b-sX∂v At±lw {KŸ-Øn¬

Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p-ap-≠v.

""Rms\-gp-Xn-b-sX√mw {]tNm-

Z-\-Øns‚ ae-°p-ap-tJ\ ssZhw

F\n°v ]d-™p-X-∂-XmWnXv.''

Cu al-Ømb IrXn-sb-°p-

dn®v 100¬ A[nIw hymJym\ßƒ

Fgp-X-s∏- n- p-≠v. "^pkq-kp¬ ln-

°w.' At±lw cNn-®Xv 1229-em-Wv.

PqX ss{IkvXh Ckvemw aX-{]-

hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ⁄m\-Øns‚

B¥-cn-Im¿∞-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-

W-am-Wn-Xv. 27 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬

Hmtcm∂pw Ckvemanse \nKqV

XØz-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-kn-≤m-¥-

ßƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]pkvX-

I-sØ-]‰n C_v\p Ad-_n-°p-

≠mb Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn¬, Iøn-

semcp {KŸ-hp-ambn apl-ΩZv

\_n(-k)sb C_v\p Ad_nsb

kao-]n-°p-∂p. {]kvXpX ]pkvX-

Iw tem-I-Øv F√m-bn-SØpw {]N-

cn -∏n -°m≥ B kz]v\-Øn¬

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k) C_v\p Ad-

_n-tbmSv Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p.

Cu ]pkvXIw ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-

bXv I\Ø hna¿i-\-ßsf t\cn-

´p-sIm-≠m-Wv. C_v\p ssXanøm

AS°w \nc-h[n aX-]-fin-X-∑m-

cm¬ At±lw aX-\n-μ-I-\m-sW∂v

{]Jym-]n-°-s∏- p. pkq-kn\v \nc-

h[n hymJym-\-ßƒ Fgp-X-s∏-ń-

´p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ {it≤-b-am-bh

_Z-dp-±o≥ A¬ sIm\-hn-bp-tSXpw

A_vZp¬Km\n A¬ \_veqkn-bp-

tS-Xp-am-Wv. kq^nkw hf¿® {]m

]n® CkvemanI cmPy-ß-fn¬

⁄m\sØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ {K

Ÿ-ambn ]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

"dqlp¬ JpZvkv A¬Zp-¿d-

Øp¬ °o-d' tUm. B¿.-U-ªyp.

HmÃn≥ ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

1971¬ H‰ hmey-ambn {]ko-≤o-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. "A¥-

ep-jy-bnse kq^n-am¿' F∂

{KŸ-Øn¬ 71 kq^n-am-cpsS Pohn-

X-tc-J-Iƒ {]Xn-]m-Zn°s∏- n- p-≠v.

Nne sNdp-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Bkn≥ ]em-

164

33


tkymkv 1931¬ kv]m\njv mj-bn-

te°v ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw

sNbvXn- p-≠v.

At±-l-Øns‚ ssI∏-S-bn¬

C∂v \ne-hn-ep-≈Xv 18 IrXn-Iƒ

am{X-am-Wv. C_v\p Ad_n km

£y-s∏-SpØnb tIm∏n-I-fmWv

\nc--h-[n-bp-≈-Xv. Cßs\ H∏n´

\nc-h[n Isø-gpØp tIm∏n-Iƒ

_KvZm-Zv, CkvXw-_pƒ, tIm\ntbm

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse sse{_-dn-I-fn¬

kq£n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

kq‡-ßƒkq‡-ßƒkq‡-ßƒkq‡-ßƒkq‡-ßƒ

C_v\p Ad-_n-bpsS \nc-h[n

D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ kq£n-°s∏ń- p-≠v.

At±-l-Øns‚ ho£-W-ßsf

°pd-n®p≈ Hcp Aht_m[w Ah

\ap°p \evIp-∂p.

"a‰p -≈-h¿ Dƒ°m-g vN

sIm≠v' (_kzn-d) Adn-bp-∂-Xv

t]mse A√m-lp-hns\ Adn-bp-∂-

h¿ Xß-fpsS IÆns‚ ImgvN (_-

kz¿) sIm≠v Adn-bp-∂p. bYm¿

∞-Øn¬ Bcp-a-dn-bm-ØXv Ah¿

Dƒ°mgvN sIm≠-dn-bp-∂p. F∂m

epw kz¥w Alw-`m-h-Øns‚

tZmj-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ahcpw kpc-

£n-X-c-√. ]ns∂ Xs‚ \mY≥

ap≥Iqń \n›-bn-®-Xn¬\n∂pw

kpc-£n-X-\m-sW∂v Abmƒ°v

Fs∂-¶nepw tXm∂p-∂-sX-ß

s\?'

"Adn-bp-∂-hs‚ {]`m-jWw

t{imXm-hns‚ {]Xn-cq-]-Øn-em-Wv.

AXv AbmfpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ, Xøm-

sd-Sp-∏v, Zu¿_-eyw, B¥-cn-I-amb

aps∂m-cp°w F∂n-h-b-\p-k-cn-®m-

Wv. Hcm-fpsS tNmZy-Øn\v DØcw

\¬Ip-∂Xv k¶o¿Æ-am-sW∂v

I≠m¬ DØcw ]d-b-cp-Xv. Fs¥-

∂m¬ Abm-fpsS ]m{Xw aptº

Xs∂ \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬

DØ-c-Øn\v ÿe-an-√.'

"A⁄≥ Xs‚ A⁄X

ImWp-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬ Abmƒ

A⁄-X-bpsS A‘-Im-c-Øn¬

\na-·-\m-Wv. Adn-hp-≈-h≥ Xs‚

Adnhp Adn-bp-∂n-√. Fs¥-∂m¬

Abmƒ AXns‚ {]Im-i-Øn¬

\na-·-\mWv'

"{]]-©-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-

Øns‚ Ne\w kvt\l-Øns‚

Ne-\-am-Wv.'

Xs‚ D‰ kplr-Øp-°sf

A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm≠v

At±lw Hcn-°¬ ]d™p:

"Hmtcm Xcw Adn-hn\pw Nne

Bfp-I-fp-≠v. F√m-hn-[-Øn-ep-≈

Adnhpw F√m-h¿°pw {]m]n

°m≥ km[y-a-√. AXn\p aXn-

bmb ka-b-hp-an-√.'' AXn-\m¬

GXv kaq-l-Ønepw F√mhn[-Øn-

ep≈ Bfp-Ifpw D≠m-th-≠-Xm-

Wv. hyXykvX am\-knI Nmbvhp

≈ Bfp-Iƒ D≠m-h-Ww, Ah-

cpsS e£yw H∂m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂p-

s≠-¶nepw'

Dä-bpsS GIXzwDä-bpsS GIXzwDä-bpsS GIXzwDä-bpsS GIXzwDä-bpsS GIXzw

At±lw "hlvZ-Ø¬ hpPqZv'

(Dä-bpsS GI-Xzw) F∂ kn

≤m¥w ssIs°m≠ Bfm-Wv

F∂mWv s]mXp-hn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-

∂-sX-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]pkv

X-I-ß-fn-sem-∂nepw Cu kw⁄

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-ń-√. F√m Hmtcm

tbmK-Z¿i-I-t\bpw t]mse At±-

lhpw Du∂¬ \¬In-bXv a\p-

jys‚ {]_-e-X°pw AXv km

£m¬°-cn°pw hgn AXv ]q¿Æ-

X-bn-se-Øp-∂Xv ]cn-]q¿Æ a\p-

jy-\n-em-Wv. (A¬ C≥km\p¬

Im-an¬). "hl-ZØp¬ hpPq-Zv'

Hcp {]tXyI Xcw XØz-⁄m-\-

amWv. AXns‚ A¿∞anXm-Wv.

"ssZhw ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw {]]-©-

Øn-∂-[o-X-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.

F∂m¬ {]]©w Ah-\n¬

\n∂pw ]q¿Æ-ambpw thdn-´-X-√.

{]]©w \nKq-V-amb \ne-bn¬

ssZh-Øn¬ apßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.'

