maya
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Maya. Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD. Mayan cities were city-states. Each ruler a god. Cities unified by a common language, culture, and roads. Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD. Cities were centers for religion and trade. They had temples, pyramids, and ball courts. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Maya
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Mayan cities were city-states. Each ruler a god. Cities unified by a common language, culture, and roads.
![Page 4: Maya](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812bc4550346895d9008f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Cities were centers for religion and trade. They had temples, pyramids, and ball courts.
• Tikal was almost 50 square miles and had a population of 55,000 people
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• The pyramid at Tikal is 212 feet high. It was the tallest building in the Americas until 1903. It was built so that Jupiter and Venus align over the pyramid.
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• The pyramid at Chichen Itza was built so that a shadow crept down the stairs like a snake only during the fall/spring equinox.
• This pyramid had 91 steps on 4 staircases plus the top =365
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Artisans made cotton cloth, jade/gold ornaments. Priests studied astronomy. Merchants traded by land/sea. Laborers built pyramids. Architects designed buildings.
• Farmers built raised fields that could drain water. Also terraced hillsides.
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Maya offered blood sacrifices to Gods. Gods could be good, evil, or both. Also human sacrifice.
• Itzam Na- creator God- also fire, rain, crops, earth- becomes Quetzalcoatl- most powerful ruler adopts the name Quetzalcoatl- like Caesar/Romans
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Had the most accurate calendar in the world. Only .0002 of a day off our modern calendar!
• Two calendars- one 260 day religious calendar- 13 months 20 days each, one 365 day solar calendar- 18 months 20 days each
• Invented zero0-something that stands for nothing
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Maya- 1200 BC-900 AD
• Mayan writing- glyphs- over 800
• Books called codex written on paper made from bark
• Also invented concept of zero
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Maya Timeline
• Lowland Maya descendents of Olmec- arrive 1000BC
• 550 AD- fall of Teotihuacan- breakdown of centralized power at Tikal
• Increased power of local elites- more building projects and growing population- scarce food- competition for land-warfare
• 900 AD Toltec invade N. Yucatan- power shifts from Tikal to Chichen Itza.
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Mayan Timeline
• About 1200 Chichen Itza abandoned- power shifts to Mayapan- a walled city
• Revolt destroyed Mayapan in 1441
• By the arrival of Spaniards, empire dead.
• Toltec migrate to Valley of Mexico where they are destroyed.
• Legend of Quetzalcoatl lives on…
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• Civilizations worshipping the Feathered Serpent included the Olmec, Mixtec, Toltec, Aztec, who adopted it from the people of Teotihuacan, and the Maya.
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