Hcp ]cn-]q¿Æ a\p-jy≥ Cu

bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ ]cn-]q¿Æ

{]Xn-_nw-_-am-hp-∂Xv Fß-s\-

sb∂pw kzbw Adn-bp-∂-h≥

Fßs\ ssZhsØ Adn-bp-∂p-

sh∂pw C_v\p Ad_n a\- n-em-

°n-Ø-cp-∂p. Dä-bpsS GI-Xzw,

H‰-s∏-´Xpw hn`-Pn-°m≥ Ign-bm-

Ø-Xp-amb bmYm¿∞yw, F√m-

‰nepw anI-®p-\n¬°p∂ temI-

Ønse F√m-‰n-t‚bpw {]Xn-_nw-_-

Øn¬ {]I-S-am-Ip∂ B bmYm¿

∞y-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ

C_v\p Ad-_n-bpsS Fgp-Øp-I-

fn¬ [mcm-f-ap-≠v. Cu kn≤m¥w

Imc-W-ambn At±lw -AssZz-X-hm-

Zn-bm-sW∂v Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ssZh-Øn\pw {]]-©-Øn-\p-an-S-

bn¬ bYm¿∞-amb Hcp XpS¿®-

bp-s≠-∂v am{X-amWv AXv kqNn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv. C_v\p Ad-_n-bm-Is´

Hmtcm hkvXphn\p-taepw ssZh-

Øns‚ A[o-i-Xz-ap-s≠-∂m-Wv

hniz-kn-®-Xv.

{]Xy-b-imkv{Xw{]Xy-b-imkv{Xw{]Xy-b-imkv{Xw{]Xy-b-imkv{Xw{]Xy-b-imkv{Xw

C_v\p Ad_n Xs‚ kplr-

Øp-°-fp-tSbpw injy-∑m-cp-tSbpw

ta¬ i‡-amb kzm[o\w sNep-

Øn. Ah-cn¬ \nc-h[n t]¿

kz¥w \ne-bn¬ Xs∂ Ckvem

anI temIsØ Bflo-b-Kp-cp-°-

∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. CkvemanI temI

sØ Bflo-b-Nn¥-bp-tSbpw {]

tbm-K-Øn-t‚bpw Hgp-°n¬ At±

lw ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Xmev]cyw

ImWn-®p. kq^n-k-Øns‚ A\p-

bm-bn-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸ-

ßƒ ]Tn-®p. hnhn[ kq^n-{]-


165

34


temtemtemtemtemIØp GXp \nan-jhpw

sImSnb Zpc¥w hnX-°m≥ Ign-

hp≈ AXn-hn-\m-i-I-c-amb B‰w-

t_mw-_n-s\-∏‰n Jp¿-B≥ Nne

kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

]c-Zq-j-I-\pw, A]-hmZw ]d-

bp-∂-h-cp-amb Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw

\miw. [\w tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw

AXv FÆn-sbÆn IW-°m-°n-

s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≈-

h≥, [\w Ahs\ imiz-X-\m-°n-

bn-cn-°-bm-sW∂p [cn-°p-∂p.

Aß-s\-b√m, Xo¿®-bmbpw

Ah≥ "lpXva'bn¬ X≈-s∏-Sp-

sa∂v Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p. IØn

®p Pzen-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ A√m-lp-

hns‚ A·n-bm-W-Xv. lrZ-b-ß-fn-lrZ-b-ß-fn-lrZ-b-ß-fn-lrZ-b-ß-fn-lrZ-b-ß-fn-

t∑¬t∑¬t∑¬t∑¬t∑¬ Bfn-∏-S-cp∂ Xo. AXv

\o≠ kvXw -ß-fm-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS

ta¬ AS-®p-aq-S-s∏-Spw. lpXva°v

c≠p [mXz¿∞-ß-fp-≠v. "lXa'

s]mSn-°p-I, F‰hpw kq£va-I-W-

am-°p-I. "lnXa' G‰hpw kq£va

IWw (kq£va IW-am-Ip-tºmƒ

e`n-°p-∂-Xv). AWp hnJ-fi\

{]{In-b-bn-eqsS (Nuclear Fission)\S°p∂ B‰w-t_mw_v kvt^m

B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬B‰w-t_mw_v apX¬ C{k-tb¬cq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsccq]o-I-cWw hsc

A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 21A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 21A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 21A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 21A¬Jp¿-B≥ FIvkn-_n-j≥ ˛ 21

G.Iyp alvZnG.Iyp alvZnG.Iyp alvZnG.Iyp alvZnG.Iyp alvZn

`qan-bn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \yq¢n-b¿`qan-bn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \yq¢n-b¿`qan-bn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \yq¢n-b¿`qan-bn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \yq¢n-b¿`qan-bn¬ Pohs‚ \ne-\n¬∏ns\ Xs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \yq¢n-b¿

hn]-Øn-s\-]‰n Jp¿-Bs‚ Kl-\-amb hN-\-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fp≠vhn]-Øn-s\-]‰n Jp¿-Bs‚ Kl-\-amb hN-\-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fp≠vhn]-Øn-s\-]‰n Jp¿-Bs‚ Kl-\-amb hN-\-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fp≠vhn]-Øn-s\-]‰n Jp¿-Bs‚ Kl-\-amb hN-\-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fp≠vhn]-Øn-s\-]‰n Jp¿-Bs‚ Kl-\-amb hN-\-ß-fn¬ {]h-N-\-ß-fp≠v

S\ Zpc-¥-amWv "lpXva'.

B‰w -t_mw_v (lpXva)

kvt^mS-\-tØmsS Kmam civan-

Ifpw \yqt{Sm-Wp-Ifpw FIvkvtd-

Ifpw hnap-‡-am-°-s∏-Sp -∂p.

FIvkvtd D≠m-°p∂ sImSpw-NqSv

Hcp A·n-tKmfw krjvSn-®p-sIm

≠v ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ kvXw`-ambn ta¬

t∏m´pbcp-∂p. i_vZm-Xn-th-K-

Øn¬ AXn-i-‡-amb sImSp-¶m‰v

hi-ß-fn-tebv°v B™p-ho-ip-I-

bpw BLm-X-X-cw-Kßƒ (Shockwaves) krjvSn -°-s∏-Sp -Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Kmamc-ivan-I-fm-h-s´,

InSnew sIm≈n-°p∂ {]I-º-\-

tØmsS BLm-X-X-cw-K-ßsf

AXn-h¿Øn®v k©-cn-°p-∂p.

CXv, Pohn-I-fpsS ˛ a\p-jycpsS

˛ lrZ-b-Øns‚ kv]μ-\sØ

Øs∂ \ne-∏n®v \nan-j-t\cw

sIm≠v lrZ-b-kvXw- -\-ap-≠m-°p-

∂p. Xobpw NqSpw ]Icpw apºp-

166

35


Xs∂ Pohn-h¿§-ßƒ lr Zbw

s]mń ac-W-Øn-tebv°v Iq∏p-Ip-

Øp-∂p. At\-Im-bn-c-ß-sf-bm-Wv,

Hcp Pohn-sb-t∏mepw Ah-ti-jn-

∏n-°msX Cu AWp-kvt^m-S\w

sIms∂m-Sp-°p-I. "lrZ-b-ßsf

_m[n-°p∂p' F∂ {]tbmKw

aptJ\ F{X kq£va-am-bmWv

B‰w-t_mw_v kvt^mS-\sØ Jp¿-

B≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv!

\yq¢n-b¿ taL-ßsf∏‰n

Jp¿-B-\n¬ c≠p `mKØv kqN-

\-I-fp-≠v. H∂n-Xm-Wv, "AXn-\m¬

BImiw kv]jvS-amb Hcp Xcw

[qaw sIm≠p-h-cp-s∂mcp \mƒ

{]Xo-£n-°pI; AXv P\-ßsf

aqSn-°-f-bpw. CXv thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-

sbmcp in£-bm-Wv.' c≠m-aXp

]d-bp∂p, "\nßƒ \ntj-[n-®p-

sIm-≠n -cn -°p -∂-Xn -tebv°p'

\nßƒ t]mhp-I. AsX, aq∂p

imJ-I-fp≈ Hcp \ng-en-tebv°p

\nßƒ s]mbvsIm-≈p-I. B

\ng¬ XWp-∏p-≈-X-√, XoPzm-e-

bn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ AXp

{]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-I-bp-an-√. AXv

ku[-k-am-\-amb A·n-Pzm-e-Iƒ

]c-Øpw. AXv a™ \nd-ap≈ H -

I-ßsft∏men-cn-°pw.'

B‰w-t_mw_v kvt^mS-\-ap-

≠m-°p∂ sImSpw-NqSv A·n-tKm-

f-ß-fmbn Hcp [qa-kvXw`w t]mse

tatem-´p-b-cp-∂p. Cu \yq¢n-b¿

taL-ßƒ amc-I-amb tdUn-tb-

j≥ {]k-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v BIm-

iØp k©-cn-°p-∂p. am\-h-cmin

Ct∂mfw I≠n- n-√m-Ø, A\p- -hn-

®n -ń -√mØ "BW-h-in -incw'

(Nuclear Winter) F∂ alm-Zp-c-¥-

Øns‚ oI-c-Zr-iy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m

Wv ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse ta¬

h¿Æ-\-Iƒ.

C\n, qan°p Np‰p-ap≈ {Kl-

ß-sf-∏‰n. πqt´mbpw Hcp {Kl-am-

sW∂p [cn-®mWv h¿j-ß-fmbn

imkv{X-tem-Iw. qan Dƒ∏sS H≥

]Xp {Kl-ß-fpsS kaq-lsØ

"\h-{K-l-ßƒ' F∂p hnfn-®p-h-

∂n-cp-∂-Xv. kao-]-Im-e-Øv, 2006

HmK-Ãn¬ tN¿∂ A¥¿t±-iob

Akvt{Sm-W-anIv bqWn-b≥ (IAU)kq£va-amb imkv{Xob \nco-£-

W-ßƒ°v tijw πqt´msb {Kl-

]Zhnbn¬ \n∂v \o°p-I-bpw, \h-

{K-l-hn-izmkw ]msS XncpØn

AjvS-{K-l-ku-c-bqYw F∂

k¶¬∏w AwKo-I-cn-°bpw sN

bvXp. F∂m¬, Xmsg Ipdn-°p∂

Jp¿-B-\nI hN\w `qan°p ]pd-

Øp≈ Ggp {Kl-ß-sf-°p-dn-

®mWv kqN\ \¬Ip-∂Xv; `qan

Dƒ∏sS BsI Fs -Æw.

"\nß-fpsS apI-fn¬ \mw

kp`-{Z-k-]vX-IsØ \n¿Ωn-°p-

Ibpw IØn-Øn-f-ßp∂ Hcp

Zo]w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂p. k]vXw F∂p ]d-™m¬,

Ggv F∂¿∞w. "\nß-fpsS apI-

fn¬' F∂Xv "`qan°p apI-fn¬'

F∂-Xm-W-t√m. `qan IqSmsX

Ggp {Kl-ßƒ F∂-Xn-eqsS

imkv{Xw Ct∏mƒ KWn-s®-Sp-

Øh `qan Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ AjvS-

{Kl-k-¶¬∏w (F´p {Kl-ßƒ)

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp-Xs∂ Jp¿-

B≥ ]d-™p-X-∂-Xm-Wv.

B‰w-t_mw-_p-ambn Hcp

_‘-hp-an√ "C{km-tb¬ cq]o-I-

cWw' F∂bo hnj-b-Øn-s\-

¶nepw AsX-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp Jp¿-

B-\nI hN\w ChnsS A\m-h-

cWw sNøp-I-bm-Wv.

B Jp¿B≥h-N\w {i≤n-

°q,

""C{km-tb-en-I-tfmSp \mw ]d-

™p: "\nßƒ B \mń¬ hkn-

®p-sIm-≈p-I. ]n∂oSv HSp-hn-esØ

hmKvZm\w ]q¿Øn-bm-hp∂ ka-

b-am-bm¬ \mw \nßsf qan-bn¬

Hcp-an®p Iqń-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xm-

Wv.''

C{km-tb-en -I-fpsS ako-

167

36


lmb tbip-hns\ Ah¿ \ntj-

[n-®p, Ipcn-in-te‰n ]oUn-∏n-®-Xns‚

in£-sb-t∂mWw' G.-Un. 70-˛¬

tdma≥ tk\m\n ssS‰kv ]e-

kvXo≥ B{I-an-°p-Ibpw blq-Z-

∑m¿ temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-Kß-

fn-tebv°pw NnX-dn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ckveman\p tijw ]e-

kvXo≥ cmPyw apkvenwI-fp-tS-Xm-

bn-Øo¿∂p. dkq¬ Xncp-ta\n

(k) hmKvZm\w sNbvX Xs‚ ako-

lns\ (l-ZvdØv AlvaZn (A)-s\)

\ntj-[n-®-Xn-\m¬ apkvenwIƒ°v

kz¥w qan-bmb ]e-kvXo≥ \jvS-

am-hp-Ibpw, \mSp \jvS-s∏´

Ah¿ {]hm-kn-I-fmbn temIØv

Atßm-f-an-tßm-f-ap≈ hnhn[

cmPy-ß-fn¬ Nn∂n-®n-Xdn Xma-k-

am-cw- n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. blq-Z-

∑msc Hcp-an®p Iq´n-s°m-≠p-h-cp-

sa∂ hnkva-b-I-c-amb Jp¿-B≥

{]h-N\w 1948- ¬ C{k-tb¬ cq]o-

I-c-W-tØmsS ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.

]t£, PqX-∑m¿ in£°p hnt[-

b-cmWv C∂pw. C∂pw, Ct∏mgpw

Ah¿ Xß-fpsS ako-lmb tb

ip-hn¬ hnizmkw A¿∏n-°p-∂n-

√. Ah¿ Icp-Xp-∂Xv tbip-{In

kvXp Hcp I≈-{]-hm-N-I-\m-sW

∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv.

ÿm-\-ß-fpsS (Xz-co-J-Øv) tI{μ-

ß-fn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Ihn-X-Iƒ

Dcp-hn- p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. Cu ASp-Ø-Im-eØv At±-

l-Øns‚ Fgp-Øp-Iƒ ]m›m-Xy-

cm-Py-ß-fn¬ hfsc Xmev]-cy-

Øn\pw ]T-\-Øn\pw hnt[-b-am-

bn-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬

Hcp A°m-U-anIv skmssk‰n

ÿm]n-°m≥ CS-bm-bn- p-≠v. ico-

A-Øn-√mØ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚

(A-ºn-bm em Xivcnb elpw)

XpS¿®-bn¬ C_v\p Ad_n hniz-

kn-®n-cp-∂p. Pn_vcoens‚ am[yaw

aptJ\ kq^n-Iƒ°v \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬ \n∂v \n¿t±-i-ßƒ

kzoI-cn-°m≥ km[n-°p-sa∂pw

At±lw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. {]hm-

N-IXzw Ah-km-\n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv

Ckvemans‚ ac-W-am-sW∂v At±

lw hnNm-cn-®n-cp-∂Xmbn dnt∏m¿ v

sNø-s∏- n- p-≠v.

Hcp apl-±kpw (B-tcm-Sm

tWm kwkm-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xv A

bmƒ) ico-A-Øn-√mØ {]hm-N-

I\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w At±lw

hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Hcp apl-±kv Hcp

ico-AØv {]hm-N-I-\n¬ (A-

ºnbm Xivco) \n∂v ico-AØv

\nbaw A\p-km-cn-bmbn ssI

s°m-≈p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. apl-

±kpw ico-AØn {]hm-N-I\pw

XΩn¬ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. "dbo

kp¬ Huenbm h Pman-bp¬

apJm-aØv' (]p-Wy-hm-f-∑m-cpsS

Xe-h≥, Bflob ]mX-bn-se

F√m-L-´-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚

hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp-an-®p- Iq-´-s∏-

Sp-∂p) F∂ \ne-bv°m-Wv. ico-A-

Øn-√mØ {]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn¬ ico-

A-Øp≈ {]hm-N-Is‚ hy‡n

Xzap≠v. ico-A-Øn-√mØ {]hm-

N-I\pw At±-lhpw XΩn¬ sN

dnb hyXym-k-ta-bp-f-fq. At±-l-

Øns‚ Nn¥-bnse auen-I-amb

Bibw {]hm-N-I-Xz -Øns‚

Bflob ]Zhn t\Snb hy‡n-I-

fpsS Bhn¿`mhw apkvenw DΩ-

Øn¬ Hcn-°epw \n∂p-t]m-hp-I-

bn-s√-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXv \_n

Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS Hcp lZo-kn

s\ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈XmWv.

C{_m-ln-an\pw At±-l-Øns‚

IpSpw-_-Øn-\p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-®-

Xp-t]m-se, apl-ΩZv \_n°pw

At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-Øn\pw

A\p-{K-lßfp-≠m-I-W-sa∂v

{]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xns‚ Xmev]cyw

C{_m-ln(-A)-ans‚ ]n≥Km-an-I-

fn¬ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp -≠mb-Xv

t]mse apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS A\p-

bm-bn-I-fnepw {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ D≠m-

I-W-sa-∂mWv C_v\p Ad_n

kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. AXn-\m¬ apkvenwI-

fnepw {]hm-N-I-cpsS ]Z-hn-bp≈

hsc Fgp-t∂-ev]n°s∏Spw.

{]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ico-A-

Øn¬ Hcp \nb-ahpw d±v sNøp-

Itbm Iq´n-t®¿°p-Itbmbns√

∂p C_v\p Ad_n ]d-bp-∂p.

"ZuXyhpw {]hm-N-I-Xzhpw \n∂p-

t]m-bn. F\n°v tijw ZqX-\p-an-

√, {]hm-N-I-\p-an√' F∂ \_n

(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS {]kvXm-h-

bpsS A¿∞w CXm-Wv. \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n°v tijw ico-AØv

{]hm-N-I-∑m¿ D≠m-hp-I-bn-√.

`mhn-bn-ep≈ {]hm-N--I-∑m¿ \_n

(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ico-A-Øn\v

hnt[-b-cm-bn-cn-°pw. ico-AØv

\nb-a-ß-fmWv Ah-km-\n-®Xv,

{]hm-N-I-Xz-]-Z-hn-b-√.

C_v\p Ad-_n-bpsS A\p-

bm-bn-Iƒ B[p-\nI Cdm-\n¬

\nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚

sa‰m ^nknIvkpw kpl¿ h¿±n

bp-sS (1155-˛1191) Nn¥-Ifpw tN¿

∂mWv Cdm-\nse _p≤n-Po-hn-I-

fpsS temI-ho-£-W-Øns‚ ASn-

Ød cq]-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv.

(The Review of Religions, August(The Review of Religions, August(The Review of Religions, August(The Review of Religions, August(The Review of Religions, August2007)2007)2007)2007)2007)

hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥ tIm-b,hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥ tIm-b,hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥ tIm-b,hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥ tIm-b,hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥ tIm-b,

tImgn-t°m-Sv.tImgn-t°m-Sv.tImgn-t°m-Sv.tImgn-t°m-Sv.tImgn-t°m-Sv.

(33-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®0(33-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®0(33-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®0(33-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®0(33-˛¬ \n∂v XpS¿®0

168

37


tIc-f-Ønse CkvemanIv _m¶v

CCCCC¥y-bn-em-Zy-ambn kwÿm\

k¿°m-cns‚ Iogn¬ tI-cf

kwÿm\ hyh-kmb hnI-k\

tIm¿]-td-js‚ (KSIDC) B`n-ap-

Jy-Øn¬ XpS-ßm-\n-cp∂ Ckv

emanIv _m¶v sslt°m-SXn CS-

s]´v CuønsS XS-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

KSIDC 11 iX-am\w apX¬ap-S-°n

{]hmkn ae-bm-fn-IfpsS kl-I-

c-W-tØmsS 500 tImSn cq] kam-

l-cn®v XpS-ßm-\p-t±-in® Cu

kmº-ØnI kwcw`w tIc-f-Øn

s‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v h≥ {]Xo-£-

I-fm-bn-cp∂p \¬In-b-Xv. {]hm-kn-

I-tfbpw Ad_n [\n-I-tcbpw

IqSmsX ]eni \njn-≤-am-sW∂

Icp-Xp∂ 20 iXm\w apkvenwIƒ

A[n-h-kn-°p∂ tIc-f-Øn¬

CkvemanI t_¶n\v hºn® \n

t£-]-km-[y-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

ap≥tI-{μ-a{¥n tUm. kp{_

“Wykzman tIcf Kh¨sa‚ v

Bcw-`n-°p∂ CkvemanIv _m¶n-

s\-Xnsc sslt°m-S-Xn-bn¬ ka¿

∏n® lcPn kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv

sslt°m-S-Xn Kh¨sa‚ns‚

Ckvem-anI _m-¶nßv {]h¿Ø\w

X¬°mew tÃ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Hcp sk°p-e¿ Kh¨sa≥dns‚

B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ aX-]-c-amb BZ¿

i-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-

Øp∂ ÿm]-\ßƒ D≠m-hp-

∂Xv icn-b√ F∂ \nco-£-W-

apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿apkm-^n¿

amWv _lp-am-\-s∏´ tImSXn \S-

Øn-bXv.

]en-i-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

{]h¿Øn-°p∂ \ne-hn -ep≈

_m¶p-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\ kz`m-h-

Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-amb Ckv

emanI _m¶p-Iƒ°v dnk¿Δv

_m¶n¬ cPn-Ã¿ sNbvXv {]h¿

Øn-°m≥ C¥y-bn¬ \nb-a-]-c-

amb XS- -ß-fp-≠v. tIcf Kh¨

sa≥dv XpS-ßm-\p-t±-in® Ckvem

anI _m¶v BZyw Hcp n\m≥kv

Iº-\n-bmbn cPn-kv‰¿ sNbvXv

]n∂oSv ]q¿Æ-tXm-Xn¬ \nb-am-\p-

kmcw {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp Ckv

emanI _m¶v B°n am‰m\m-bn-

cp∂p Dt±-in-®-Xv.

C¥y-bn¬ dnk¿Δv _m¶v \S-

Ønb Hcp ]T-\-Øn¬ CkvemanIv

_m¶v F∂ k¶ev]w \nc-mI-cn-

°s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv 2008¬

_m¶v \nb-a-]-cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ°v

th≠n dnk¿Δv _m¶v \nb-an®

cLpcm-P≥ IΩn‰n ka¿∏n®

dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ico-A-

Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb CkvemanI

_m¶n-ßn\v i‡-amb ip]m¿i-

bm-Wp-≈-Xv. temI-{]-ikvX kmº-

Øn-I-hn-Z-KvZ\pw Nn°mtKm k¿Δ-

I-em-im-e-bnse FI-tWm-anIvkv

{] -k-dp-amWv cLp-cm-P≥.

_nkn-\kv kwcw-`-I\pw \n

t£]-I\pw CSbn¬ a≤y-h¿Øn-

bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p∂ CkvemanIv

_m¶v tÃm°v am¿°-‰n-t‚bpw

_m¶n-ßnt‚bpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

\S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. \nc-h[n Ckv

emanI hncp≤ {]h-W-X-Ifp≈

Hmlcn hn]-Wn-t]m-setbm _m

¶nßv t]msetbm A√ Ckvem

anI _m¶v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v CkvemanI _m¶n

s‚ CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ \nco-£n-°m≥

Hcp ico-AØv t_m¿Upw D≠m-

bn-cn-°pw. CkvemanI am\-Z-fi-

ßƒ I¿i\ambn ]men-°p-∂p

t≠m F∂v Dd∏v hcp-Øm-\m-Wn-

Xv. CXmWv CkvemanI _m¶ns‚

LS-\. Cu kwhn-[m-\-amWv sk

°p-e¿ am\-Z-fi-ßƒ°v lnX-I-

c-a√ F∂v hmZn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

tUm. kp{_-“Wykzman ssl

t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ D∂-bn® apJy-hm-

Zhpw CXv Xs∂. Kh¨sa‚ v

B`n-ap-Jy-Øn-ep≈ Hcp ÿm]-

\sØ ico-AØv t_m¿Uns‚

\nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-

Xn-t\mSv tbmPn-°m≥ km[y-a√

F∂mWv kzman hmZn-®-Xv.

Ata-cn-°, {^m≥kv, P¿Ω-

\n, s\X¿e‚ v, C‰en, kzn‰vk¿

e‚ v, ssN\ apX-emb hnI-knX

cmPy-ß-fnse dnk¿Δv _m¶p-Iƒ

Hcp CkvemanI PmeIw krjvSn®v

h≥ aqe[\-k-am-lm-cWw \SØn

CkvemanIv _m¶nßv Hcp alm-{]-

169

38


ÿm-\-ambn apt∂m- p-t]m-Ip-I-bm-

Wv. ]eni \njn-≤-sa∂p Icp-Xp

∂ apkvenwI-fpsS \nt£]w kam-

l-cn-°m≥ F¥v hn´p-ho-gvN-Iƒ

°pw \o°p-t]m-°pIƒ°pw Xøm-

dm-W-h¿. ]Ww kam-l-cn-°m≥

F¥n\pw Xøm-dmbn \n¬°p∂

tIm¿]-td‰v s{]m^-j-\n-e-k-Øn

s‚ coXn AXm-Wv. B cmPyß-

fpsS A\p-`-h-Øn¬ CkvemanI

_m¶ns‚ sa®-ßƒ Af-h-‰-Xm-

sW∂v Ah¿°v t_m≤y-hp-am-bn-

´p-≠v. anUn-eo-Ãn¬ Zp_m-bnbpw

_lssd\pw, bqtdm-∏n¬ {^m≥

kpw {_n´\pw, Ing-°-t\-jy-bn¬

kn¶-∏qcpw ssN\bpw Ckvem

anIv _m¶ns‚ s\Sp-\m-b-IXzw

hln-°m≥ ]c-kv]cw a’-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. CuønsS hØn-°m≥

]{Xw CkvemanIv _m¶n-ßns‚

ss\Xn-I-Xsb ]pI-gvØp-Ibpw

]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fnse _m¶p-Iƒ

CkvemanIv _m¶n-ßns‚ \nb-a-

ßƒ {i≤n-°-W-sa-∂p \n¿t±-in-

°p-I-bp-ap≠m-bn.

_nkn-\kv kwc-`-I\v ]Ww

\¬In Abm-fpsS kmº-ØnI

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw _lp-

Zqcw amdn-\n∂v ]en-i°pw Iq´p-]-

en-i°pw th≠n ImØn-cn-°p∂

Ae-k-\mb Nqj-Is‚ tdmfmWv

]en-i-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb _m¶p-

Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

CkvemanI _m¶n-wKv em`-\-jvS-

ßƒ ]¶n-Sm-sa∂ hyh-ÿ-bn-

emWv \nt£-]-I-\n¬ \n∂v ]Ww

kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw kwcw-`-I¿°v

]Ww ISw \¬Ip-∂-Xpw. ISw

\¬IpI F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ _nkn-

\kv ]¶m-fn-Ø-amWv CkvemanI

_m¶p-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. \nt£-]-

I-cn¬ \n∂pw kam-l-cn-°p∂

]Ww hfsc Icp-X-tem-sS-bmWv

_nkn-\kv kwcw- -ß-fn¬ \nt£-

]-ßƒ \S-Øp-Itbm ISw \¬Ip-

Itbm sNøp-I. CkvemanI

_m¶ns‚ ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS \S-

Øp∂ I®-h-S-ßƒ em`-Øn¬

{]h¿Øn-∏n°m≥ kq£va-amb

\nco-£-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. kwcw-`-I\v h∂p `hn-

°p∂ ]cm-P-b-ß-fnepw _m¶v

]¶mfnbmhp ∂-Xn-\m¬ ]Ww IS-

sa-Sp-Ø-h≥ IpØp-]m-f-sb-Sp-

t°≠n hcp-∂n-√. ]en-i-_m-¶p-I-

fn¬ \n∂pw ISw hmßn-b-h-s\-

t∏mse IShpw ]en-ihpw Iq´p-

]-en-ibpw Xncn-®-S-°m-\m-hmsX

Bfl-lXy sNtø-≠p ∂ KXn-tI-

Sp-ap≠m-Ip∂n-√.

]eni A[m¿an-Ihpw Abp-

‡n-I-hp-amb Hcp kmº-ØnI CS-

]m-Sm-Wv. Nc-°p-Iƒ°v ]Icw Nc-

°p-Iƒ ssIam-dn-bn-cp∂ Ime-L-

-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\p-jys‚ ]ptcm-

K-Xnsb°pdn-°p∂ G‰hpw \n¿

Æm-b-I-amb H∂mWv ]WØns‚

I-≠p-]n-SpØw BZy-Im-eØv hne-

]n-Sn® teml-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]W

ambn D-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXn\p

tijw t]∏¿ Id≥kn h∂p.

C˛tImta-gvkns‚ Cu Ime-L-´-

Øn¬ s{IUn‰v Im¿Uv, sU _n‰v

Im¿Uv, kvam¿ v Im¿Uv apX-emb

Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv Xcw-K-ßfm°n

am‰m≥ Ign-bp∂ ]Whpw h∂p.

]W-Øns‚ Cu {ZhXzw (Liquid-ity) AXm-bXv Fhn-tSbpw Ft∏m

gpw sIm≠p-t]m-hm-\p≈ kuI

cyw, tiJ-c-W-ti-jn, aqey-a-f-°m-

\p≈ am\-I-tijn F∂o KpW-

ß-fmWv ]WsØ AXp-ey-amb

Hcp hym]m-c-tk-h-I-\m°n am‰p-

∂-Xv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kmaq-lnI

t_m[hpw kmaq-ln-I-_-‘-ß-fp-

amWv ]WsØ Hcp tkh-t\m-]m-

[n-bm°n am‰p-∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øn¬

-\S°p∂ hym]mc kwcw-`-ßsf

klm-bn-°m≥ th≠n a\p-jy≥

I≠p-]n-Sn® ]W-Øns‚ Cuhn[-

km-aq-lnI ˛ hym]mc tkh-\-Kp-

W-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv hºn®

tXmXn¬ ]Ww tiJ-cn®p ]eni

hym]mcn A[a-¿Æs\ (]Ww

ISw hmßp-∂-bm-fn-s\) NqjWw

sNøp-∂-Xv. bmsXm-cp-hn[ A]m-

b-km[yXbpw dnkv°pw A≤zm-\-

hp-an-√msX hmbv] kzoI-cn-®-h-

\n¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ hcp-am-\-

amWv ]en-i. ka-b-amWv ]en-i-

bpsS aqeyw h¿≤n-∏n°p-∂-Xv.

kabw Ign-bp-t¥mdpw hmbv]m-]-

W-Øn\v ]pdØv ]en-ibpw Iq´p-

]-en-i-bp-ambn AXv hf-cp-∂p.

A[-a¿Æ≥ ]W-ap-]-tbm-Kn®p

hmßnb Nc-°n¬ kabw bmsXm

cp aqey-h¿≤-\hpw \S-Øp-∂p-an-

√. F∂m¬ Xncn-®-S-t°≠ hm

bv]m-]-W-Øns‚ ]eni kabw

Ign-bp-t¥mdpw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Cu sshcp-≤y-amWv

]en-isb XØz-Zo-£-bn-√m-ØXpw

Abp-‡nI-hp-amb Nqj-W-am°n

am‰p-∂-Xv.

]en -i-c -lnX CkvemanI

_m¶v \S-Øp-∂-h¿ Ckvemans‚

as‰mcp kph¿W-X-Øzw IqSn

]men-°m≥ _m≤y-ÿ-cm-Wv. _m

¶p-Iƒ henb apX¬apS-°p≈

_nkn-\kv kwcw-`-I¿°v am{Xw

]Ww sImSp-°m-\mWv Xmev]-cy-

s∏-Sp-I. kmº-Øn-I-ambn Ah-i-

X-b-\p- -hn-°p∂ Zcn-{Z-P-\-hn- m-K-

ßfpsS Poh-k-‘m-c-W-Øn\pw

CØcw aqe-[\w hgn klm-bn-

°m≥ {]tXyIw {i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-

≠v. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂p:

"A√mlp B \m´p-Im-cn¬

\n∂pw ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øv Xs‚ ZqX\v

\¬Inb [\w A√m-lp-hn\pw

Ahs‚ ZqX\pw ASpØ _‘p-

170

39


°ƒ°pw A\m-Y-°p-ń-Iƒ°pw

AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hgn-t]m-°¿°p-ap-

≈-Xm-Wv. AXv \nß-fn¬ \n∂p≈

[\n-I≥am¿°n-S-bn¬ am{Xw ssI

am‰w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ hkvXp BIm-

Xn-cn-°m≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv' (59:8)

CkvemanI _m¶p-Iƒ kam-

l-cn-°p∂ hºn® aqe-[-\w Zcn-

{Zcpw KXn-b-‰-h-cp-amb--h-cpsS Po

hnXw t£a-I-c-am°nØo¿°p-∂-

Xn\v IqSn klm-b-I-c-ambnØo¿

∂mte kaq-l-Øn¬ Ckvemw Dt±-

in-°p∂ kmº-Øn-I-k-ao-I-cWw

km[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈q. hfsc sN

dnb apX¬ap-S°v e`y-am-ImsX

PohnXw hgn-apń \n¬°p∂

hfsc ]mh-s∏- -h¿°v DZm-c-hy-h-

ÿ-bn¬ hmbv]-Iƒ \¬In

klm-bn-°m≥ CkvemanI _m¶p-

Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. ]mh-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ Ckvemans‚ kl-P-amb

sFIy-Zm¿Vyw A\n-tj-[y-am-Wv.

[\w shdpw hyh-kmb hnI-k-\-

Øn\pw tIm¿]-td‰v taJ-e-I-fnepw

am{Xw Np‰n Xncn-bm-\p-≈-X√ F∂v

Jp¿-B≥ Ak-∂n-KvZ-ambn {]Jym-

]n-°p-∂p. ]ń-Wn-∏m-h-ß-fpsS

PohnXw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m\pw Ah

sc sXmgn¬kw-cw- -ß-fn¬ Xncn-®-

S-hn\v t{]c-I-amb coXn-bn¬ ]Ww

hmbv] \¬In klm-bn-°m-\p≈

Jp¿-Bs‚ DZvt_m-[\w Ckv

emanIv _m¶p-Iƒ \b-ambn kzoI

cnt°≠-Xm-Wv. PmXntbm aXtam

h¿§tam t\m°msX a\p-jy-k-aq-

l-Øn-\m-I-am\w CkvemanI

_m¶ns‚ ]en-i-c-lnX tkh\w

e`y-am-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. ssa

t{Im s{IUn‰v ss^\m≥knßv

F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ eLp-km-

º-ØnI hmbv]m-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ DZm-

c-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ {]mh¿Øn-I-am-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. 2008¬ kmº-

ØnIim---kv{XØn\v t\m_¬

kΩm\ tPmXm-hmb apl-ΩZv

bq\pkv _wKvfm-tZ-in¬ ]c-a-Z-cn-

{Zcmb P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ sN

bvXXv AXm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£, ]en-

i-°v ]Icw em -\-jvS- ]-¶m-fn-Ø-

tØmsS {]h¿Øn-®m¬ ssat{Im

ss^\m≥kn-ßv kaq-l-Øn¬

G‰hpw \√ kZv -e-ßƒ krjvSn-

°m≥ Ign-bpw.

]eni F∂ Nqj-W-hy-h-

ÿ-s°-Xnsc Ckvemans‚ k‘n-

bn-√mØ ka-c-am-Wv GsXmcp ]en-

i-c-ln-X-kw-cw-`-tØbpw Ckv

emans‚ kz¥-am°n am‰p-∂-Xv.

CkvemanI kmaq-ln-I-t_m-[-Øn-

t‚bpw kmº-ØnI Z¿i-\-Øn

t‚bpw ê-ambn apkvenw cmPy-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Db¿∂p-h-cp∂

AØcw ÿm]-\-ßƒ°v Ckv

emans‚ t]cp-≠m-hp-∂Xv kzm`m-

hn-I-am-Wv. a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\v

Ckvemw \¬Ip∂ CØcw kw`m-

Iƒ F√m-h-cp-tSXpam-Wv.

[\-X-Xz-im-kv{X-Øns‚ \nb-

a-ß-sfm∂pw ]Tn-∏n-°msX Ckv

emw AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬

]eni \njn-≤-am-sW∂ t_m[w

P\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£ B[p-

\n-I-Im-eØv Ah-cpsS ssIønse

]Ww \nt£-]n-°m≥ ]‰nb B[n

Im-cnI ÿm]-\-ß-fn√ F∂Xv

tJZ-I-c-am-Wv. ]nim-Nns‚ _m[-

tb-‰-hs\t∏mse-bmWv ]en-i-°m-

c≥ F∂mWv Jp¿B≥ ]eni

ÿm]-\-ß-tfbpw ]en-i-°m-tc

bpw hnti-jn-∏n-®n- p-≈-Xv. temIw

Ct∏mƒ A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-

°p∂ kmº-Øn-I-am-μyw, IS-s°-

Wn, hn´p-am-dmØ Zmcn-{Zyw, hne-

°-b-‰w, £y-£m-aw, hnI-k-\-ap-

c-Sn-∏v, sXmgn-en-√m-bva, bp≤-ßƒ

F√mw lo\-amb ]en-i-bpsS

ss]im-NnI hnf-bm-´-ß-fm-Wv.

Ckvemans‚ A\p-{K-l-Øm¬

A√mlp \ΩpsS cmPy-tØbpw

CØcw Zpcn-X-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

c£n®v cmPyØv kpÿn-c-hn-I-k-

\hpw sFiz-cyhpw D≠m-hs´

F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.

temIw Hcp hgn-b-ºewtemIw Hcp hgn-b-ºewtemIw Hcp hgn-b-ºewtemIw Hcp hgn-b-ºewtemIw Hcp hgn-b-ºewC_v\p Da¿ (d)¬ \n∂pw \nth-Z\w: Hcn-°¬

Xncp-\-_n(-k) Fs‚ c≠p Npa-ep-Iƒ ]nSn-®p-sIm-

≠n-ßs\ Acpfn: "\o Cu temIØv Hcp hntZi

k©m-cn-sb-t∏m-se, As√-¶n¬ Hcp hgn-bm-{X-°m-c-

s\-t∏mse Pohn-®p-sIm-≈pI' {]`mXw DZbw sNøp-

∂Xv kmbm”-Øn¬ \o {]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°-cpXv; {]`m-

X-Øn¬ kmbm”w hcp-∂Xpw \o ImØn-cn-°-cpXv;

\ns‚ Btcm-Ky-L- -Øn¬ \n∂v tcmK-L- -Øn-te°v

th≠Xv \o Ic-ÿ-am-°n-sh-°p-I. \ns‚ Pohn-X-

Øn¬ \n∂v ac-W-L- -Øn-te°v th≠Xpw t\Sn-sb-

Sp-°pI''

(_p-Jm-cn)(_p-Jm-cn)(_p-Jm-cn)(_p-Jm-cn)(_p-Jm-cn)

171

40


Fd-Wm-Ipfw: AlvaZnøm

apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ bph-P\

CXn\v km[y-am-Ip-∂-sX∂pw

At±lw ]d-™p.

]pdsa \n∂p≈ kzm[o\w

bphm-°sf [m¿ΩnI aqey-ß-fn¬

\n∂v AI-‰n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-

sW-∂pw, ]m›mXy kwkvIm-

csØ A\p-I-cn-°m-sX, Ckvem

anI kwkv°mcw Dƒs°m≠v

Pohn-°p-I-bmWv \mw sNtø-≠-

sX∂pw At±lw Nq≠n-°m-´n. 11-

am¿Iv 2010 kam-]n-®pam¿Iv 2010 kam-]n-®pam¿Iv 2010 kam-]n-®pam¿Iv 2010 kam-]n-®pam¿Iv 2010 kam-]n-®p¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂pw At±lw

]d-™p. £a-tbmSpw Icp-W-

s]cp-am-dp∂ tkh-I-\mWv bYm¿

∞-Øn¬ Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sN

øp∂ t\Xm-sh∂v tbmK-Øn¬

A≤y-£X hln® Fd-Wm-Ipfw

tkmW¬ Aao¿ _n.-_n.-AlvaZv

I_o¿ kmln_v A`n-{]m-b-s∏- p.

tkmW¬ \mknw A≥ km-dp√m

]n.-sI.-im-lp¬ laoZv kmln_v

Biwk t\¿∂p. kuØv Cem

Jm JmCZv C.-F-®v. \Po_v kmln-

_v, kXy-Zq-X≥ amknI ]{Xm-[n-

]¿ F.-Fw.-ap-l-ΩZv keow kmln-

_v, AlvaZv im^n kmln-_v,

k^¿ AlvaZv kmln_v, apl-ΩZv

k vhm≥ kmln_v, auehn Fw.

\mkn¿ AlvaZv kmln-_v, auehn

apl-ΩZv ico v kmln_v XpS-ßn-

b-h¿ hnhn[ hnj-b-ßsf Bkv

]-Z-am°n {]`m-jWw \S-Øn. ]cn-

]m-Sn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v B\p-Im-

enI ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \S-

Ønb N¿®m-thZn Gsd {it≤-b-

am-bn. tIc-f-Ønse {]apJ ]{X-

ßƒ ]cn-]mSnsb°p-dn -®p≈

kNn{X dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-I-

cn-®n-cp-∂p.

_n.-_n.-ap-l-ΩZv \Po_v_n.-_n.-ap-l-ΩZv \Po_v_n.-_n.-ap-l-ΩZv \Po_v_n.-_n.-ap-l-ΩZv \Po_v_n.-_n.-ap-l-ΩZv \Po_v

Fd-Wm-Ip-fw.Fd-Wm-Ip-fw.Fd-Wm-Ip-fw.Fd-Wm-Ip-fw.Fd-Wm-Ip-fw.

aqkn-am-cpsS ]me-°mSv ˛aqkn-am-cpsS ]me-°mSv ˛aqkn-am-cpsS ]me-°mSv ˛aqkn-am-cpsS ]me-°mSv ˛aqkn-am-cpsS ]me-°mSv ˛Xriq¿ taJem IymºvXriq¿ taJem IymºvXriq¿ taJem IymºvXriq¿ taJem IymºvXriq¿ taJem Iymºv

Ae-s\-√q¿ : kzbw-hn-a¿i-\-

Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°n-sIm≠v Bfl-

]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Øm≥ PohnXw

Ckveman-\p-th≠n ka¿∏n-®-h-

cmb aqkn-am¿ apt∂m´v hc-W-

sa∂ ]me-°mSv taJem Aao¿

s{]m^-k¿ A_vZp¬ Icow km

ln_v A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. lpkq¿

Xncp-a-\ v JpXzv_-bn-eqsS Bh-

iy-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒ {]mtbm-Kn-

I-X-e-Øn¬ hcp-Øp-tºm-gmWv

Z£nW taJem am¿°v Iymºv Jp±m-ap¬ AlvaZnøm AJn-te¥ym kZ¿ lm^nkv

aJv±qw ico^v kmln_v DZvLmS\w sNøp-∂p. Z£n-W-ta-Jem JmbnZv C.FOv. \Po_v

kmln_v, auehn Fw. \mkn¿ AlvaZv kmln_v, Fd-Wm-Ipfw taJem Aao¿ _n.-_n.

AlvaZv I_o¿ kmln_v Fd-Wm-Ipfw taJem A≥km-dp-√mlv kbnw jmlp¬ laoZv

kmln-_v F∂n-hsc thZn-bn¬ ImWmw.

kwL-S-\-bmb aPvenkv Jp±m-ap¬

AlvaZnøm kuØv tIcf kwL-

Sn-∏n® aPvensk Bane dn{^-j¿aPvensk Bane dn{^-j¿aPvensk Bane dn{^-j¿aPvensk Bane dn{^-j¿aPvensk Bane dn{^-j¿

tImgvkv (am¿Iv 2010) tImgvkv (am¿Iv 2010) tImgvkv (am¿Iv 2010) tImgvkv (am¿Iv 2010) tImgvkv (am¿Iv 2010) hnP-b-I-c-

ambn kam-]n-®p. bphm-°-fn¬

t\Xr-Xz-KpWw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-

°pI F∂ e£y-tØmsS Fd-

Wm-Ipfw akvPnZv Da-dn¬ 2010

G{]n¬ 14, 15 Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ \S-

Ønb ]cn-]mSn AJn-te¥ym kZ¿

lm^nkv aJvZqw ico v kmln_v

DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. t\XrXzw

F∂Xv A√mlp Gev]n®

kq£n∏v apX-em-sW∂pw a‰p-≈-

h-cn¬ ]cn-h¿Ø\w krjvSn-°m-

\mbn BZyw kzbw ]cn-h¿Ø-\-

Øn\v hnt[bam-tI-≠Xv AXy-

tbmSpw IqSn A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSv


172

41


F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿

AlvaZv kmln_vAlvaZv kmln_vAlvaZv kmln_vAlvaZv kmln_vAlvaZv kmln_v

P\m_v F.-Fw.-F-kv. _io¿

AlvaZv kmln_v (km-Øm¶p-fw)

sNss∂-bn¬ 22- 3- 2010\v \ncym-X-

\m-bn. C∂m-en-√m-ln.....

85 hb mbn-cp-∂p. A¥y-\n-

an-jw-h-tcbpw Pam-AØv tkh-\-

cw-KØv kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. akolv

auDuZn(A)s‚ InivXo\qlv,

Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv m\n-

(d)bpsS ZnIvtd Cemln F∂o D¿-

Zp-{K-Ÿ-ßƒ At±lw Xan-gn-te°v

]cn -`m -j -s∏ -Sp -Øn -bn -´ p -≠v .

At±lw Znhw-K-X-\mb Znh-k-

amWv InivXo \qln s‚ Xangv ]cn-

`mj sNss∂ Aao¿ P\m_v

_nim-dØv kmln-_ns\ G¬

∏n®Xv .

Xan-gv\m-´nse kmØm¶pfw

]≈n-bpsS ÿm]-I≥ P\m_v

kønZv AlvaZv kmln-_ns‚

aqØ ]p{X-\m-bn-cp∂p ]tc-X≥.

`mcy : Bkym-_o-hn.. a°ƒ:

Aa-Øp¬ løv, Aa-Øp¬ Pao¬

({io-e-¶) Aa-Øp¬ dio-Zv, \kow

AlvaZv.

acp-a-°ƒ : F. A_vZpƒ

dioZv ({]-kn-U‚ v sIm√w Pam-A-

Øv), F.-Iyp. apkvenlv, kmPnZ,

]tc-X-\mb _io-dp-±o≥ ({io-e-¶)

]tc-X\v A√mlp P∂Øpw

aKv^n-dØpw \¬In A\p-{K-ln-

°p-am-dm-I-s´.

F. A_vZp¬ dio-Zv, sIm√wF. A_vZp¬ dio-Zv, sIm√wF. A_vZp¬ dio-Zv, sIm√wF. A_vZp¬ dio-Zv, sIm√wF. A_vZp¬ dio-Zv, sIm√w

Fw. ^mkn¬ AlvaZvFw. ^mkn¬ AlvaZvFw. ^mkn¬ AlvaZvFw. ^mkn¬ AlvaZvFw. ^mkn¬ AlvaZv

kmln_vkmln_vkmln_vkmln_vkmln_v

]me-°mSv: ]me-°mSv aPvenkv

Jp±m-ap¬ AlvaZnøm Jmbn-Zpw,

]me-°mSv ˛ Xriq¿ taJem

\mbn_v JmbnZpw sk{I-´-dnbpw

Bb P\m_v Fw. ^mkn¬

AlvaZv kmln_v (21) 16-˛4-˛2010

i\n-bmgvN cmhnse H‰-∏m-eØv

Xoh≠n A]-I-S-Øn¬ h^m-

Ømbn, C-∂m-en-√m-ln.....

JmbnZv Bhp-∂-Xn\v aptº

aPven-kns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

D’p-I-\m-bn-cp∂ mkn¬ Alv

aZv kmln-_v. bphm-°ƒ°v Hcp

amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p ]tc-X≥.

P\m_v sI.-Fw. sambv-Xp´n

kmln-_nt‚bpw _n.-Fw. Ban\

kmln-_-bp-tSbpw aI-\m-Wv.

aqØ ktlm-Z -c≥. ^mln≥

AlvaZv kmln_v JmZn-bm-\n¬

PmanA AlvaZn-øm hnZym¿∞n-

_n. AlvaZv kmln_v_n. AlvaZv kmln_v_n. AlvaZv kmln_v_n. AlvaZv kmln_v_n. AlvaZv kmln_v

]g-b-ßmSn Pam-A-Ønse

Hcp {]ap-Jmw-Khpw t]mb-Im-eØv

tIc-f-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Adn-b-s∏´

AlvaZn-bp-amb P\m_v kn. Alv

aZv kmln_v 30- 1- 2010 i\n-bmgvN

\ncym-X-\m-bn. C∂m-en-√m-ln.....

1919- ¬ ]g-b-ßm-Sn-bn¬ P\n®

]tc-X≥ 1939-˛-emWv AlvaZnøm

Pam-A-Øn¬ {]th-in-®-Xv. tI

hew 20 hb- p-≈-t∏mƒ kz¥w

IpSpw-_-Ønse F√m FXn¿∏p-I-

tfbpw XcWw sNbvXv GI-\mbn

Pam-A-Øn-se-Øn-t®¿∂ hnizm-k-

Zm¿Vy-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p

At±-lw. XpS¿∂v Xs‚ Du¿÷-

kz-e-amb tkh-\-ßƒ sIm≠v

At±lw Pam-A-Ønse {]K¬`-

\m-bn.

]g-b-ßmSn aPven -kns‚

JmbnZv ÿm\w hln® ImeØv

1950¬ tImgn-t°m´v sh®v \S∂

bmWv.

A√mlp _‘p-an-{Xm-Zn-Iƒ

°v £a \¬Ip-am-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.

]tc-X\v A√mlp P∂Øpw aKv

^n-dØpw \¬In A\p-{K-ln-°p-

am-dm-I-s´. Bao≥.

Fkv.-Fw. _io-dp-±o≥,Fkv.-Fw. _io-dp-±o≥,Fkv.-Fw. _io-dp-±o≥,Fkv.-Fw. _io-dp-±o≥,Fkv.-Fw. _io-dp-±o≥,

]me-°mSv]me-°mSv]me-°mSv]me-°mSv]me-°mSv

173

42


H∂mw aPvenkv Jp±m-ap¬ Alv

aZn-øm-bpsS kwLm-S-I-cn¬ Hcm-

fm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Cu ktΩ-f-

\-amWv XpS¿∂p≈ AJne tIcf

AlvaZnøm ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v {]

tNm-Z-\-am-b-Xv.

_n. AlvaZv kmln_v h¿j-

ß-tfmfw kXy-Zq-X≥ {]km-[-I-

°-Ωn‰n AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1947

apX¬ kpZo¿L-amb \mev]Xp

h¿j-°mew ]g-b-ßmSn PamA-

Øns‚ am¬kn-{I-´dn ÿm\w

kvXpXy¿l-amb coXnbn¬ At±

lw \n¿Δ-ln-®p. 1950-I-fn¬ sXt°

ae-_m¿ tI{μo-I-cn®p \S∂

X_veoKv ]cy-S\Øn¬ At±lw

]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. JmZn-bm-\nepw

d_v hbnepw e≠-\nepw sN∂v

Ime-Øns‚ Jeo- -amsc kμ¿in-

°m≥ mKyw e`n-®n- p-≠v.

`mcy: a¿lpa kn. Ip™m-bn-

»m-km-ln_

a°ƒ : ilm-Z-Øv, kbo-Z,

l_o-_, kmZn-J.

acp-a-°ƒ : a¿lpw Sn. A_v

Zp¬ laoZv kmln-_v, a¿lpw hn.

A_vZp¿ dlvam≥ kmln-_v, a¿

lqw ]n.-]n. ssk\p-±o≥ kmln-_v,

F. A_p¬Iemw kmln-_v.

˛4- 2010\v Ae-s\-√q¿ AlvaZnøm

akvPn-Zn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n® aqkn-am-

cpsS tbmKsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\

sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw.

auehn apl-ΩZv \Po_v km

ln_v (A¬h-kn-ø-Øv) auehn

Fw. \mkn¿ AlvaZv kmln_v,

Ae-s\-√q¿ Pam-AØv {]kn-

U≠v Fw. A_vZp¬ _io¿

kmln_v F∂n-h¿ {]kw-Kn-®p.


A√mlp ]tc-Xm-flm-hn\v

P∂Øpw aKv^n-dØpw a¿l-

aØpw \evIp-am-dm-I-s´.

apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bo¬

]n¥p-S¿®m-kz-Øp-°ƒ hn`-Pn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂p

C…mw Iev]n-°p∂p. kzØv GXm\pw Nne-cpsS

ssII-fn¬ am{X-ambn kzcq-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns\ AXp

hntcm-[n-°p∂p. Xs‚ apgp-h≥ kzØpw Hcmƒ°v

am{X-ambn HkyØv sNøp-∂-Xnt\m Zm\w sNøp-∂-

Xnt\m B¿°pw A[n-Im-c-an√. C…m-anI ]n¥p-S¿®m-

h-Imi \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v Hcm-fpsS kzØp-°ƒ Abm-

fpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, a°ƒ, hn[-h, ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿,

ktlm-Z-cn-Iƒ, apX-em-b-h¿°v hn -Pn®p sImSp-t°-

≠Xm-Wv. AXn¬ a‰m¿°pw Xs∂ CS-s]-Sp-hm-t\m,

Cu hnX-c-W{Ia-Øn¬ am‰w hcp-Ømt\m ]mSp-≈-

X√. C…m-anI ]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-\n-b-a-hpw, Zmb-{I-

ahpw A\p-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-ß-fn¬ [\-hm-

\mb Hcm-fpsS a°ƒ ]nXmhv kzcq-]n-®p-sh® apX-

ens\ B{i-bn®v Ae-k-ambn Ign-™p-Iq-Sp-hm≥

A\ph-Zn°s∏Sp-I-bn√. Fs¥-∂m¬, Abm--fpsS B

ÿmh-c-Pw-K-a-kz-Øp-°-sf√mw hnhn[Xc-°m-cmb

Ah-Im-in-I-fn¬ ]¶n-S-s∏-tS-≠-h-bm-Wt√m. Aßs\

Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw B apX-en¬ \n∂v X\nbv°v In´p∂

hnln-Xw sIm≠v ]pXp-Xm-bp≈ PohnXw \bn-®p-sIm-

≈Ww. kzØv Hmtcm Xe-ap-d-bnepw hn -Pn®pw ]p\¿hn-

`-Pn®pw sIm≠n-cn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ aqt∂m

\mtem Xe-ap-d-Iƒ sIm≠v henb FtÃ-‰p-Iƒt]m

epw sNdnb sNdnb Xp≠-ß-fm-°n-Xn-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw,

Hcp sXmgn-em-fnt°m Irjn-°m-ct\m t]mepw B

I≠w hne-bvs°-Sp-°m\pw kz¥w Irjn hnI-kn-∏n-

s®-Sp-°m\pw km[n°p-∂-Xp-am-Wv. C{]-Imcw `qhp-S-

a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ IpØ-Im-h-Imiw Imc-W-ambn P\-

ßƒ°n-S-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ `n∂-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-

Sp∂p. (AlvaZn-øØv AYhm bYm¿∞ Ckvemw)

kºØv Ip∂p-Iq-Sm-\-\p-h-Zn-°mØ CkvemwkºØv Ip∂p-Iq-Sm-\-\p-h-Zn-°mØ CkvemwkºØv Ip∂p-Iq-Sm-\-\p-h-Zn-°mØ CkvemwkºØv Ip∂p-Iq-Sm-\-\p-h-Zn-°mØ CkvemwkºØv Ip∂p-Iq-Sm-\-\p-h-Zn-°mØ Ckvemw

lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)lZvdØv an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)

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